scholarly journals PSVII-27 Early plasma androstenone concentrations may indicate extent of boar taint at slaughter

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 466-467
Author(s):  
Jocelyn Cameron ◽  
Renee Bergeron ◽  
Jim Squires
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Invasive Procedure ◽  
Boar Taint ◽  
Quality Issue ◽  
Sexual Behaviours ◽  
Testicular Steroidogenesis ◽  
Elisa Data

Abstract Castration is a highly invasive procedure performed on male pigs within the first few days after birth. Castration reduces aggressive and sexual behaviours and, more importantly, eliminates the incidence of a meat quality issue called boar taint. Androstenone, one of the boar taint causing compounds, is a steroid hormone produced during puberty in boars, and also during a spike of testicular steroidogenesis at 21 days of age. This peak is thought to mature the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis; however, 21-day steroid concentrations have not previously been linked to the extent of boar taint development at slaughter. The objective of this research is to determine if androstenone concentrations at 21 days of age can predict boar taint development at slaughter. Crossbred [(YorkshireXLandrace)XDuroc] boars (n = 36) were raised in pens of two females and two males to average market slaughter weight. Blood was taken at 21 days and slaughter, backfat was collected at slaughter. Plasma and fat androstenone concentrations were measured by androstenone-specific ELISA. Data was analyzed using Pearson correlation and ANOVA. Boars >120kg at slaughter showed positive correlation (R=0.54, P =.007) between 21-day plasma androstenone and fat androstenone concentrations at slaughter, and tended to correlate (R=0.40, P =.056) between 21-day plasma androstenone and plasma androstenone concentrations at slaughter. Boars yet to reach 120kg by slaughter did not show correlation (R=0.2, P = .2) between 21-day plasma androstenone and slaughter androstenone concentrations. There was no correlation between age and weight at slaughter, and plasma and fat androstenone concentrations were not different (P >.05) between groups above and below 120kg at slaughter. These results suggest that 21-day plasma androstenone concentrations may be indicative of androstenone accumulation in the fat and plasma if pigs are over 120kg at slaughter. This can aid with identifying boars at risk of developing boar taint early so that solutions such as immunocastration can be implemented.

Fetal Hemodynamic Response to Anemia in Early Gestation: Using Hemoglobin Bart’s Disease as a Study Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suchaya Luewan ◽  
Fuanglada Tongprasert ◽  
Kasemsri Srisupundit ◽  
Kuntharee Traisrisilp ◽  
Phudit Jatavan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Peak Systolic Velocity ◽  
Invasive Procedure ◽  
Doppler Velocity ◽  
Early Gestation ◽  
Volume Load ◽  
Sphericity Index ◽  
The Right ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Hb Bart's

Abstract Objective To assess fetal hemodynamic changes in response to anemia in early gestation, using fetal Hb Bart’s disease as a study model. Methods A prospective study was conducted on pregnancies at risk for fetal Hb Bart’s disease at 12–14 weeks of gestation. Fetal hemodynamics were comprehensively assessed by 2D ultrasound, Doppler velocity, and cardio-STIC just prior to the invasive procedure for diagnosis. The various hemodynamic parameters of the affected and unaffected fetuses were compared. Results Of 56 fetuses at risk, 17 had Hb Bart’s disease and 39 were unaffected. The right and combined ventricular cardiac outputs (CO) were significantly higher in the affected fetuses (0.993 vs. 1.358; p < 0.001 and 1.010 vs. 1.236; p < 0.001, respectively), whereas the left CO tended to be higher but not significantly (1.027 vs. 1.113; p = 0.058). Cardiac dimensions, middle-cerebral artery peak systolic velocity, Tei index, and isovolemic contraction time were significantly increased, while the global sphericity index was significantly decreased. Interestingly, cardiac preload, ventricular wall thickness, shortening fraction, isovolemic relaxation time, and fetal heart rate were unchanged. Four fetuses had hydropic changes, but all cardiac functions were normal. Conclusion Fetal anemia induces hypervolemia and increases cardiac output to meet the tissue oxygen requirement, resulting in an increase in size without hypertrophy, volume load without pressure load, and a decrease in the globular sphericity index. The heart works very well but works harder, especially systolic ventricular load. Hydrops fetalis due to anemia appears not to be caused by heart failure as previously believed but rather by volume load with high vascular permeability at least in early pregnancy.

scholarly journals Arterial Input Function Derived from Pairwise Correlations Between PET-image Voxels

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 1058-1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Schain ◽  
Simon Benjaminsson ◽  
Katarina Varnäs ◽  
Anton Forsberg ◽  
Christer Halldin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Input Function ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Invasive Procedure ◽  
Compartmental Analysis ◽  
Input Function ◽  
Time Activity ◽  
Pairwise Correlation ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Suitable Reference

