scholarly journals CELL BIOLOGY SYMPOSIUM: METABOLIC RESPONSES TO STRESS: FROM ANIMAL TO CELL: Poor maternal nutrition during gestation: effects on offspring whole-body and tissue-specific metabolism in livestock species1,2

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 3142-3152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen E Govoni ◽  
Sarah A Reed ◽  
Steven A Zinn
Keyword(s):  
Cell Biology ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Offspring Growth ◽  
Multigenerational Effects

Abstract Poor maternal nutrition, both restricted-feeding and overfeeding, during gestation can negatively affect offspring growth, body composition, and metabolism. The effects are observed as early as the prenatal period and often persist through postnatal growth and adulthood. There is evidence of multigenerational effects demonstrating the long-term negative impacts on livestock production. We and others have demonstrated that poor maternal nutrition impairs muscle growth, increases adipose tissue, and negatively affects liver function. In addition to altered growth, changes in key metabolic factors, increased glucose concentrations, insulin insensitivity, and hyperleptinemia are observed during the postnatal period. Furthermore, there is recent evidence of altered metabolism in specific tissues (e.g., muscle, adipose, and liver) and stem cells. The systemic and local changes in metabolism demonstrate the importance of determining the mechanism(s) by which maternal diet programs offspring growth and metabolism in an effort to develop novel management practices to improve the efficiency of growth and health in these offspring.

scholarly journals Poor maternal nutrition during gestation in sheep alters prenatal muscle growth and development in offspring

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C Gauvin ◽  
Sambhu M Pillai ◽  
Sarah A Reed ◽  
John R Stevens ◽  
Maria L Hoffman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Triceps Brachii ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Time Point

Abstract Poor maternal nutrition during gestation can have immediate and life-long negative effects on offspring growth and health. In livestock, this leads to reduced product quality and increased costs of production. Based on previous evidence that both restricted- and overfeeding during gestation decrease offspring muscle growth and alter metabolism postnatally, we hypothesized that poor maternal nutrition during gestation would reduce the growth and development of offspring muscle prenatally, reduce the number of myogenic progenitor cells, and result in changes in the global expression of genes involved in prenatal muscle development and function. Ewes were fed a control (100% NRC)-, restricted (60% NRC)-, or overfed (140% NRC) diet beginning on day 30 of gestation until days 45, 90, and 135 of gestation or until parturition. At each time point fetuses and offspring (referred to as CON, RES, and OVER) were euthanized and longissimus dorsi (LM), semitendinosus (STN), and triceps brachii (TB) were collected at each time point for histological and RNA-Seq analysis. In fetuses and offspring, we did not observe an effect of diet on cross-sectional area (CSA), but CSA increased over time (P < 0.05). At day 90, RES and OVER had reduced secondary:primary muscle fiber ratios in LM (P < 0.05), but not in STN and TB. However, in STN and TB percent PAX7-positive cells were decreased compared with CON (P < 0.05). Maternal diet altered LM mRNA expression of 20 genes (7 genes downregulated in OVER and 2 downregulated in RES compared with CON; 5 downregulated in OVER compared with RES; false discovery rate (FDR)-adj. P < 0.05). A diet by time interaction was not observed for any genes in the RNA-Seq analysis; however, 2,205 genes were differentially expressed over time between days 90 and 135 and birth (FDR-adj. P < 0.05). Specifically, consistent with increased protein accretion, changes in muscle function, and increased metabolic activity during myogenesis, changes in genes involved in cell cycle, metabolic processes, and protein synthesis were observed during fetal myogenesis. In conclusion, poor maternal nutrition during gestation contributes to altered offspring muscle growth during early fetal development which persists throughout the fetal stage. Based on muscle-type-specific effects of maternal diet, it is important to evaluate more than one type of muscle to fully elucidate the effects of maternal diet on offspring muscle development.

