PSVI-25 Feeding increasing levels of yerba mate in lambs: Effects on fatty acid profile, and physical characteristics meat

Abstract The presence of secondary metabolites in the structure of natural antioxidants makes them an alternative for animal feed, which allows modifying the composition of the meat, thus contributing to people’s health. For this reason, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of yerba mate extract (YME) on lamb feed as a natural antioxidant in the fatty acid profile and physical traits of meat of 36 lambs fed for 53 days, fed with corn silage and concentrate in the proportion 40:60, respectively. The treatments followed the randomized block design, with a control group without YME (0%) and three groups with 1, 2, and 4% of YME inclusion in the dry matter (DM). Samples were collected from the Longissimus thoracis (LT), muscle for quality analysis and composition. All data were analyzed using a MIXED model with orthogonal contrasts. We found that the inclusion of YME did not affect significantly the characteristics of the pH, total lipids and color general (P = 0.192), although the use of YME don’t affect the parameters normal in the meat. Nevertheless, the use of YME improved the value of b* (P = 0.004), showing a yellowness coloration in the meat of the lambs. Likewise, changed the proportion of branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA; P = 0.009) and the conjugated linoleic acid (CLA; P = 0.030) exhibited a diet effect for the group with 4% YME. This is revealing result, since these fatty acids have been associated with a decrease in cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, the addition of up to 4% YME improves the composition and general acceptance of lamb meat, recommended for use in animal feed.

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The effect of linseed oil supplementation of the diet on the content of fatty acids in the egg yolk

Acta Veterinaria Brno ◽

10.2754/avb201281020159 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 81 (2) ◽

pp. 159-162 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Petra Hudečková ◽

Lucie Rusníková ◽

Eva Straková ◽

Pavel Suchý ◽

Petr Marada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Soybean Oil ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Myristic Acid ◽

Linseed Oil ◽

Control Group ◽

Heptadecanoic Acid ◽

Egg Yolks ◽

Experimental Group

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of two different types of oils in diet on the fatty acid profile in the eggs of layers and to include a particular type of oil as a supplement of feeding mixtures for layers in order to support the development of functional foodstuffs. Thirty layers fed a diet containing soybean oil constituted the control group (soybean oil is the most frequently used oil added to feeding mixtures). In the experimental group (thirty layers), soybean oil was replaced with linseed oil at the same amount (3 kg of oil per 100 kg of feeding mixture). Feeding was provided ad libitum for all days of the month. After one month, egg yolks were analysed and the fatty acid profile was compared. Significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) were found in the concentration of myristic acid that belongs to the group of saturated fatty acids. Eggs in the experimental group showed higher concentrations of myristic acid compared to the control group (0.20 g/100 g of fat and 0.18 g/100 g of fat, respectively). Highly significant differences (P ≤ 0.01) were found for heptadecanoic acid but the trend was opposite to that of myristic acid; concentrations of heptadecanoic acid in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group. Highly significant differences (P ≤ 0.01) were found for n-9 monounsaturated fatty acids where egg yolks in eggs from layers fed linseed oil contained higher concentrations of oleic acid, myristoleic acid, and palmitoleic acid. Lower concentrations of n-6 fatty acids (P ≤ 0.01) were found after the addition of linseed oil in eggs. Linseed oil showed a positive effect on n-3 fatty acids (α-linolenic acid), its concentration in the control and experimental group was 0.82 g/100 g of fat and 5.63 g/100 g of fat, respectively. The possibility of influencing the fatty acid profile in eggs is very important for the development of functional foods.

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Effect of Chlorella Vulgaris and Japonochytrium sp. Microalgae Supplementation on Composition and Fatty Acid Profile of Goat Milk

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis ◽

10.11118/actaun201765051585 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 65 (5) ◽

pp. 1585-1593

Author(s):

Klára Novotná ◽

Milena Fantová ◽

Lenka Nohejlová ◽

Markéta Borková ◽

Luděk Stádník ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Chlorella Vulgaris ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Goat Milk ◽

Control Group ◽

Basic Composition ◽

Experimental Group

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two species of the microalgae on the milk yield, the basic composition and the fatty acid profile of goat milk, with focus on n‑3 fatty acids. Forty‑five White short‑haired goats were randomly allocated to three groups; the control group (C) with no supplementation microalgae to the diet. The first experimental group (Ch) was supplemented with Chlorella vulgaris and second experimental group (J) has been supplemented with Japonochytrium sp. The Japonochytrium supplementation negatively affected milk yield, but the amount of milk fat (+0.1 %; +0.45 %) and solids‑not‑fat (+0.27 %; +0.86 %) were higher than in group C and Ch. The amount of polyunsaturated (5.527 % ± 0.378) and saturated (71.560 % ± 0.861) fatty acids was also highest in group J. An increase of C20:4, C20:5 was detected in J and Ch, and the concentration of C22:6 was highest in group J (+0.019 %; P < 0.001).

