scholarly journals Investigating the persistence of accuracy of genomic predictions over time in broilers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Hidalgo ◽  
Daniela Lourenco ◽  
Shogo Tsuruta ◽  
Yutaka Masuda ◽  
Vivian Breen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Second Generation ◽  
Genomic Data ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Genomic Information ◽  
Training Population ◽  
The Third ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
One Year ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Genomic Predictions

Abstract Accuracy of genomic predictions is an important component of the selection response. The objectives of this research were: 1) to investigate trends for prediction accuracies over time in a broiler population of accumulated phenotypes, genotypes, and pedigrees; 2) to test if data from distant generations are useful to maintain prediction accuracies in selection candidates. The data contained 820K phenotypes for a growth trait (GT), 200K for two feed efficiency traits (FE1 and FE2), and 42K for a carcass yield trait (CY). The pedigree included 1,252,619 birds hatched over seven years, of which 154,318 from the last four years were genotyped. Training populations were constructed adding one year of data sequentially, persistency of accuracy over time was evaluated using predictions from birds hatched in the three generations following or in the years after the training populations. In the first generation, before genotypes became available for the training populations (first three years of data), accuracies remained almost stable with successive additions of phenotypes and pedigree to the accumulated dataset. The inclusion of one year of genotypes in addition to four years of phenotypes and pedigree in the training population led to increases in accuracy of 54% for GT, 76% for FE1, 110% for CY, and 38% for FE2; on average, 74% of the increase was due to genomics. Prediction accuracies declined faster without than with genomic information in the training populations. When genotypes were unavailable, the average decline in prediction accuracy across traits was 41% from the first to the second generation of validation, and 51% from the second to the third generation of validation. When genotypes were available, the average decline across traits was 14% from the first to the second generation of validation, and 3% from the second to the third generation of validation. Prediction accuracies in the last three generations were the same when the training population included five or two years of data, and a decrease of ~7% was observed when the training population included only one year of data. Training sets including genomic information provided an increase in accuracy and persistence of genomic predictions compared to training sets without genomic data. The two most recent years of pedigree, phenotypic and genomic data were sufficient to maintain prediction accuracies in selection candidates. Similar conclusions were obtained using validation populations per year.

44 Accuracy of Genomic Predictions over Time in Broilers

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 28-28
Author(s):  
Jorge Hidalgo ◽  
Daniela Lourenco ◽  
Shogo Tsuruta ◽  
Yutaka Masuda ◽  
Vivian Breen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Growth Trait ◽  
Genomic Data ◽  
First Year ◽  
Linear Regression Method ◽  
Genomic Information ◽  
Training Population ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Genomic Predictions ◽  
Training Sets

Abstract The objectives of this research were to investigate trends for accuracy of genomic predictions over time in a broiler population accumulating data, and to test if data from distant generations are useful in maintaining the accuracy of genomic predictions in selection candidates. The data contained 820k phenotypes for a growth trait (GROW), 200k for two feed efficiency traits (FE1 and FE2), and 42k for a dissection trait (DT). The pedigree included 1.2M animals across 7 years, over 100k from the last 4 years were genotyped. Accuracy was calculated by the linear regression method. Before genotypes became available for training populations, accuracy was nearly stable despite the accumulation of phenotypes and pedigrees. When the first year of genomic data was included in the training population, accuracy increased 56, 77, 39, and 111% for GROW, FE1, FE2, and DT, respectively. With genomic information, the accuracies increased every year except the last one, when they declined for GROW and FE2. The decay of accuracy over time was evaluated in progeny, grand-progeny, and great-grand-progeny of training populations. Without genotypes, the average decline in accuracy across traits was 41% from progeny to grand-progeny, and 19% from grand-progeny to great-grand-progeny. Whit genotypes, the average decline across traits was 14% from progeny to grand-progeny, and 2% from grand-progeny to great-grand-progeny. The accuracies in the last 3 generations were the same when the training population included 5 or 2 years of data, and a marginal decrease was observed when the training population included only 1 year of data. Training sets including genomic information provided an increased accuracy and persistence of genomic predictions compared to training sets without genomic data. The two most recent years of data were enough to maintain the accuracy of predictions in selection candidates.

scholarly journals In Search for Canon of Singapore Malay Poetry: Reflection on Nature, Race, Religion and Love

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Hadijah Rahmat ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bilingual Education ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Political Values ◽  
Early Attempt ◽  
The Third ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
British Colonial

