scholarly journals PSIII-29 Effects of late gestational tall fescue forage system on spring-calving beef cow performance, circulating metabolites, and colostrum quality

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 258-258
Author(s):  
Emma L Stephenson ◽  
Meera C Heller ◽  
Ann L Kenny ◽  
Allison M Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Serum Urea ◽  
Beef Cow ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Forage System ◽  
Cow Performance

Abstract Multiparous cows [n = 56; 639 ± 73 (SD) kg initial BW; 5.3 ± 0.4 initial BCS; 5.9 ± 3.0 yr of age; February 16, 2016 average calving date] were allocated by BW, BCS, age, and expected calving date to strip-graze endophyte-infected stockpiled tall fescue (STF; n = 4 pastures; 12.5% CP, 59.5% NDF; DM basis) or consume ad libitum endophyte-infected tall fescue hay (n = 4 uncovered drylots; 7.5% CP, 65.3% NDF; DM basis) for the last 75.0 ± 11.9 d of gestation. At 13.5 ± 1.6 d pre-calving, STF cows were moved to drylots and fed tall fescue haylage (12.6% CP, 61.7% NDF; DM basis). Effects of forage system were included in the model with pen as experimental unit. For gestational metabolites, effects of forage system, day, and their interaction were included with day as a repeated measure. Forage system did not affect (P ≥ 0.35) cow BW. Cows fed STF had greater (P ≤ 0.06) BCS than hay-fed cows at d 32 and 62 of study. Forage system did not affect (P ≥ 0.12) gestational plasma glucose or triglycerides. Serum non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) were greater (P ≤ 0.005) in hay-fed cows at d 32 and 82 of study and less (P = 0.02) at d 62 of study. After study initiation, serum urea N was greater (P ≤ 0.002) in STF-fed cows than hay-fed cows. At colostrum sampling (6.8 ± 0.9 h postpartum), forage system did not affect (P ≥ 0.10) circulating NEFA, glucose, or triglycerides. Cows fed STF had greater (P ≤ 0.002) serum and colostrum urea N than hay-fed cows. Forage system did not affect (P ≥ 0.17) colostrum protein, lactose, triglyceride, or immunoglobulin concentrations. In conclusion, grazing STF improved cow BCS and altered cow metabolic status but did not affect colostrum quality.

Effects of growth hormone-releasing factors and cottonseed meal on hormones and metabolites in plasma from lambs fed lucerne chaff ad libitum

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
RD Sainz ◽  
BJ Hosking ◽  
FJ Hart ◽  
GSG Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Ad Libitum

This study was part of an experiment on the effects of cottonseed meal (CSM) and growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) on growth in lambs fed lucerne chaff. Forty-eight crossbred lambs were fed lucerne chaff ad libitum, alone or with a cottonseed meal supplement (CSM; 300 g/day). Eight lambs from each group were injected twice daily with recombinant or synthetic GRF (rGRF and sGRF respectively; 30 8g per kg body weight/day) or excipient only for 28 or 30 days. Jugular blood samples were obtained on days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28. On day 29, blood samples were taken from selected lambs (n = 2/group) at 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 160 and 240 min after injection. Supplementation of lucerne chaff with CSM generally increased glucose and urea concentrations in plasma, reflecting improved energy and protein status. However, concentrations of growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin were unaffected by CSM, as were plasma proteins, triacylglycerols and non-esterified fatty acids. Injection of rGRF and sGRF stimulated secretion of growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin. Peak GH concentrations (20 min) following injection of GRF appeared to be higher in lambs fed CSM than in those receiving lucerne chaff alone. In contrast, maximal concentrations of IGF-1 were seen after 14 days of treatment. These changes were accompanied by increased plasma glucose, with no changes in triacylglycerols, non-esterified fatty acids and protein. Plasma urea was reduced by GRF, indicating that amino acids were diverted away from catabolism towards protein synthesis. These two sources of GRF were very similar in their endocrine and metabolic effects. This confirms similar observations regarding their effects on growth performance and carcass composition.

scholarly journals 235 Effects of rapamycin during an acute heat stress exposure in growing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 117-117
Author(s):  
Edith J Mayorga ◽  
Erin A Horst ◽  
Brady M Goetz ◽  
Sonia Rodríguez-Jiménez ◽  
Megan A Abeyta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Acute Heat Stress ◽  
Ad Libitum