PSIII-24 Poor gestational nutrition impacts sheep offspring growth but not feed efficiency

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 311-311
Author(s):  
Nicole M Tillquist ◽  
Amanda S Reiter ◽  
Mia Y Kawaida ◽  
Brandon I Smith ◽  
Sarah A Reed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Offspring Growth ◽  
Pelleted Feed ◽  
Rapid City

Abstract The objective was to determine the effects of poor maternal nutrition during gestation on growth and feed efficiency of offspring. We hypothesized that body weights (BW) would decrease and residual feed intake (RFI) would increase (reduced feed efficiency) in offspring of restricted- and over-fed ewes. Forty-six multiparous Dorset ewes pregnant with twins were fed 100%, 60% or 140% of NRC requirements from d 30 of gestation until parturition. Offspring are referred to as CON (n = 10 ewes; 12 rams), RES (n = 13 ewes; 21 rams), and OVER (n = 16 ewes; 13 rams), respectively. Lamb BW were measured weekly from birth to d 28 and biweekly until d 252 of age. Starting at d 167±13.6, daily intake of a complete pelleted feed was recorded using a Super SmartFeed (C-lock Inc., Rapid City, SD) over a 77 d- feeding period. Average BW were taken two days before, at mid-point, and two days after the feeding trial period and RFI was calculated for each animal. Rams were euthanized at d 284±12 and body morphometrics, loin eye area (LEA), back fat thickness, and organ weights were collected. From birth to d 252, ram lambs were 5.4 kg heavier (P < 0.001) than ewe lambs. Control ewe lambs were 4.3 kg heavier than RES and OVER (P < 0.05) from birth to 9 months and CON rams were 4.7 kg heavier (P < 0.01) than RES. Rams (-0.17) were more efficient than ewes (0.23; P < 0.01); however, no dietary treatment difference was observed (P ≥ 0.57). No differences in muscle mass, LEA, and adipose deposition were observed (P ≥ 0.41). These data indicate that poor maternal diet during gestation impacts offspring growth but not RFI. Further investigation is warranted to determine if differences in BW are a result of metabolic alterations impacted by poor maternal nutrition during gestation.

scholarly journals PSI-24 Poor maternal nutrition and gestational age affect oxidative stress in offspring muscle

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 251-251
Author(s):  
Helen R Iannitti ◽  
Brittany A Dias ◽  
Amanda K Jones ◽  
Dominique E Martin ◽  
Sambhu Pillai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Lipid And Protein Oxidation

Abstract Poor maternal nutrition during gestation decreases growth, increases lipid accumulation, and influences metabolism in offspring muscle. Oxidative stress is associated with lipid and protein damage and changes in metabolic function during fetal development which can persist postnatally. We hypothesized that poor maternal nutrition during gestation would increase oxidative stress in offspring muscle. To test this, 47 individually housed pregnant ewes received diets containing 60% (restricted-fed), 100% (control-fed), or 140% (over-fed) of National Research Council requirements for TDN beginning on day 30 ± 0.2 of gestation. Ewes were euthanized and offspring longissimus muscles (LM) were collected at d 90 or 135 of gestation, or within 24 h of birth (n = 8 to 14 offspring per maternal diet per gestational day). Offspring are referred to as RES, CON, and OVER, respectively. Glutathione, malondialdehyde, and protein carbonyl concentrations were determined in LM homogenates using commercial assays. Data were analyzed for effects of maternal diet, day of gestation, and their interaction using the glimmix procedure in SAS. Offspring born to over-fed ewes had reduced glutathione concentrations compared with offspring born to control-fed and restricted-fed ewes (OVER: 1.82 ± 0.30, CON: 5.58 ± 0.29, RES: 5.66 ± 0.29, M/g; P < 0.001). Malondialdehyde concentration increased in offspring LM from d 90 to d 135 and birth (d 90: 9.48 ± 2.2, d 135: 16.7 ± 2.1, birth: 20.9 ± 1.8 M/g; P < 0.001). Protein carbonylation was increased at d 90 compared with d 135 and birth (d 90: 8.05 ± 0.80, d 135: 5.68 ± 0.83, birth: 3.82 ± 0.84 g/mg; P = 0.003). Thus, gestational age influences lipid and protein oxidation. Poor maternal nutrition affects oxidative status in ovine offspring LM, which may negatively affect offspring muscle growth and development.

scholarly journals Does broodstock nutritional history affect the response of progeny to different first-feeding diets? A whole-body transcriptomic study of rainbow trout alevins

2016 ◽  
Vol 115 (12) ◽  
pp. 2079-2092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviana Lazzarotto ◽  
Geneviève Corraze ◽  
Laurence Larroquet ◽  
David Mazurais ◽  
Françoise Médale
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
First Feeding ◽  
Acid Protein ◽  
Diet History ◽  
Feeding Diets