This paper discusses selected poems by three generations of Malay writers in Singapore from the first generation poets who received their vernicular education during British colonial period, before Malayan Independence in 1957; to second generation writers who received Malay education when Singapore was part of Malaysia, 1957-1965 who established their poems in 1970s; and the third generation writers who received bilingual education who began to make impacts when Singapore become a Republic in 1980s. These iconic poems embody the easthetic as well as the cultural and political values of Malay society. It is an early attempt to define and search for canon of Singapore Malay poetry. Keywords: literature, canon, poetry, Singapore, culture, identity, values

scholarly journals Time-to-effect guided pulmonary vein isolation utilizing the third-generation versus second generation cryoballoon: One year clinical success

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 368-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian-Hendrik Heeger ◽  
Christopher Schuette ◽  
Valentina Seitelberger ◽  
Erik Wissner ◽  
Andreas Rillig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Vein ◽  
Pulmonary Vein Isolation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
The Third ◽  
One Year

The Brown Mite, Bryobia arborea Morgan and Anderson (Acarina: Tetranychidae), on Apple in Nova Scotia.: I. Influence of Intratree Distribution on the Selection of Sampling Units. II. Differences in Habits and Seasonal Trends in Orchards With Bivoltine and Trivoltine Populations. III. Distribution of Diapause Eggs. IV. Hatching of Diapause Eggs

1965 ◽  
Vol 97 (12) ◽  
pp. 1303-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Seasonal Trends ◽  
Sample Unit ◽  
The Third ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractIn Nova Scotia one leaf cluster with an adjoining 1 inch of twig taken from the inside of each of 10 apple trees replicated four times is an adequate sample unit to measure the density of the brown mite.The brown mite has one generation with a partial second in some orchards and one with a partial second and partial third in others. The first generation adults in the bivoltine and trivoltine populations lay summer eggs on the leaves and twigs, and diapause eggs on tin twigs. The second generation adults in the bivoltine populations lay only diapause eggs; in the trivoltine populations they lay both summer and diapause eggs. The adults of the third generation lay only diapause eggs.The brown mite is found on both the leaves and woody parts of the tree. In orchards with bivoltine populations the proportion of mites on leaves reached a peak of 80% by mid-July, but thereafter gradually decreased to 10% by the end of August. However, in orchards with trivoltine populations the proportion of mites on leaves reached a peak of 80 to 90% by mid-July, remained constant until mid-August, and thereafter decreased to approximately 40% by the end of August.The number of diapause eggs laid by adults of each generation in both the bivoltine and trivoltine populations varies widely. The eggs are deposited on the trunk as well as on the branches, with the heaviest deposition in the central area of the tree. The diapause eggs laid by adults of the first generation are the last to hatch and those laid by the third generation are the first to hatch the following spring.The factors responsible for the differences in the number of generations and in the number of diapause eggs laid are unknown.

Isotopic-geochemical features of water-rock system by the example of Verkh-Tarskoe oil field

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyudmila G. Vakulenko ◽  
◽  
Dmitry A. Novikov ◽  
Ostap D. Nikolenko ◽  
Fedor F. Dultsev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Narrow Range ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Isotopic Ratios ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Rock System ◽  
Authigenic Minerals ◽  
The Third ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
Aquifer Complex ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The first data of a comprehensive study of the isotope-geochemical features of the water-rock system are presented on the example of the Yu 1 horizon of the Verkh-Tarsk oil field. It was established that the reservoir waters of the developed deposits are similar in the isotopic ratios and located in the same area with the waters of the Apt-Alb-Cenomanian aquifer complex (an agent for flooding). In the cement of silt-sandy rocks among the authigenic minerals most widely represented by calcite, three generations of it were established. A narrow range of δ 13 C values was revealed in the analysis of the δ 13 C - δ 18 О isotope pair. In waters it ranges from -10.5 to -9.1 ‰, and in calcites of the third generation from -10.7 to -9.1 ‰.

Some Determinants of Individual Differences in the Behaviour of Children of Parentally Deprived Parents

1988 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Sigal ◽  
Jana Meislova ◽  
Joseph Beltempo ◽  
Daniel Silver
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Survey Instrument ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Marital Problems ◽  
Professional Help ◽  
The Third ◽  
Parental Background ◽  
Children’S Behaviour ◽  
First And Second Generation

Parents who had been placed in an orphanage as children rated the behaviour of all their children who were between the ages of 6–18 years on a children's behaviour survey instrument. All families were intact and the parents had not requested professional help for marital problems. A significant number of relationships were found between parental background variables and higher reported levels of conflict with siblings and with parents, dependent-unassertive behaviour, and undemandingness in the children. Although sampling difficulties preclude generalization, the results suggest that repercussion of events in the lives of the first and second generation that are usually pathogenic may be seen in the third generation, even when the second generation may not be grossly adversely affected. These events most frequently related to individual differences in the third generation in the area of undercontrol of aggression directed toward parents and siblings.