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Plant-Based Diet, Serum Fatty Acid Profile, and Free Radicals in Postmenopausal Women: The Diet and Androgens (DIANA) Randomized Trial

The International Journal of Biological Markers ◽

10.1177/172460080502000304 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 169-176 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

C. Colombo ◽

P. Muti ◽

V. Pala ◽

A. Cavalleri ◽

E. Venturelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Free Radicals ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Dietary Intervention ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Reactive Oxygen Metabolites ◽

Serum Fatty Acid

High calorie and fat consumption and the production of free radicals are two major mechanistic pathways between diet and disease. In this study we evaluated the effect of a plant-based diet poor in animal fat and rich in (n-3) fatty acids on fatty acids of serum phospholipids and on the production of reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs). One hundred and four healthy female postmenopausal volunteers were recruited and randomized to a dietary intervention or a control group. Dietary intervention included a program of food education and biweekly common meals for 18 weeks. When the intervention and control groups were compared, it was seen that dietary intervention resulted in a significant reduction of saturated fatty acids (-1.5%) and a significant increase in (n-3) fatty acids (+20.6%), in particular docosahexaenoic acid (+24.8%). We observed that arachidonic acid decreased (–7.7%), while (n-6) fatty acids did not, and the (n-3)/(n-6) polyunsaturated ratio increased significantly (+24.1%). As expected, ROMs decreased significantly in the intervention group (-6%). The results indicated that a plant-based diet can improve the serum fatty acid profile and decrease ROMs production. These results suggest that a plant-based diet may reduce the body's exposure to oxidative stress.

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Evaluation of antioxidants on oxidative stability and fatty acid profile of poultry offal oil used in the pet food industry

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n3supl1p1813 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (3Supl1) ◽

pp. 1813-1824

Author(s):

Carlos Magno da Rocha Junior ◽

◽

Antônio Gilberto Bertechini ◽

Alexandre de Oliveira Teixeira ◽

Leonardo Marmo Moreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Oxidative Stability ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Food Industry ◽

Essential Fatty Acids ◽

Acid Methyl Ester ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

Compositional Data Analysis ◽

Pet Food

The aim of this study was to examine the use of antioxidants on the oxidative stability of poultry offal oil used in the pet food industry. Five commercial synthetic and two natural antioxidants were used in the following treatments: Control (CON); CON + (BHT + BHA + ETH95); CON + (BHT + BHA); CON + (BHA + PG + CA); CON + (BHT + BHA + ETH70); CON + BHA; CON + (ASC + rosemary); and CON + (ASC + tocopherols). Inclusion levels were 0.5% for the synthetic and 0.625% for the natural antioxidants. Oxidative stability was determined at three temperatures (90, 110 and 130 ºC). To determine the fatty acid profile, the original sample of the offal oil was considered a negative control. The fatty acids were determined based on the preparation of methyl esters by a transesterification reaction with methanol in alkaline medium, followed by gas chromatography analysis. The different fatty acid types were identified by comparing the retention times of the fatty acid methyl ester standards with the retention times of the observed peaks. Compositional data analysis was carried out. Without the use of antioxidant, induction time is shorter, resulting in lower oxidative stability of the offal oil and consequent loss of its quality due to less time taken to oxidize. The antioxidants used in CON + (BHT + BHA + ETH95), CON + (BHA + PG + CA) and CON + BHA better preserved the essential fatty acids (linolenic and linoleic). Natural antioxidants exhibited higher oxidation, with higher proportions of saturated fatty acids and the worst ω6:ω3 ratios. In conclusion, the synthetic antioxidants used in CON + (BHT + BHA + ETH95), CON + (BHA + PG + CA) and CON + BHA provided greater protection against oxidation and better preserved the essential fatty acids. The natural antioxidants tested in the present study did not provide satisfactory protection.

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Influence of CLA addition in non-ruminant diets on lipid index values

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/854/1/012071 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 854 (1) ◽

pp. 012071

Author(s):

Dejan Peric ◽

Ivana Brankovic Lazic ◽

Srdjan Pantic ◽

Milan Z. Baltic ◽

Jelena Janjic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Food Of Animal Origin ◽

Ruminant Diets ◽

Ruminant Meat

Abstract In monogastric animals, tissue fatty acid profile directly reflects the fatty acid profile present in the animal’s diet. Inadequate ratio of fatty acids in food can lead to negative effects on human health. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a group of isomers of linoleic acid (C18:2), and its most interesting role is in the prevention of tumors, atherosclerosis and diabetes. CLA is found in ruminant meat and milk, and since pigs and poultry do not have the ability to synthesize CLA, it is possible to add them to animal feed with biotechnological solutions. The scientific public imposes modern parameters for determining the nutritional value of fatty acids, in which the AI – index of atherogenicity, TI – index of thrombogenicity and H/H - hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratio are distinguished. The aim of this study was to determine the effect CLA addition to the diet of non-ruminants on the lipid indices of certain categories of meat, from the aspect of consumer health needs. A significant influence of the correction of feed’s fatty acid composition on the lipid indices in food of animal origin was determined.