A metabolite corrected arterial input function is a prerequisite for quantification of positron emission tomography (PET) data by compartmental analysis. This quantitative approach is also necessary for radioligands without suitable reference regions in brain. The measurement is laborious and requires cannulation of a peripheral artery, a procedure that can be associated with patient discomfort and potential adverse events. A non invasive procedure for obtaining the arterial input function is thus preferable. In this study, we present a novel method to obtain image-derived input functions (IDIFs). The method is based on calculation of the Pearson correlation coefficient between the time-activity curves of voxel pairs in the PET image to localize voxels displaying blood-like behavior. The method was evaluated using data obtained in human studies with the radioligands [ 11 C]flumazenil and [ 11 C]AZ10419369, and its performance was compared with three previously published methods. The distribution volumes ( VT) obtained using IDIFs were compared with those obtained using traditional arterial measurements. Overall, the agreement in VT was good (~3% difference) for input functions obtained using the pairwise correlation approach. This approach performed similarly or even better than the other methods, and could be considered in applied clinical studies. Applications to other radioligands are needed for further verification.

A comparison of slaughter performance and meat quality of pigs immunised with a gonadotrophin-releasing factor vaccine against boar taint with physically castrated pigs

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (10) ◽  
pp. 911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. L. Yuan ◽  
J. L. Li ◽  
W. H. Zhang ◽  
C. Li ◽  
F. Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Boar Taint ◽  
Inosine Monophosphate ◽  
Slaughter Performance

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of vaccination against gonadotropin-releasing factor (GnRF) on carcass characteristics and meat quality and back fat quality. In total, 400 healthy male pigs were randomly assigned into two treatment groups: physically castrated males (CM) and vaccinated males (IM). CM pigs were physically castrated within 3 days of age. IM pigs received the GnRF vaccine twice, at 14 and 21 weeks of age. At the end of the experiment, 20 pigs of each treatment were weighed individually and slaughtered at 25 weeks of age. The longissimus muscle was collected to evaluate the meat quality including pH, drip loss, shear force, cooking loss, intramuscular fat, fatty acid composition and inosine monophosphate. Subcutaneous fat was sampled to evaluate fatty acid composition. IM pigs had a lower dressing percentage and were leaner (P < 0.01). The inosine monophosphate content was higher in pork from IM pigs than from CM pigs (P < 0.05). IM pigs had a higher content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in longissimus muscles than CM pigs (P < 0.01), mostly because of the higher linoleic acid content (P < 0.01). IM pigs had higher levels of unsaturated fatty acids in subcutaneous fat than CM pigs (P < 0.01), mostly because of the higher linoleic acid and linolenic acid (P < 0.01) and the lower myristic acid content (P < 0.01). There were no adverse effects of the GnRF vaccine on slaughter performance and meat quality of pigs. These results suggest that GnRF vaccine administered to pigs increases the inosine monophosphate content in longissimus muscles and the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in longissimus muscles and back fat. Consequently, vaccination with Improvac for boar taint control will provide a good alternative to physical castration of male pigs.

scholarly journals Effects of immunocastration on growth performance, body composition, meat quality, and boar taint

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 249-258
Author(s):  
R. Stupka ◽  
J. Čítek ◽  
K. Vehovský ◽  
K. Zadinová ◽  
M. Okrouhlá ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Boar Taint ◽  
Large White ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Daily Gain

The study objective was to evaluate the effect of immunocastration in the period between the first and second vaccinations and subsequently between the second vaccination and slaughter on growth performance, carcass composition, meat quality, and boar taint, and compare results in immunocastrated males (IC), uncastrated boars (UCM), surgically castrated barrows (CM), and gilts (FE). The study included 70 pigs of the Duroc × (Large White × Landrace) crossbreed. Upon the overall assessment of the selected fattening indicators (average daily gain, feed intake), significant differences between CM and the other groups were demonstrated. Meanwhile, no significant differences were found between the IC, UCM, and FE groups. In this test, immunocastrates showed no negative effect from the second vaccination in relation to those carcass value indicators evaluated in comparison with UCM and FE. CM showed adversely lower carcass value parameters compared the other groups. No significant differences in pH, meat colour, drip loss, shear force, and intramuscular fat were found. The values of these indicators obtained for IC converged with those measured in UCM and FE. It was demonstrated that immunocastration prevented the occurrence of undesired boar taint. Androstenone decreased by 77% and skatole by 71% in IC as compared to UCM.

