scholarly journals PSII-13 Effect of corn stover silages inoculated with effective microorganisms (EM®) on digestibility of sheeps

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 408-410
Author(s):  
Manuel Pérez- ◽  
Claudia C Márquez-Mota ◽  
Atmir Romero-Pérez ◽  
Jonathan Avilés-Nieto ◽  
Luis Corona
Keyword(s):  
Corn Stover ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Effective Microorganisms ◽  
Cane Molasses ◽  
Milk Whey ◽  
Corn Stover Silage ◽  
Silage Process ◽  
Male Sheep

Abstract The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of corn stover silages with two sources of energy (cane molasses or milk whey) and EM (effective microorganisms, 1 mL/kg DM) on the digestibility of nutrients and rumen fermentation. We hypothesized that inoculation with EM (lactobacillus spp and Rhodopseudomona palustris and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) in the silage process of corn stover coud improve the in vivo digestibility and ruminal fermentation in sheep. Six male sheep with cannula in the rumen were used in a 6 x 6 Latin square design. Experimental periods consisted of 11 d for diet adjustment followed by 5 d for collection. The animals were housed in metabolic cages, with a harness to collect faeces individually. Diets consisted of concentrate (corn grain, soybean meal, mineral salt) 55% and corn stover 45% dry basis. The treatments were: CS-AMW= Corn stover with acid milk whey, CS-CM= corn stover with sugar cane molasses, SIL-AMW= corn stover silage with acid milk whey, SIL-CM= corn stover silage with cane molasses, SIL-AMW-EM= corn stover silage with acid milk whey and EMand SIL-CM-EM= Corn stover silage with cane molasses and EM. The results were analyzed with PROC MIXED procedures of SAS. The inoculation of corn stover with EM increased (P < 0.05) the content of CP in SIL-AMW-EM and SIL-CM-EM respect CS-CM (Table 1). SIL-CM-EM increase (P < 0.05) the ruminal N-NH3 and pH (Table 2) but no effect was observed for digestibility (Table 3). However, the SIL-AMW improved (5.8%, P < 0.05) the OM digestion compared with CS-AMW. A diet with 45% corn stover silage with EM was not sufficient to improve in vivo digestibility of nutrients in sheep. This project was supported by UNAM,DGAPA, PAPIIT (IT202120)

scholarly journals PSXIV-26 Effect of effective microorganisms (EM®) and milk whey or molasses on in vitro digestibility of corn stover silage

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 447-448
Author(s):  
Manuel Pérez-Pérez ◽  
Claudia Marquez-Mota ◽  
Francisco Castrejón-Pineda ◽  
Laura Vallejo ◽  
Águeda García-Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corn Stover ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Effective Microorganisms ◽  
Milk Whey ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Corn Stover Silage ◽  
Quadratic Effects ◽  
Agroindustrial Byproducts

Abstract Corn stover (CS) is an agricultural by-product widely used in the ruminant feeding systems, despite its poor nutritional value and digestibility. Although treatments such as alkalinization, pelleting and extruded have been evaluated to improve its digestibility, the use of those treatments is limited. An alternative might be the use of EM (cocktail of mainly lactic bacteria), although there is no information about the optimal dose to improve DM digestibility of CS. On the other hand, there are agroindustrial byproducts such as milk whey and molasses that can be used as energy sources for ensiling. The objective of this study was to evaluate the level of EM® and the type of energy substrate on in vitrodry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and pH of CS silage. Microsilos were elaborated in plastic bottles, which were assigned to a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement 4 (levels: 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 ml/kg as feed of EM®) × 2 (energy source:milk whey or molasses, 15%), with five repetitions each. Results were analyzed using the GLM procedure of SAS. Orthogonal polynomials were tested to determine linear and quadratic effects of EM® dosis. Interaction of dose × energy source was observed (P < 0.05). The highest IVDMD and lowest pH was observed with addition of 0.5 mL and 1 mL of EM® and milk whey. IVDMD linearly increased and pH was reduced (P < 0.05) with the increasing levels of EM®). It is concluded that addition of EM® at doses of 0.5 to 1 mL / kg DM improved IVDMD and that milk whey is the best source of energy for the ensiling of CS.