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Short-Chain and Total Fatty Acid Profile of Faeces or Plasma as Predictors of Food-Responsive Enteropathy in Dogs: A Preliminary Study

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani12010089 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 89

Author(s):

Cristina Higueras ◽

Ana I. Rey ◽

Rosa Escudero ◽

David Díaz-Regañón ◽

Fernando Rodríguez-Franco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Propionic Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Total Fatty Acid ◽

Isovaleric Acid ◽

Short Chain ◽

Control Group ◽

Inflammatory Status ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

The aim of this study was to evaluate differences in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and the total fatty acid profile of faeces or plasma as possible indicators of FRE in comparison with healthy dogs. FRE dogs had a lower concentration (p = 0.026) of plasma α-tocopherol as an indicator of the oxidative status of the animal, and lower C20:5n-3 (p = 0.033), C22:5n-3 (p = 0.005), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (p = 0.021) and n-6 (p = 0.041) when compared with the control dogs; furthermore, sick dogs had higher proportions of plasma C20:3n-6 (p = 0.0056). The dogs with FRE showed a decrease in the production of faecal levels of SCFAs, mainly propionic acid (C3) (p = 0.0001) and isovaleric acid (iC5) (p = 0.014). FRE dogs also had a lower proportion of C15:0 (p = 0.0003), C16:1n-9 (p = 0.0095), C16:1n-7 (p = 0.0001), C20:5n-3 (p = 0.0034) and monounsaturated fatty acids (p = 0.0315), and tended to have lower n-3 (p = 0.058) and a reduced desaturase activity index in the stool when compared with the control group. However, the dogs with chronic enteropathy tended to have greater C20:4n-6 (p = 0.065) in their faeces as signs of damage at the intestinal level. The faecal parameters were better predictors than plasma. The highest correlations between faecal odd-chain, medium- or long-chain fatty acids and SCFAs were observed for C15:0 that correlated positively with faecal acetic acid (C2) (r = 0.72, p = 0.004), propionic acid (r = 0.95, p = 0.0001), isobutyric acid (iC4) (r = 0.59, p = 0.027) and isovaleric acid (r = 0.64, p = 0.0136), as well as with total SCFAs (r = 0.61, p = 0.02). Conversely, faecal C20:4n-6 showed a high inverse correlation (r = −0.83, p = 0.0002) with C2 and C3 (r = −0.59, p = 0.027). Canine inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) activity (CIBDAI) index correlated negatively mainly with faecal measurements, such as C3 (r = −0.869, p = 0.0005) and C15:0 (r = −0.825, p = 0.0018), followed by C16:1/C16:0 (r = −0.66, p= 0.0374) and iC5 (r = −0.648, p = 0.0310), which would indicate that these fatty acids could be good non-invasive indicators of the chronic inflammatory status, specifically FRE.

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Meat fatty acid profile of pigs fed linseed enriched diet

Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry ◽

10.2298/bah1203477o ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 477-486 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Djordje Okanovic ◽

D. Ivanov ◽

D. Palic ◽

A. Mandic ◽

N. Ilic

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Live Weight ◽

Control Group ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Standard Diet ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Longissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽

Experimental Group

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of diet supplemented with linseed rich additive on fatty acid profile and omega-fatty acids content in pig meat. Twelve pigs were divided in a control and experimental group and grown to 110 kg of live weight. The experimental group was fed a standard diet enriched with 2.5% of commercial additive Vitalan?. After the end of feeding period, the meat samples from both groups were analyzed for fatty acids content in raw and roasted meat. The ratio between omega-6 and omega-3 acids was established. Samples from experimental group fed with linseed enriched diet showed higher ?-3 acids content in meat (6.24% - 7.23%), compared to the control group (0.71% - 1.64%), thus making it better for a human consumption from a health perspective. Linseed enriched diet positively influenced fatty acid composition of pig M. Longissimus dorsi muscle by decreasing SFA content, as well as increasing PUFA and UFA content. Heat treatment did not significantly decreased content of stearic and linoleic fatty acids in any sample. It was concluded that the diet enriched with extruded linseed had beneficial effect on the majority of monitored parameters in the study.

