Utilization of gastropod shells by hermit crabs (Decapoda: Anomura: Paguridae) in Japan as related to characteristics of domicile shell

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Takeda
Keyword(s):  
Shell Thickness ◽  
Compressive Force ◽  
Hermit Crabs ◽  
Gastropod Species ◽  
The Difference ◽  
De Man ◽  
Northern Japan

Abstract The relative proportions of gastropod shells occupied by the hermit crabs Pagurus dubius (Ortmann, 1892), P. filholi (De Man, 1887), P. lanuginose De Haan, 1849, and P. nigrofascia Komai, 1996 on a boulder shore at Asamushi, northern Japan differ significantly from those of the living gastropods that leave behind their empty shells after death. There is a difference in the frequencies of the shells of Omphalius rusticus (Gmelin, 1791) and Chlorostoma turbinatum A. Adams, 1853, which resemble each other in shape, between the proportions of shells occupied by the living gastropods and those of their empty shells occupied by hermit crabs. The three species of hermit crabs that were dominant at the study site showed no difference in shell selectivity between the two gastropod species in the laboratory. This result indicates that shell selection by hermit crabs cannot be responsible for the difference in composition between availability and utilization observed in the field. The empty shells of O. rusticus are thicker and heavier than those of C. turbinatum, suggesting that the former last longer than the latter, as shell durability against compressive force decreases as shell thickness is reduced. These observations suggest that the difference in the period for which these empty gastropod shells remain intact accounts for the difference in composition between their availability and utilization by hermit crabs.

UJI COBA PERANGKAP UDANG DENGAN BENTUK YANG BERBEDA (EXPERIMENTAL FISHING WITH TRAP PRAWN DIFFERENT FORM)

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Irhamsyah Irhamsyah
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Macrobrachium Rosenbergii ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Total Catch ◽  
The Difference ◽  
De Man

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk  mengetahui perbedaan hasil tangkapan udang dari tamba dan ayunan modifikasi dan hasil tangkapan selain udang. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh perlakuan A (tamba) diperoleh hasil tangkapan udang sebanyak 52 ekor, dengan berat total 2.210 gram.  Perlakuan B (ayunan modifikasi lantai bambu), diperoleh hasil tangkapan udang sebanyak 29 ekor, dengan berat total  180 gram.  Total hasil tangkapan udang dengan menggunakan tamba dan ayunan modifikasi lantai bambu selama 16 hari pengamatan adalah 81 ekor dengan berat total 2.390 gram. Jenis hasil tangkapan utama yaitu Udang Galah (Macrobrachium rosenbergii de Man) dengan hasil tangkapan sampingan adalah ikan Lundu (Mystus gulio) dan  ikan Sapu-Sapu (Hypostomus plecostomus).This study aims to (1) know the difference between the catch of prawns from tamba and ayunan, and (2) to determine the catch other than prawn.The results, treatment A (tamba) gained as much as 52 prawns, with a total weight of 2,210 grams. Treatment B (ayunan modifications bamboo flooring), gained as much as 29 prawns, with a total weight of 180 grams. Total catch of prawns using swing modifications and addi bamboo flooring for 16 days of observation was 81 prawns with a total weight of 2,390 grams.Main types of catches fresh water prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii de Man) with a side of the catch is Lundu (Mystus Gulio) and Sapu-sapu (Hypostomus plecostomus).

UJI COBA PENANGKAPAN MENGGUNAKAN AYUNAN DENGAN BENTUK YANG BERBEDA ((EXPERIMENTAL FISHING USING AYUNAN WITH DIFFERENT FORMS)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Irhamsyah Irhamsyah
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Macrobrachium Rosenbergii ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Freshwater Shrimp ◽  
Unique Shape ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Macrognathus Aculeatus ◽  
De Man ◽  
The Village