Utzon

2003 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-186
Author(s):  
Richard Weston
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Le Corbusier ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
The Third ◽  
Theoretical Position ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Acoustic Separation ◽  
Mies Van Der Rohe

It has taken a long time to be able to assess Jørn Utzon's importance. Until the end of the twentieth century, the architect described by Sigfried Giedion as the most important of the ‘third generation’ hardly appeared in its literature. By contrast we had no such problem with Le Corbusier: there were the Oeuvres Complètes. It was easy to consult any building, indeed sketch, and along the way to be thoroughly coerced into his theoretical position. His massive and megalomaniac contribution to the last century could be studied first through L'Esprit Nouveau, the avant-garde magazine which promulgated him – ‘17.23, 2me février, 1926, Grande Pensée de L-C …’ and so forth – and later through the archives and sketchbooks. Wright suffered from too many publications. After the Wasmuth Portfolio of 1910 there was no single, accessible reference to his huge output: his theory tended to the verbose, and he was devious in concealing his own sources, most especially his debt to Japan. Mies van der Rohe wrote little and was famously gnomic; his buildings supplied his ‘text’. The so-called second generation, Aalto and Kahn, were well served in terms of publication of their work. The former's theoretical position took much posthumous teasing-out by critics to become widely understood. He could overcome people's ignorance of Finnish – for example, by his 1961 definition ‘acoustic separation is kilograms’ and by his stupefied reaction to the question of what module he used: ‘a millimetre, more or less!’ – but he wrote little.

scholarly journals Differential diagnosis of hyperthyroidism with highly sensitive assay of blood TTH: clinical review and practical recommendations for use in Russia and USA

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
J. Figge ◽  
G. A. Gerasimov
Keyword(s):  
Second Generation ◽  
Joint Venture ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Almost All

Highly sensitive methods for determining the level of TSH, carried out using test kits of the second and third generation, make it possible to differentiate with high accuracy the normal and subnormal levels of TSH in the blood and are currently widely used to examine patients with thyroid pathology. These methods have been used for a long time in clinical practice in the United States of America, and recently they are also increasingly used in Russia. The level of TSH below normal values ​​is determined in almost all cases of hyperthyroidism (with the exception of cases of TSH-secreting pituitary adenoma or resistance of the pituitary to thyroid hormones), which makes it possible to do without additional testing with tyroliberin (TRH). Methods for determining second generation TSH usually have a lower sensitivity limit of about 0.1 mU/L. When using the third generation methods, it is possible to accurately determine the level of TSH up to 0.01 mU/L. The fourth generation methods, which are still under development, will have a lower limit of determination of 0.001 mU/L, but they are unlikely to be used for routine clinical studies in the near future. At the Endocrinology Research Center of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences in Moscow, third-generation methods are currently being used for routine clinical research (the Amerlight system, produced in Russia by the Amerkard joint venture). In addition to this system, other test systems of both domestic and foreign production are also available in Russia. In the USA, methods for determining TTG of the second and third generation are used. Third-generation systems are noticeably more expensive than second-generation systems. Given that in most patients with hyperthyroidism, the TSH level is in the range of less than 0.1 mU/L, methods for determining the third generation are more preferable. In general, the normal level of TSH in the blood of individuals in a state of euthyroidism is from 0.5 to 5.0 mU/L, although there are some interlaboratory differences in the standards for the level of TSH.

scholarly journals Parameters of the seasonal cycle of Corythucha arcuata (Say, 1832) (Heteroptera: Tingidae) in the plains and foothills of the Northwestern Caucasus

2019 ◽  
pp. 101-128
Author(s):  
В.И. Щуров ◽  
А.С. Замотайлов
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
The Third ◽  
Female Immigrant ◽  
Northwestern Caucasus