The effects of anAspergillus oryzaeextract containing alpha-amylase activity on ruminal fermentation and milk production in lactating Holstein cows

2005 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Tricarico ◽  
J. D. Johnston ◽  
K. A. Dawson ◽  
K. C. Hanson ◽  
K. R. McLeod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Nutrient Metabolism ◽  
Lactating Cows

AbstractThe effects of anAspergillus oryzaeextract containing alpha-amylase activity (Amaize™, Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, KY) were examinedin vivoandin vitro. A lactating cow study employed 20 intact and four ruminally fistulated Holstein cows in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin-square design to examine the effects of four concentrations of dietary Amaize™ extract on milk production and composition, ruminal fermentation and serum metabolite concentrations. The treatment diets contained 0, 240, 480 or 720 alpha-amylase dextrinizing units (DU) per kg of total mixed ration (TMR) (dry-matter basis). The supplemental alpha-amylase increased the yields of milk (P= 0·02), fat (P= 0·02) and protein (P= 0·06) quadratically. The maximum milk yield was obtained when 240 DU per kg of TMR were offered. Ruminalin situstarch disappearance was not affected by alpha-amylase supplementation in lactating cows or ruminally cannulated steers. Supplemental alpha-amylase extract reduced the molar proportion of propionate in the rumen of steers (P= 0·08) and lactating cows (P= 0·04), and in rumen-simulating cultures (P= 0·04). The supplement also increased the molar proportions of acetate (P= 0·06) and butyrate (P= 0·05), and the serum beta-hydroxybutyrate (P= 0·01) and non-esterified fatty acid (P= 0·03) concentrations in lactating cows. The improvements in milk production appear to be a consequence of the effects of alpha-amylase on ruminal fermentation and the potential changes in nutrient metabolism that result from them. We conclude that supplemental alpha-amylase may be given to modify ruminal fermentation and improve milk and component yield in lactating Holstein cattle.

scholarly journals Grass and Legume Hays for Sheep: Intake, in vivo Digestibility, and in situ Degradability

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Iana Mara Medeiros Otoni ◽  
Janaina Lima Da Silva ◽  
Karina Guimaraes Ribeiro ◽  
Odilon Gomes Pereira ◽  
Thiago Carvalho Da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Bermuda Grass ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Male Sheep

The objective of this study was to evaluate nutrient intake, in vivo digestibility, and in situ degradability of different cultivars of hay (i.e., [Jiggs] and [Tifton-85] bermuda grass (Cynodon spp.) and [alfalfa] (Medicago sativa) and [stylo] Campo Grande (Stylosanthes sp.)) and nitrogen balance in sheep. We used eight rumen-cannulated F1 Santa Ines × Dorper castrated male sheep with body weights of 35.0 kg in a double 4 × 4 Latin Square experimental design. The intake and total apparent digestibility of nutrients were higher (P<0.05) for alfalfa than for stylo hay. The in vivo dry matter (DM) digestibility of Jiggs (47.6%), Tifton-85 (53.4%), stylo (29.3%), and alfalfa (53.2%) hays and in situ DM degradability were equivalent in the range of 7.6 to 63.2 h of degradation. The in vivo neutral detergent fiber (NDFap) digestibility of Jiggs (53.7%), Tifton-85 (64.4%), stylo (42.2%), alfalfa (56.2%), and in situ NDFap degradability were equivalent from 37.3 h. Nitrogen balance was negative only in animals fed stylo hay. Alfalfa hay provides a higher nutrient intake than other hays. The alfalfa and bermuda grass hays used in sheep diets presented better digestibility than stylo hay. The results are suitable to predict in vivo digestibility from in situ degradability parameters.

scholarly journals Digestibility and rumen fermentation of a high forage diet pre-treated with a mixture of cellulase and xylanase enzymes

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-406
Author(s):  
K. Selzer ◽  
A. Hassen ◽  
A.M. Akanmu ◽  
A.Z.M. Salem
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Forage Digestibility

Forages play an important role in ruminant animal production worldwide. Unlocking the nutritional potential of poor-quality tropical forages with fibrolytic enzymes would improve forage digestibility and utilization. Using in vitro and in vivo methods this study investigated the effect of pre-treating Smutsfinger hay for 24 hours with a mixture of fibrolytic enzyme (100% cellulase; 75% cellulase: 25% xylanase; 50% cellulase: 50% xylanase; 25% cellulase: 75% xylanase; 100% xylanase and a control with no enzyme) on ruminal fermentation and digestibility of nutrients by sheep. For in vitro fermentation, dry matter, neutral detergent fibre (NDF) degradability and volatile fatty acids (VFA) were determined with standard procedures. The same treatments were used for an in vivo digestibility trial using Merino sheep in a 6 x 6 Latin square design. Feed intake and total tract digestibility were recorded. Rumen fluid samples were collected daily, preserved, and analysed for VFA. The addition of 100% cellulase enzyme to Smutsfinger hay in vitro increased (P <0.05) NDF degradability and gas production compared with the control and inclusion of 100% xylanase enzyme. Both 100% cellulase and xylanase enzymes significantly reduced in vitro end time fermentation pH. A 50:50 mixture of cellulase and xylanase plus enzyme in vivo, increased acetate, total VFA concentration, and higher NDF and ADF digestibility of the test feed compared with the control. Inclusion of a 50-75% mixture of cellulase and 50-25% xylanase enzymes treatment led to higher gas production and butyrate concentration, decreased ruminal pH and improved nutrient digestibility.