AbstractThe whole-body transcriptome of trout alevins was characterised to investigate the effects of long-term feeding of rainbow trout broodstock females a diet free of fishmeal and fish oil on the metabolic capacities of progeny. Effects were studied before first feeding and after 3 weeks of feeding diets containing different proportions of marine and plant ingredients. Feeding alevins plant-based diets resulted in lower fish body weight, irrespective of maternal nutritional history. No differences in whole-body lipids were found between treatments, and the tissue fatty acid profile strongly reflected that of the respective broodstock or first-feeding diets. We showed that the maternal diet history did not significantly affect expressions of any genes before the first feeding. Interestingly, we found an effect of maternal nutritional history on gene expression in alevins after 3 weeks of feeding. The major differences in the transcriptome of alevins from plant-based diet-fed females compared with those from commercial-fed females were as follows: (i) down-regulation of genes involved in muscle growth/contraction and (ii) up-regulation of genes involved in carbohydrate and energy metabolism related to the delay in growth/development observed with plant-based diets. Our findings also showed an effect of the first-feeding diets, irrespective of maternal nutritional history. Specifically, the introduction of plant ingredients resulted in the up-regulation of genes involved in amino acid/protein and cholesterol metabolism and in differences in the expressions of genes related to carbohydrate metabolism. Information gained through this study opens up avenues for further reduction of marine ingredients in trout diets, including the whole rearing cycle.

0697 Effects of poor maternal nutrition during gestation on offspring prenatal muscle growth

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (suppl_5) ◽  
pp. 333-334
Author(s):  
S. M. Pillai ◽  
A. K. Jones ◽  
M. L. Hoffman ◽  
K. K. McFadden ◽  
S. A. Zinn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Muscle Growth

Lifestyle, Maternal Nutrition and Healthy Pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-140
Author(s):  
Alfonso Mate ◽  
Claudia Reyes-Goya ◽  
Álvaro Santana-Garrido ◽  
Carmen M. Vázquez
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Psychosocial Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Healthy Pregnancy

: Healthy lifestyle habits spanning from preconception to postpartum are considered as a major safeguard for achieving successful pregnancies and for the prevention of gestational diseases. Among preconception priorities established by the World Health Organization (WHO) are healthy diet and nutrition, weight management, physical activity, planned pregnancy and physical, mental and psychosocial health. Most studies covering the topic of healthy pregnancies focus on maternal diet because obesity increases the risks for adverse perinatal outcomes, including gestational diabetes mellitus, large for gestational age newborns, or preeclampsia. Thus, foods rich in vegetables, essential and polyunsaturated fats and fibre-rich carbohydrates should be promoted especially in overweight, obese or diabetic women. An adequate intake of micronutrients (e.g. iron, calcium, folate, vitamin D and carotenoids) is also crucial to support pregnancy and breastfeeding. Moderate physical activity throughout pregnancy improves muscle tone and function, besides decreasing the risk of preeclampsia, gestational diabesity (i.e. diabetes associated with obesity) and postpartum overweight. Intervention studies claim that an average of 30 min of exercise/day contributes to long-term benefits for maternal overall health and wellbeing. Other factors such as microbiome modulation, behavioural strategies (e.g. smoking cessation, anxiety/stress reduction and sleep quality), maternal genetics and age, social class and education might also influence the maternal quality of life. These factors contribute to ensure a healthy pregnancy, or at least to reduce the risk of adverse maternal and foetal outcomes during pregnancy and later in life.

Differential Effects of Maternal Diets on Birth Outcomes and Metabolic Parameters in Rats After Ethanol Consumption during Pregnancy

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Yidi Wang ◽  
Bradley A. Feltham ◽  
Michael N. A. Eskin ◽  
Miyoung Suh
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Nutrition Intervention ◽  
Metabolic Parameters ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Metabolic Outcomes

Abstract Maternal nutrition status plays an important role in the development of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), but its direct evidence is lacking. This study compared a standard chow with a semi-purified energy dense (E-dense) diet on birth and metabolic outcomes in rats after ethanol (EtOH) consumption during pregnancy. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into four groups: chow (n=6), chow+EtOH (20% v/v) (n=7), E-dense (n=6), and E-dense+EtOH (n=8). Birth outcomes including litter size, body and organ weights were collected. Metabolic parameters were measured in dams and pups at postnatal day (PD) 7. Maternal EtOH consumption decreased body weights (p <0.0001) and litter sizes (p <0.05) in chow-fed dams. At PD7, pups born to dams fed E-dense diet had higher body (p <0.002) and liver weights (p <0.0001). These pups also had higher plasma total cholesterol (p <0.0001), triacyclglycerol (p <0.003) and alanine aminotransferase (p <0.03) compared to those from chow-fed dams. Dams fed E-dense diet had higher plasma total- (p <0.0001) and HDL-cholesterol (p <0.0001) and lower glucose (p <0.0001). EtOH increased total cholesterol (p <0.03) and glucose (p <0.05) only in dams fed the E-dense diet. Maternal exposure to E-dense diet attenuated prenatal EtOH-induced weight loss and produced different metabolic outcomes in both dams and pups. While the long-lasting effects of these outcomes are unknown, this study highlights the importance of maternal diet quality for maternal health and infant growth, and suggests that maternal nutrition intervention may be a potential target for alleviating FASD.