<p>Ayunan is the trap most widely used by public Sungai Batang Village, in addition to the unique shape of this tool also has an extensive capacity to accommodate good catches of shrimp and fish species. In addition to the village of Sungai Batang, at the Hulu Sungai region there is also the ayunan that looks different from contained in Sungai Batang Village.</p><p>This study aims to (1) know the difference between shrimp of catch amor ayunan and box ayunan, and (2) to determine the catch other than shrimp. The results of research, treatment A (amor ayunan) shrimp catches as many as 1464 , with a total weight of 9100 grams. Treatment B (box ayunan), shrimp catches as many as 1443 , with a total weight of 7730 grams. Type of main haul shrimp (<em>Macrobrachium rosenbergii de Man</em>) and Freshwater Shrimp (<em>Palaemon sp</em>), with by catches are  Lundu (<em>Mystus gulio</em>) with a total of 18 and total weight of 215 grams, sapu-sapu (<em>Hypostomus plecostomus</em> ) 2 , weighing a total of 560 grams, Puyau (<em>Osteochilus hasselti</em>) 3 , weighing a total of 35 grams, telan (<em>Macrognathus aculeatus</em>) 2 , weighing 810 grams.</p>Bamboo and rattan as materials to make the ayunan has a weakness because odor (smell) is not good (bangai) and therefore contributes to the catch. To overcome this weakness it is advisable to replace the wire with the basic material.

BEHAVIOUR AND MORPHOLOGY OF PAGURID HERMIT CRABS (DECAPODA, ANOMURA) THAT LIVE IN TUSK SHELLS (MOLLUSCA, SCAPHOPODA)

Crustaceana ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takamichi Ando ◽  
Michio Imafuku
Keyword(s):  
Hermit Crab ◽  
Asymmetry Index ◽  
Hermit Crabs ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Weak Preference ◽  
A Value ◽  
Pagurus Filholi ◽  
Parallel Pattern ◽  
De Man ◽  
Shield Length

AbstractBehaviour and morphology of the hermit crab, Pagurus imafukui, which occupies tusk shells in nature, were investigated. A positive correlation was found between the shield length of the crab and the width of the tusk shell. The uropods were nearly symmetrical, with an average asymmetry index of 0.04, such in contrast with a value of 0.28 for Pagurus filholi, that naturally occupies dextral shells. P. imafukui showed a weak preference for tusk shells over dextral shells. The crabs walked in a parallel pattern, while they adopted a cross pattern when forced to enter dextral shells or were in a shell-less condition. On the contrary, P. filholi individuals walked in a cross pattern when in a tusk shell as well as in a dextral shell. Behaviours of shell entering, copulation, and zoeal release as seen in P. imafukui, are similar to the conditions observed in other species. Nearly symmetrical uropods, preference for non-spiral shells, and the walking style comprising a parallel pattern, are thought to be specific to this hermit crab that lives in non-spiral dwellings. Verhalten und Morphologie des Einsiedlerkrebses Pagurus imafukui McLaughlin & Konishi, 1994 der Scaphopoden-Schalen bewohnt, wurden untersucht. Es wurde eine positive Korrelation zwischen Carapaxlange des Krebses und Breite der Scaphopoden-Schale gefunden. Die Uropoden sind fast symmetrisch. Der Medianwert des Asymmetrie-Indexes betragt 0,04 in deutlichem Gegensatz zu dem von 0,28 bei Pagurus filholi De Man, 1887, der rechtsgewundene Schalen bewohnt. P. imafukui zeigte eine schwache Bevorzugung von Scaphopoden-Schalen im Vergleich mit rechtsgewundenen Schalen. Die Gangart der Einsiedler ist parallel, aber uber Kreuz in schalenlosem Zustand oder in rechtsgewundener Schale. Von P. filholi wird sowohl in Scaphopoden-Schalen als auch in rechtsgewundenen Schalen nur letztere Gangart benutzt. Das Verhalten bei der Inbesitznahme der Schale, bei der Begattung und dem Entlassen der Zoeen gleicht dem bei anderen Arten. Fast symmetrische Uropoden, Bevorzugung ungewundener Schalen und die parallele Gangart werden als Besonderheiten dieser Einsiedler-Art betrachtet, die ungewundene Gehause bewohnt.