scholarly journals PSIX-10 The replacement of corn by soybean molasses improves ruminal environment of feedlot sheep

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 396-396
Author(s):  
Sérgio A G Pereira-Junior ◽  
Juliana A Torrecilhas ◽  
Edivilson S Castro-Filho ◽  
Rayanne Viana Costa ◽  
João Pedro A Bertoco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Orthogonal Contrasts ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Quadratic Effects ◽  
Male Sheep

Abstract The goal of this study was to assess the effects of increasing levels of soybean molasses (SM) on ruminal parameters of feedlot sheep. Nine crossbred ruminally-cannulated male sheep (73.3 ± 2.5 kg BW) were randomly distributed in a triple 3 × 3 Latin square design. The treatments consisted of isonitrogenous (18% CP) and isoenergetic (2.7 Mcal/kg) diets, containing 0, 15 or 30% SM (DM basis). After 14 d of adaptation period, rumen fluid samples were collected in each experimental period, at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 h after feeding, to evaluate ruminal pH, NH3-N and VFA concentrations. The pH was measured immediately after rumen fluid sampling, and NH3-N concentrations were determined with micro-Kjeldahl apparatus. The concentration of VFA was assessed by gas chromatography. Data were evaluated using the MIXED procedure of SAS, with repeated measures over time. Orthogonal contrasts were used to determine the linear and quadratic effects of SM inclusions, as well as the contrast Control × SM treatments. There was no interaction of time of sampling × treatment for all variables evaluated (P &gt; 0.05). The inclusion of SM increased linearly (P = 0.02) the ruminal pH (5.92 to 5.21 – 0 and 30%, respectively), and decreased linearly (P = 0.006) the NH3-N concentration (32.19 to 21.78 mg/dL – 0 and 30%, respectively). The addition of SM did not alter most of VFA, with exception for valeric acid (quadratic, P = 0.05), with the higher value observed in 15% SM-fed animals (1.33 mMol/L). However, when the percentage of each VFA was evaluated, the inclusion of SM increased linearly the butyric acid (P = 0.05), from 14.1 to 16.9%. The results indicate that the inclusion of soybean molasses at up to 30% (DM basis) improves the ruminal fermentation of diets in feedlot crossbred sheep.

In vivo apparent digestibility in ponies given rolled, micronised or extruded barley

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 133-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
B M L McLean ◽  
J J Hyslop ◽  
A C Longland ◽  
D Cuddeford ◽  
T Hollands
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Design Experiment ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Physical Processing ◽  
Adaptation Phase

Processed cereals are used routinely in diets for equines but little information is available on how physical processing affects the digestibility of cereals in equines. This study examines the effects of three physical processing methods (rolling, micronisation and extrusion) on the in vivo apparent digestibility of barley fed to ponies.Three mature caecally-fistulated Welsh-cross pony geldings, (LW 284kg ± 3.8kg) were used in a 3 x 4 incomplete latin square changeover design experiment consisting of four 21 day periods. Each period comprised a sixteen day adaptation phase and a five day recording phase when apparent digestibility in vivo was determined. Ponies were offered 4kg dry matter (DM) per day of either 100% hay cubes (HC) or one of three diets consisting of a 50:50 barley:hay cubes mix. The barley in the mixed diets was either rolled barley (RB), micronised barley (MB) or extruded barley (EB). Diets were offered in 2 equal meals per day fed at 09:00 and 17:00 hours respectively.

scholarly journals Metabolic and Productive Response and Grazing Behavior of Lactating Dairy Cows Supplemented with High Moisture Maize or Cracked Wheat Grazing at Two Herbage Allowances in Spring

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 919
Author(s):  
Verónica M. Merino ◽  
Lorena Leichtle ◽  
Oscar A. Balocchi ◽  
Francisco Lanuza ◽  
Julián Parga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Grazing Behavior