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Gestational diabetes mellitus prediction? A unique fatty acid profile study

Nutrition and Diabetes ◽

10.1038/s41387-020-00138-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Enitan Ogundipe ◽

Saidee Samuelson ◽

Michael A. Crawford

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Dietary Fatty Acids ◽

Control Group ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Predictive Tool

Abstract Objective To elucidate whether women at risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have a unique fatty acid profile compared to women considered normal healthy controls (NHC). Methods Three hundred pregnant women were randomized to a control group (NHC) (n = 50) and to one of three high risk groups (n = 250), one of which was GDM (n = 50). At recruitment participants’ booking bloods were taken and analyzed for lipid profiles. The GDM group’s fatty acid profile is reported here. Results GDM women compared to NHC had elevated levels of omega 6 (n-6) fatty acids compared to omega 3 (n-3) fatty acids (p = 0.01), of linoleic acid (LA) to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) p = 0.001, sequentially distorted levels of n-6 fatty acids LA and arachidonic acid (ArA) p = 0.035, as well as significantly depressed levels of n-3 DHA (p = 0.01). Conclusion This paper shows that GDM women have a unique fatty acid profile with elevated levels of n-6 fats, depressed levels of n-3 fats and an abnormal pattern of sequential n-6 metabolism. This profile probably results from a combination of factors including underexpression and or poor utilization of desaturase enzymes, suboptimal dietary fatty acids intake, poor micronutrient status or dysbiosis of the microbiome. These results help inform development of a clinical predictive tool.

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Effect of Marine Algae Supplementation on Somatic Cell Count, Prevalence of Udder Pathogens, and Fatty Acid Profile of Dairy Goats’ Milk

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11041097 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 1097

Author(s):

Ferenc Pajor ◽

István Egerszegi ◽

Ágnes Szűcs ◽

Péter Póti ◽

Ákos Bodnár

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Somatic Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Somatic Cell Count ◽

Marine Algae ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Control Group ◽

Dairy Goats

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the Schizochytrium limacinum marine algae on the milk composition and fatty acid profile, somatic cell count, and prevalence of pathogen bacteria in the raw milk of multiparous Alpine goats. Twenty-eight dairy goats were randomly allocated to two groups: control group (C)—fed with 1500 g alfalfa hay and 600 g concentrate; experimental group (MA)—received the same forages and concentrate supplemented with 10 g/head/day marine algae. The goats were housed indoors, while the experiment lasted five weeks, and the milk samples were taken every week. Marine algae feeding had no negative effect on milk composition. The marine algae inclusion significantly decreased the milk somatic cell count and the presence of udder pathogens in the MA group. Mean somatic cell count and presence of udder pathogens were 5.73 log cells/mL and 31%, respectively, in the C group, while these values were 5.34 log cells/mL and 10%, respectively, in the MA group. The marine algae supplementation significantly increased DHA and rumenic acid concentration in the milk of the MA group (0.32 and 0.99 g/100 g of fatty acids, respectively) compared to the C group (0.04 and 0.65 g/100 g of fatty acids, respectively). It can be concluded that a diet supplemented with marine algae significantly improves the udder health of goats and the concentrations of health-promoting fatty acids in milk.

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In vitro Antioxidant Potential of Fatty Acids Obtained by Direct Transmethylation from Fresh Cordia sebestena Flowers

Annals of Tropical Research ◽

10.32945/atr3626.2014 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Olubunmi Atolani ◽

Oluwatimilehin Kayode ◽

Oluwaseeni Adeniyi ◽

Charles Adeosun

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Octadecenoic Acid ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

Product Yield ◽

Single Step ◽

Multistep Method ◽

Antioxidant Potential

The determination of fatty acid profile of plant material is often attained via multistep procedures. Recent innovation has made it possible to obtain fatty acids from fresh matrix in a single step. This study was conducted to analyze the fatty acids present in C. sebestena using direct transmethylation in a one-step procedure with methanol:benzene: hexane:aluminium chloride:sulphuric acid (37:20:36:5:2 v/v) as transmethylation reagents and gas chromatography/mass spectrophotometry, GC-MS for quantification. The antioxidant potential of the transmethylation product was also evaluated using DPPH assay. GC-MS revealed the presence of seventeen fatty acids in C. sebestena. Palmitic acid (32.45%), myristic acid (21.49%), cis-oleic acid (9.57%), 13-octadecenoic acid (5.76%) and stearic acid (4.95%) were the major fatty acids while gondoic acid (0.88%) (an omega-9 fatty acid) and other 11 fatty acids (0.11 to 0.96%) constitute the minor components. Non-fatty acids compounds (17.43%) were also present in the obtained product. Yield (3.33% fresh weight) was modest and product had high antioxidant activity suggesting the viability of the method in determining the fatty acid profile of the plant. The procedure saves time and resources that are associated with conventional multistep method. Results obtained showed evidence that Cordia sebestena could be an attractive source of fatty acids that are important natural antioxidants.

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