Abstract Objectives were to determine the effects of rapamycin on biomarkers of metabolism and inflammation during acute heat stress (HS) in growing pigs. Crossbred barrows (n=32; 63.5±0.8 BW) where blocked by BW and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 therapeutic-environmental treatments: 1) thermoneutral (TN) control (n=8; TNCtl), 2) TN and rapamycin (n=8; TNRapa), 3) HS control (n=8; HSCtl), or 4) HS and rapamycin (n=8; HSRapa). The trial consisted of 2 experimental periods (P). During P1 (10d), pigs were fed ad libitum and housed in TN conditions (21.3±0.01°C). During P2 (24h), HSCtl and HSRapa pigs were exposed to constant HS (35.5±0.1°C); while TNCtl and TNRapa remained in TN conditions. Rapamycin (0.15 mg/kg BW) was orally administered twice daily (0700 and 1800 h) during P1 and P2. HS increased rectal temperature, skin temperature, and respiration rate compared to TN counterparts (1.28°C, 8.68°C, and 87 bpm, respectively; P< 0.01). Feed intake (FI) markedly decreased in HS relative to TN treatments (64%; P< 0.01). Additionally, pigs exposed to HS lost BW (4 kg; P< 0.01), while TN pigs gained BW (0.7 kg; P< 0.01). Overall, circulating white blood cells decreased in HS compared to TN pigs (19%; P=0.01). Circulating neutrophils did not differ across treatments; however, lymphocytes, monocytes, and basophils decreased in HS relative to TN pigs (23, 33, and 38%, respectively; P≤0.07). Despite marked changes in phenotypic parameters, circulating glucose and blood urea nitrogen did not differ among treatments (P >0.10). However, insulin:FI increased in HS relative to TN treatments (P=0.04). Plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) increased in HS relative to TN treatments; although this difference was driven by increased NEFA in HSCtl compared to TN and HSRapa pigs (P< 0.01). In summary, pigs exposed to HS had altered phenotypic, metabolic, and leukocyte responses; however, rapamycin administration had little to no effect on any of the variables measured.

178 Grazing Toxic Endophyte-infected Tall Fescue Alters Monocyte Abundance and White Blood Cell Expression of Prolactin and NF-kB Pathway Genes in Beef Steers

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 95-95
Author(s):  
Cecilia Winfrey ◽  
Merlin D Lindemann ◽  
James Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Sodium Selenite ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Mrna Content ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake ◽  
Cell Expression

Abstract The hypotheses tested were that (a) summer-long (84 d) grazing of endophyte-infected tall fescue (TE) would alter the count of circulating leukocytes (WBC) and WBC expression of key prolactin and NF-kB pathway genes and (b) that ad libitum intake of an 1:1 blend (MIX) sodium selenite (ISe) and SELPLEX vs ISe in a vitamin-mineral mix (V-M, 27 ppm Se) would ameliorate negative TE effects. Sixteen TE-naïve beef steers depleted of Se were randomly assigned to ad libitum consumption of ISe vs MIX for 35 d. Within Se-form treatments, 2 steers (ISe = 316±37 kg, MIX = 314±39 kg) were randomly assigned to graze each of 4, 2-acre TE paddocks for 84 d and had ad libitum access to their respective V-M. Paddock was the experimental unit (n = 4). The MIXED procedure of SAS was used to assess effect of grazing TE (d 0 vs 84), Se-form (ISe vs MIX), and their interaction on clinical parameters WBC, and relative mRNA content (RT-PCR) in blood. Whole blood Se was 24% greater (P < 0.01) for MIX steers and decreased (P < 0.01) 34% by d 84. Serum prolactin decreased 88% by d 84 and was 98% greater (P < 0.01) for MIX steers on d 84. Monocytes decreased (P < 0.01) 47% with TE and were 67% lower (P = 0.04) in MIX steers. Grazing of TE altered mRNA content of CISH, STA5B, PPIB, AGAP2, and SPRLR; and IL-8, RELA, NFKBIA, TLR, IKBKG, ZAP70, and LCK; of the prolactin (P ≤ 0.05) and NF-kB (P ≤ 0.04) pathways, respectively. In contrast, Se form had no effect (P ≥ 0.07) on mRNA content. Summer-long consumption of TE by steers altered monocyte numbers and expression of prolactin and NF-kB genes, but ad libitum intake of MIX Se forms did not ameliorate these effects.