scholarly journals Genetic determinism of boar taint and relationship with growth traits, meat quality and lesions

animal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1333-1341 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Dugué ◽  
A. Prunier ◽  
M.J. Mercat ◽  
M. Monziols ◽  
B. Blanchet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Determinism ◽  
Boar Taint

scholarly journals NAKED OATS (Avena nuda) WITH AND WITHOUT LYSINE SUPPLEMENTATION, FOR BOARS AND BARROWS: GROWTH, CARCASS AND MEAT QUALITY, ENERGY AND NITROGEN METABOLISM

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 765-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. FRIEND ◽  
A. FORTIN ◽  
J. K. G. KRAMER ◽  
G. BUTLER ◽  
L. M. POSTE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Boar Taint ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Avena Nuda ◽  
Naked Oats

Thirty-six boars and 36 barrows were fed four diets. The control was a fortified corn-soybean meal diet. Diets 50 L and 100 L were lysine-supplemented, and 48% and 95%, respectively, of the corn and soybean meal were replaced by Tibor naked oats. Diet 100 (unsupplemented) contained 95% naked oats. The diets were pelleted and given ad libitum to pigs housed three per pen. At a slaughter liveweight of approximately 90 kg, the left side of the carcass was used for carcass and meat quality examinations and samples were taken for fatty acid (FA) analysis. Additionally, 24 boars and 24 barrows were fed the four diets in a metabolism trial to determine metabolizable energy and nitrogen values. Daily gain by pigs fed Diet 100 was less (P < 0.01), and their times to market weight were 10 and 8 d longer, respectively, than pigs fed Diets 50 L and 100 L. Boars ate significantly less feed daily than barrows, and the rate of gain for boars was less and feed efficiency higher than for barrows. Total yield of lean meat was less (P < 0.05) from Diet 100 pigs than from those fed the other diets. The carcass index was higher (P < 0.05) for boars (106) than for barrows (102). The FA profile for the Tibor naked oats was very similar to that reported in a previous study even though the two crops were grown on different farms and 1 yr apart. Naked oats increased significantly the concentration of 18:1n–9 and 20:1 in the carcass backfat, but did not influence the quality of the loin muscle fat. An increased (P < 0.05) intensity of flavor in the pork loin roasts was associated with the naked oats diets. Boar roasts scored higher (P < 0.05) for juiciness than those from barrows; there was no difference in boar taint between the two sexes. The metabolizable energy value of the control diet was higher than those of the oats diets; significantly higher when corrected for N retained. Pigs fed Diet 100 L retained (P < 0.05) the most N (18.7 g d−1) and Diet 100 the least (15.8 g d−1). Nitrogen retention as a proportion of N intake was more (P < 0.05) for boars than for barrows. This study supported the inclusion of at least 48% naked oats in a diet for growing-finishing pigs. Key words: Boars, oats (naked), metabolism, carcass, fatty acids, meat quality

scholarly journals Sexual behaviours, HIV testing, and the proportion of men at risk of transmitting and acquiring HIV in London, UK, 2000–13: a serial cross-sectional study

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. e431-e440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adamma Aghaizu ◽  
Sonali Wayal ◽  
Anthony Nardone ◽  
Victoria Parsons ◽  
Andrew Copas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexual Behaviours

scholarly journals Effect of immunocastration in group-housed commercial fattening pigs on reproductive organs, malodorous compounds, carcass and meat quality

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 290-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Škrlep ◽  
N. Batorek ◽  
M. Bonneau ◽  
M. Prevolnik ◽  
V. Kubale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Boar Taint ◽  
Drip Loss ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Lean Meat ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Meat Content ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Fattening Pigs

In the present study, the effect of immunocastration on carcass traits, meat quality, reproductive organs development, and boar taint compounds was investigated. Male piglets (50% Duroc crosses) were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: entire males (EM; n = 19), surgical castrates (SC; n = 20) and immunocastrates (IC, vaccinated with Improvac<sup>&reg;</sup> at the age of 79 and 142 days; n = 21). Pigs were fed ad libitum and weighed at the time of first and second vaccination and before slaughter (176 days of age). No differences between treatment groups were detected for carcass weight. In the case of backfat thickness, carcass lean meat content, and belly leanness score, IC were intermediate between EM (the leanest) and SC (the fattest), differing (P &lt; 0.05) from both control groups. Regarding loin eye fat area, neck intermuscular fatness, ham leanness, and leaf fat weight, IC were similar to EM and were less fat than SC (P &lt; 0.01). IC had lower intramuscular fat than SC (P &lt; 0.01) and higher average pH 24 than both EM and SC (P &lt; 0.01), resulting in darker colour. IC also demonstrated lower drip loss than EM (P &lt; 0.05). Immunocastration caused a significant reduction of reproductive organs and concentrations of boar taint compounds (P &lt; 0.01) which were comparable with the levels observed for SC. &nbsp;

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