Effect of an interval rehabilitation program with home-based, vibration-assisted training on the development of muscle and bone in children with cerebral palsy – an observational study

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1083-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Duran ◽  
Kyriakos Martakis ◽  
Christina Stark ◽  
Leonie Schafmeyer ◽  
Mirko Rehberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽  
One Year ◽  
Intensive Rehabilitation

AbstractObjectivesIn children with cerebral palsy (CP), the most common cause of physical impairment in childhood, less muscle and bone growth has been reported, when compared with typically developing children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an intensive rehabilitation program including physiotherapy in combination with 6 months of home-based, vibration-assisted training on muscle and bone growth in children with CP.MethodsWe included children with CP, who participated in a rehabilitation program utilizing whole-body vibration (WBV). Muscle mass was quantified by appendicular lean mass index (App-LMI) and bone mass by total-body-less-head bone mineral content (TBLH-BMC) assessed by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at the beginning of rehabilitation and one year later. To assess the functional muscle-bone unit, the relation of TBLH-BMC to TBLH lean body mass (TBLH-LBM) was used.ResultsThe study population included 128 children (52 females, mean age 11.9 ± 2.7). App-LMI assessed in kg/m2 increased significantly after rehabilitation. The age-adjusted Z-score for App-LMI showed no significant change. TBLH-BMC assessed in gram increased significantly. The Z-scores for TBLH-BMC decreased lesser than expected by the evaluation of the cross-sectional data at the beginning of rehabilitation. The parameter $\frac{TBLH-BMC}{TBLH-LBM}$ did not change relevantly after 12 months.ConclusionsMuscle growth and to a lesser extent bone growth could be increased in children with CP. The intensive rehabilitation program including WBV seemed to have no direct effect on the bone, but the observed anabolic effect on the bone, may only been mediated through the muscle.

An imbalance in the methionine content of the maternal diet reduces postnatal growth in the rat

Metabolism ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 763-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D. Rees ◽  
Susan M. Hay ◽  
Morven Cruickshank
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Methionine Content

Anemic Hypoxemia Reduces Myoblast Proliferation and Muscle Growth in Late Gestation Fetal Sheep

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Rozance ◽  
Stephanie R Wesolowski ◽  
Sonnet S. Jonker ◽  
Laura D Brown
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Myoblast Differentiation ◽  
Fetal Sheep ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Growth ◽  
Myoblast Proliferation

Fetal skeletal muscle growth requires myoblast proliferation, differentiation, and fusion into myofibers in addition to protein accretion for fiber hypertrophy. Oxygen is an important regulator of this process. Therefore, we hypothesized that fetal anemic hypoxemia would inhibit skeletal muscle growth. Studies were performed in late gestation fetal sheep that were bled to anemic, and therefore hypoxemic, conditions beginning at ~125 days of gestation (term = 148 days) for 9 ± 0 days (n=19) and compared to control fetuses (n=16). A metabolic study was performed on gestational day ~134 to measure fetal protein kinetic rates. Myoblast proliferation and myofiber area were determined in biceps femoris (BF), tibialis anterior (TA), and flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) muscles. mRNA expression of muscle regulatory factors was determined in BF. Fetal arterial hematocrit and oxygen content were 28% and 52% lower, respectively, in anemic fetuses. Fetal weight and whole-body protein synthesis, breakdown, and accretion rates were not different between groups. Hindlimb length, however, was 7% shorter in anemic fetuses. TA and FDS muscles weighed less and FDS myofiber area was smaller in anemic fetuses compared to controls. The percentage of Pax7+ myoblasts that expressed Ki67 was lower in BF and tended to be lower in FDS from anemic fetuses indicating reduced myoblast proliferation. There was less MYOD and MYF6 mRNA expression in anemic vs. control BF consistent with reduced myoblast differentiation. These results indicate that fetal anemic hypoxemia reduced muscle growth. We speculate that fetal muscle growth may be improved by strategies that increase oxygen availability.

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