Effects of housing beef cow-calf pairs on drylot or pasture in the Midwest on production parameters and calf behavior through feedlot receiving

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan E Myerscough ◽  
Lucas T Neira ◽  
Keifer H Sexton ◽  
Lucas S Hofer ◽  
Keela M Trennepohl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Beef Cow ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Cow Calf ◽  
Cow Performance ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract The objectives were to analyze the effects of housing cow-calf pairs in drylots (DL) or pasture (PAST) on cow performance and reproduction as well as calf performance and behavior through feedlot receiving. Simmental × Angus (2 yr; 108/yr; 81 ± 15.3 d postpartum) spring-calving cows were stratified by age, body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS), and calf sex and allotted to 6 groups/yr. Groups were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: DL or PAST. Cows in DL were limit-fed at maintenance and calves had ad libitum access to the cow diet in an adjacent pen. Pairs on PAST were rotationally grazed and calves received creep ad libitum three weeks prior to weaning. On d 110 calves were fence-line weaned and behavior was observed on d 111 and 112. On d 116 calves were transported 272 kilometers to a feedlot for a 42-d receiving period. Behavior was evaluated again on d 117 and 118. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS except reproductive data which was analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure. Cows on DL had greater (P ≤ 0.01) BW and BCS at weaning. There were no differences (P ≥ 0.42) detected in reproductive data. Cows on DL had greater (P = 0.02) milk production. Calves on DL had greater BW (P ≤ 0.01) on d 55 and at weaning and greater preweaning average daily gain (ADG). There were treatment × time effects (P = 0.01) for lying and eating on d 111 and 112. More DL calves were eating in the morning and lying in the evening. More (P < 0.01) PAST calves were walking on d 111. Pasture calves vocalized more (P ≤ 0.01) on d 112. On d 117, more (P ≤ 0.05) pasture calves were lying and eating, and DL vocalized more. On d 118, treatment × time and treatment effects were detected (P ≤ 0.02) for lying and walking. More PAST calves were lying and more DL calves were walking. Drylot calves had greater (P ≤ 0.02) BW at the beginning and end of the receiving phase. Pasture calves had greater (P < 0.01) ADG and tended (P = 0.10) to have greater gain efficiency during feedlot receiving phase. In conclusion, housing cow-calf pairs in drylots improved BW, BCS, and milk production of cows but did not affect reproductive performance. Drylot calves had increased BW and ADG during the preweaning phase. Calf behavior at weaning and receiving was influenced by preweaning housing. Pasture calves had improved receiving phase ADG and feed efficiency but were still lighter than drylot calves after 42 d receiving phase.

scholarly journals PSI-18 Effects of supplementing polyunsaturated fatty acids during late gestation on performance of fall-calving cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 247-248
Author(s):  
Trenton L Black ◽  
Taoqi Shao ◽  
Frank A Ireland ◽  
Joshua C McCann ◽  
Daniel W Shike
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Pufa Supplement ◽  
Fall Calving

Abstract The objective was to determine the effects of supplementing calcium salts of PUFA or SFA + MUFA during late gestation on performance of fall-calving beef cows through calving. Mature, Simmental x Angus cows confirmed pregnant to a synchronized artificial insemination (AI) and fetal sexed were selected prior to the start of the experiment. At 200 d of gestation, cows (n = 96; BW = 603 ± 72 kg) were stratified by age, AI service sire, fetal sex and BW and allotted to 8 groups. Groups were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments (4 groups per treatment): SFA + MUFA (0.155 kg of EnerGII per cow per day on a DM basis) and PUFA (0.08 kg of Strata and 0.08 kg of Prequel per cow per day on a DM basis). The SFA + MUFA supplement included palmitic and oleic acid. The PUFA supplement included eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and linoleic acid. All cows grazed endophyte-infected tall fescue and were supplemented 2 kg DM per cow per d of soybean hulls for 78 d during late gestation in addition to their treatment supplement. Body condition score and BW were collected at trial initiation, during supplementation, before calving, and after calving. Pen was the experimental unit and BW, BCS, and calf BW were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. The BW and BCS at trial initiation, during supplementation, before calving, and after calving of the cows supplemented PUFA were not different (P ≥ 0.38) than the BW and BCS of cows supplemented SFA + MUFA. Calf birth BW from cows supplemented with PUFA were not different (P = 0.87) than calf birth BW from cows supplemented with SFA + MUFA. Supplementing cows PUFA during late gestation in fall-calving cows did not affect BW, BCS or calf birth BW.