The aim was to determine the effect of the herbage allowance (HA) and supplement type (ST) on dry matter intake (DMI), milk production and composition, grazing behavior, rumen function, and blood metabolites of grazing dairy cows in the spring season. Experiment I: 64 Holstein Friesian dairy cows were distributed in a factorial design that tested two levels of daily HA (20 and 30 kg of dry matter (DM) per cow) and two ST (high moisture maize (HMM) and cracked wheat (CW)) distributed in two daily rations (3.5 kg DM/cow/day). Experiment II: four mid-lactation rumen cannulated cows, supplemented with either HMM or CW and managed with the two HAs, were distributed in a Latin square design of 4 × 4, for four 14-d periods to assess ruminal fermentation parameters. HA had no effect on milk production (averaging 23.6 kg/day) or milk fat and protein production (823 g/day and 800 g/day, respectively). Cows supplemented with CW had greater protein concentration (+1.2 g/kg). Herbage DMI averaged 14.17 kg DM/cow.day and total DMI averaged 17.67 kg DM/cow.day and did not differ between treatments. Grazing behavior activities (grazing, rumination, and idling times) and body condition score (BCS) were not affected by HA or ST. Milk and plasma urea concentration increased under the high HA (+0.68 mmol/L and +0.90 mmol/L, respectively). Cows supplemented with HMM had lower milk and plasma urea concentrations (0.72 mmol/L and 0.76 mmol/L less, respectively) and tended (p = 0.054) to have higher plasma β-hydroxybutyrate. Ruminal parameters did not differ between treatments.

scholarly journals Short-Term Variations of C18:1 Trans Fatty Acids in Plasma Lipoproteins and Ruminal Fermentation Parameters of Non-Lactating Cows Subjected to Ruminal Pulses of Oils

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 788
Author(s):  
Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez ◽  
Juan J. Loor ◽  
Philip C. Garnsworthy
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Trans Fatty Acids ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Plasma Lipoproteins ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Fermentation Parameters ◽  
Partially Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil

The objective of this study was to evaluate short-term variations of trans fatty acids (TFA) in plasma lipoproteins and ruminal fermentation parameters of non-lactating cows subjected to ruminal pulses of vegetable oils. Three non-lactating, non-pregnant Holstein cows, each with a ruminal cannula, were arranged in a 3 × 3 Latin square design with three-day pulsing periods and four-day washout intervals between treatments. Cows were treated with single ruminal pulses of: (1) control (skimmed milk (SM); 500 mL); (2) soybean oil (SO; 250 g/d in 500 mL of SM) and (3) partially-hydrogenated vegetable oil (PHVO; 250 g/d in 500 mL of SM). Time changes after infusion in TFA contents were only observed for plasma C18:1 trans-4, trans-5 and trans-12, and high-density lipoprotein fraction C18:1 trans-9. After ruminal pulses, concentration of acetate decreased linearly; molar concentrations of propionate and valerate increased linearly; molar concentrations of butyrate and isovalerate changed quadratically and were greater at 1 h than at other times. There was an accumulation of several C18:1 TFA in plasma and lipoproteins, especially on the third day of pulsing. Overall, naturally occurring C18:1 TFA isomers (produced during ruminal biohydrogenation of SO) and preformed TFA (supplied by PHVO) elicited differential TFA partitioning and transport in plasma and lipoproteins.

scholarly journals Evidence that lamprey GnRH-III does not release FSH selectively in cattle

Reproduction ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Amstalden ◽  
D A Zieba ◽  
M R Garcia ◽  
R L Stanko ◽  
T H Welsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Weak Competitor ◽  
Hormonal Milieu ◽  
Selective Effects

Experiments were performed to test the hypothesis that lamprey GnRH-III (lGnRH-III) selectively releases FSH. Primary cultures of bovine adenohypophyseal cells were treated with mammalian GnRH (mGnRH) and lGnRH-III (10−9, 10−8, 10−7 and 10−6 M) or control media in Experiment 1. All doses of mGnRH and the two highest doses of lGnRH-III stimulated (P < 0.001) a non-selective release of LH and FSH. In Experiments 2–4, Latin Square designs were utilized in vivo to examine whether physiological and hormonal milieu regulate putative selective effects of lGnRH-III. In Experiments 2 and 3, ovariectomized cows with basal levels of estradiol only (Experiment 2) or in combination with luteal phase levels of progester-one (Experiment 3) were injected with mGnRH and lGnRH-III (0.055, 0.11, 0.165 and 1.1 μg/kg body weight (BW) and saline. All doses of mGnRH released (P < 0.001) LH and FSH, but only the highest dose of lGnRH-III stimulated (P < 0.001) a non-selective release of both LH and FSH (Experiment 3). For Experiments 4A and 4B, intact, mid-luteal phase cows were injected with mGnRH and lGnRH-III (1.1 μg/kg BW; Experiment 4A), lGnRH-III (1.1 and 4.4 μg/kg BW; Experiment 4B) and saline. As before, mGnRH released (P < 0.001) both LH and FSH at all doses. In contrast, lGnRH-III at the highest dose released (P < 0.001) LH but not FSH. These findings suggest that lGnRH-III may act as a weak competitor for the mGnRH receptor and do not support the hypothesis that it selectively releases FSH in cattle.

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