scholarly journals Komposisi Jenis Gastropoda di Mangrove Desa Kaliwlingi dan Sawojajar, Jawa Tengah

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-174
Author(s):  
Erik Wijaya Kusuma ◽  
Ria Azizah Tri Nuraini ◽  
Retno Hartati
Keyword(s):  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Gastropod Species ◽  
Mangrove Area ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystems ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Different Characteristics

ABSTRAK : Desa Kaliwlingi dan Sawojajar mempunyai kawasan hutan mangrove dengan karakteristik berbeda. Kawasan hutan mangrove Kaliwlingi menjadi ekowisata mangrove sejak tahun 2016, sedangkan di Sawojajar merupakan kawasan mangrove alami. Perbedaan fungsi tersebut diduga dapat mempengaruhi keanekaragaman hayati yaitu salah satunya adalah gastropoda. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui struktur komunitas Gastropoda di ekosistem mangrove Desa Kaliwlingi dan Sawojajar, Kab.Brebes, Jawa Tengah. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada bulan Juni sampai Juli 2018. Penentuan titik sampling menggunakan metode purposive pada 3 stasiun dengan tiga kali pengulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan terdapat 2 subkelas yaitu Pulmonata dan Prosobranchiata, dengan 3 famili dan  9 spesies gastropoda dari 3 famili, yaitu Elliobidae; Cassidula aurisfelis (Elliobidae), C. nucleus (Elliobidae), Littoraria articulate (Littorinidae), L. carinifera (Littorinidae), L. melanostoma (Littorinidae), L. scabra (Littorinidae), Telescopium telescopium (Potamididae), Terebralia obtuse (Potamididae), T. palustris (Potaminidae).  Nilai kelimpahan rata-rata gastropoda Desa Kaliwlingi dan Desa Sawojajar masing-masing 20,28 dan 16,36 Ind/m². Indeks Keanekaragaman (H’) gastropoda di kawasan mangrove Desa Kaliwlingi dan Desa Sawojajar termasuk ke dalam kategori rendah ke tinggi, sedangkan indeks keseragamannya  berkategori rendah.  Tidak ada jenis gastropod yang mendominasi di kawasan mangrove Kaliwlingi dan Sawojajar, dengan pola sebaran gastropoda mengelompok.ABSTRACT: Kaliwlingi and Sawojajar villages have mangrove forest areas with different characteristics. The Kaliwlingi mangrove forest area has been established as mangrove ecotourism since 2016, while in Sawojajar it is a natural mangrove area. The difference in function is thought to affect biodiversity, one of which is gastropods. The purpose of this study was to determine the structure of the Gastropoda community in the mangrove ecosystems of Kaliwlingi and Sawojajar Villages, Kab. Brebes, Central Java. Sampling was conducted in June to July 2018. Determination of the sampling points using purposive methods at 3 stations with three repetitions. The results showed that there were 2 subclasses, namely Pulmonata and Prosobranchiata, with 3 families and 9 gastropod species from 3 families, namely Elliobidae; Cassidula aurisfelis (Elliobidae), C. nucleus (Elliobidae), Littoraria articulate (Littorinidae), L. carinifera (Littorinidae), L. melanostoma (Littorinidae), L. scabra (Littorinidae), Telescopium telescopium (Potamebidide) ), T. palustris (Potaminidae). The mean abundance of gastropods in Kaliwlingi Village and Sawojajar Village were 20.28 and 16.36 Ind / m² respectively. Diversity Index (H ') of gastropods in the mangrove areas of Kaliwlingi Village and Sawojajar Village are in the low to high category, while the uniformity index is categorized as low. There is no type of gastropod that dominates in the Kaliwlingi and Sawojajar mangrove areas, and gastropod distributed as a grouped.  