scholarly journals 210 Effects of supplementing calcium salts of fatty acids during late gestation on beef cow performance and offspring pre-weaning performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 155-156
Author(s):  
Taoqi Shao ◽  
Lucas T Neira ◽  
Daniel W Shike
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Middle Point ◽  
Total N ◽  
Beef Cow ◽  
Cow Performance

Abstract Objectives were to investigate the effects of late-gestation supplementation of Ca salts of fatty acids to beef cows on cow performance and offspring pre-weaning growth performance. One hundred and ninety fall-calving, Angus Simmental cows were ranked by BW, BCS, and age. Cows were randomly assigned into 12 endophyte-infected, tall fescue pastures (4 pastures/treatment; 15–16 cows/pasture). Cows were fed an isocaloric supplement with soybean hulls mixed with: whole-shelled corn (CON), 155 g/cow/d of EnerGII (SFA/MUFA), or 40 g/cow/d of Strata 120 g/cow/d of Prequel (PUFA) during the last 83 4.9 d of gestation. Cow BW and BCS were measured at the initial, middle point, and end of supplementation, as well as at breeding and weaning. Milk yield was evaluated by weigh-suckle-weigh technique at 675.0 d postpartum. Steers were weaned at 174 5.0 d of age. Growth performance, milk, and blood parameters were analyzed with MIXED and reproductive data were analyzed with GLIMMIX procedures of SAS. The BW and BCS of the cows were not different (P 0.19) from trial initiation through weaning. Birth BW of the steers was not different (P = 0.62). The AI or overall pregnancy rates were not different (P 0.88). There was no difference (P 0.12) in milk yield or components. However, C15:0 and total n-3 fatty acids in milk from dams supplemented with PUFA was greater (P 0.05) than CON, while SFA/MUFA was intermediate and not different than the others. There was no difference (P = 0.83) for weaning BW of the steers. In conclusion, late-gestation supplementation of Ca salts of PUFA had no effect on cow BW, BCS, or milk yield, but increased total n-3 fatty acids in milk. Neither birth BW nor weaning BW of steers were affected by maternal fatty acid supplementation.

Elevated non-esterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate and their association with transition dairy cow performance

2013 ◽  
Vol 198 (3) ◽  
pp. 560-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica A.A. McArt ◽  
Daryl V. Nydam ◽  
Garrett R. Oetzel ◽  
Thomas R. Overton ◽  
Paula A. Ospina
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Cow Performance ◽  
Transition Dairy Cow

Effect of Propolis-Supplemented Diet on Body Composition and Endocrine Function of Adipose Tissue

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-221
Author(s):  
Maria Jesús Lisbona-González ◽  
Candela Reyes-Botella ◽  
Esther Muñoz-Soto ◽  
Maria Victoria Olmedo-Gaya, ◽  
Jorge Moreno-Fernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ and has central role in interaction with other organs or tissues while propolis can induce lipolysis. Therefore, the aim of this study is to provide detailed information about adipose tissue homeostasis modifications and body composition during propolis supplement consumption. Twenty male Wistar albino rats (8 weeks) were divided into two groups of 10 animals each and fed for 90 days with two different types of diets: standard for the control group (diet C) and standard diet + 2% propolis (diet P). Thyroid hormones did not show differences, while ghrelin and adiponectin decreased in the group that was fed propolis. Insulin, leptin, and non-esterified fatty acids also increased along with reduced body weight and fat, in addition to increased lean mass when propolis was in the diet. We conclude that propolis could decrease ghrelin and adiponectin but increase non-esterified fatty acids and insulin secretion, which improves body composition.

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