Развитие первой генерации Corythucha arcuata в предгорьях и низкогорьях Северо-Западного Кавказа начинается в первых числах мая. При нижнем пороге пост-диапаузного развития имаго +11°С и при естественной длине дня ей требуется не менее 43 суток (аккумуляция 333-404 гр.-дн.). Гибель перезимовавших самок в этой зоне наблюдается к концу июня, совпадая с сокращением общей доли самок до 2-7%. В высокогорьях перезимовавшие имаго расселяются и в июне, доживая до июля на ивах и березах. Пик выхода имаго первого поколения приходится на конец июня. Массовая яйцекладка самками первого поколения (начало второго поколения) предваряется миграцией оплодотворенных самок на новые кормовые растения. Развитие преимагиальных стадий второго поколения (без смены кормовых растений) протекает с середины июня. Метаморфоз длится не менее 16-23 суток (361-430 гр.-дн.). Пик выхода имаго второго поколения в конце июля совпадает с массовым расселением, в котором всегда преобладают самки. Третье поколение развивается в августе. Метаморфоз занимает 19-28 суток (329-350 гр.-дн.). Пик выхода имаго третьего поколения приходится на первую декаду сентября. Его предваряет более ранний выход самцов, определяемый по их локальным и региональным миграциями с конца августа. Четвертое поколение является факультативным и развивается (без смены кормовых растений) с конца августа до третьей декады сентября. Развитие преимагиальных стадий этого поколения занимает не менее 26 суток (378 гр.-дн.). Последняя миграция клопов наблюдается в начале-середине октября. Самки третьего поколения первыми уходят в места зимовки в предгорьях и низкогорьях уже в середине сентября. Здесь, в дубовых лесах, зимуют имаго третьего и четвертого поколений обычно с преобладанием самок. В среднегорьях с ними могут зимовать особи-иммигранты второго поколения, но с преобладанием самцов, сохраняющимся с сентября. Development of the first generation of Corythucha arcuata in the climate of the foothills and lowlands of the Northwest Caucasus starts in the early May. With a natural day length and the threshold for post-diapause imago development of 11 °C, it requires 333-404 degree-days and at least 43 days. The death of the overwintered females in this zone is observed by the end of June, coinciding with the reduction of the total portion of females to 2-7%. In the highlands imagoes are dispersing in June as well, surviving until July on willows and birch trees. Peak of the first-generation imago outcome occurs at the end of June. Migration of fertilized females of the first generation to new forage plants is followed by mass egg laying (i.e. beginning of the second generation). During the formation of large nests in the foothills, the flight of bugs is observed even in treeless highlands. Development of the preadult stages of the second generation (without changing feed plants) takes place starting at mid-June. Metamorphosis requires 361-430 degree-days and takes at least 16-23 days. The peak of the emergence of the second generation imagoes at the end of July coincides with their dispersal, which is also dominated by females. The third generation develops in August. It requires 329-350 degree-days and takes 19-28 days. The peak of the emergence of the G3 imagoes falls on the first third of September. It is preceded by anearlier emergence of males, determined by their mass local and regional migrations since the end of August. The fourth generation is obligated and develops (without changing feed plants) from the end of August to the end of September. It requires at least 378 degree-days and takes at least 26 days. Late nymphs resulting from female immigrant of the third generation (on new trees) give imagoes only by mid-October. The last migration of bugs is observed in early to mid-October. Imagoes of the third and fourth generations with the predominance of females hibernate in the oak forests of the foothills and low-mountain. In the midlands they may be accompanied by the overwintering immigrants of the second generation, with the predominance of males, formed in September.

scholarly journals THE DIFFERENCE PATTERN OF SUCCESSION BETWEEN SECOND GENERATION AND THRID GENERATION FAMILY BUSINESS IN INDONESIA (A REVIEW OF THE MEDIUM-SIZE FAMILY BUSINESS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-154
Author(s):  
Christina Whidya Utami
Keyword(s):  
Family Business ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Family System ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Family ◽  
Generation Family ◽  
Business Succession ◽  
Family Business Succession

The purpose of this study is to find out whether there are differences on pattern of succession between the second and the third generation of family business in Indonesia. Research Design/ Methodology/ Approach: A cross sectional and comparative research design were used in this study, while the data survey was conducted to 41 respondents from the second-generation group and 48 respondents from the third-generation family business; the businesses has run for 5 to 50 years and were categorized as medium size family business. The study used multiple regression test via SPSS to test the hypothesis. Findings: In family business led by the second-generation successor, only personality system affects the family business succession. On the other hand, in family business led by the third-generation, personality, ownership, family, and management system variables affect the success of the family business; meanwhile, family system does not find to affect the family business succession. Research Limitation/ Implication: This study investigates pattern of succession in family business including personality system, ownership system, family system and management system. This study can suggest a solution in the regeneration process of a family business in order to maintain the continuity of the business. limitation: There are some biases found on family’s perspective of the assessment, and the study only focus on medium-size family business. Practical Implications: A right amount of focus on pattern of succession will help the second and the third generation of the family to manifest in business succession. Exploring the second and the third-generation perspectives in regard to succession pattern is the key to maintain the continuity of the family business. Originality/ value: This study offers a pattern of succession from various perspectives, including personal, ownership, family, and management, as well as the relationship to the long-term success of the family business.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document