Regional variation in preference for gastropod shell species in the hermit crab Pagurus filholi

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 893-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiromi Hasegawa ◽  
Satoshi Wada ◽  
Masakazu Aoki ◽  
Keiji Wada
Keyword(s):  
Hermit Crab ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Hermit Crabs ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Gastropod Shell ◽  
Shell Weight ◽  
Thais Clavigera ◽  
Pagurus Filholi ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Northern Japan

The preference for two shell species, Monodonta labio form confusa and Thais clavigera, was compared between two populations of the hermit crab Pagurus filholi from Oura Bay, Shimoda, central Japan and from Hakodate Bay, Hakodate, northern Japan. Hermit crabs from Oura Bay preferred T. clavigera to M. labio form confusa, whereas crabs from Hakodate Bay preferred M. labio form confusa. The shell of T. clavigera was more effective against desiccation and high temperature stress but heavier than M. labio form confusa. The preference of P. filholi from Oura Bay for T. clavigera may be attributable to the greater requirement for protection against higher physical stresses, even though a higher energetic cost related to the shell weight is incurred.

Buckling of a Rotating Rod Under Axial Force

2004 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 590-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Y. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Axial Force ◽  
Difference Equations ◽  
Rotation Rate ◽  
Fractional Power ◽  
Compressive Force ◽  
Elastic Rod ◽  
Stability Boundaries ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Stability

The difference equations governing the rotation of a segmented rod under axial force is formulated. The stability boundaries are found to be highly dependent on the number of links, the rotation rate and the compressive force. For a large number of links, the result approaches to that of the continuous elastic rod through some fractional power. The analysis is applicable to segmented drill shafts.

scholarly journals Buckling Knockdown Factors of Composite Cylinders under Both Compression and Internal Pressure

Aerospace ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 346
Author(s):  
Do-Young Kim ◽  
Chang-Hoon Sim ◽  
Jae-Sang Park ◽  
Joon-Tae Yoo ◽  
Young-Ha Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Axial Compression ◽  
Shell Thickness ◽  
Slenderness Ratio ◽  
Compressive Force ◽  
Thickness Ratio ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Axial Compressive Force ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Composite Cylinders

The internal pressure of a thin-walled cylindrical structure under axial compression may improve the buckling stability by relieving loads and reducing initial imperfections. In this study, the effect of internal pressure on the buckling knockdown factor is investigated for axially compressed thin-walled composite cylinders with different shell thickness ratios and slenderness ratios. Various shell thickness ratios and slenderness ratios are considered when the buckling knockdown factor is derived for the thin-walled composite cylinders under both axial compression and internal pressure. Nonlinear post-buckling analyses are conducted using the nonlinear finite element analysis program, ABAQUS. The single perturbation load approach is used to represent the geometric initial imperfection of thin-walled composite cylinders. For cases with the axial compressive force only, the buckling knockdown factor decreases as the shell thickness ratio increases or as the slenderness ratio increases. When the internal pressure is considered simultaneously with the axial compressive force, the buckling knockdown factor decreases as the slenderness ratio increases but increases as the shell thickness ratio increases. The buckling knockdown factors considering the internal pressure and axial compressions are higher by 2.67% to 38.98% compared with the knockdown factors considering the axial compressive force only. The results show the significant effect of the internal pressure, particularly for thinner composite cylinders, and that the buckling knockdown factors may be enhanced for all the shell thickness ratios and slenderness ratios considered in this study when the internal pressure is applied to the cylinder.

scholarly journals Aretopsis sandybrucei, a new deep-water shrimp (Malacostraca: Decapoda: Caridea: Alpheidae) from the Coral Sea

2021 ◽  
Vol 774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Ashrafi ◽  
Zdeněk Ďuriš ◽  
Arthur Anker
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Hermit Crabs ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Coral Sea ◽  
Deep Water Species ◽  
De Man

A new alpheid shrimp, Aretopsis sandybrucei sp. nov., is described on the basis of three specimens collected from three deep-water banks in the Chesterfield Plateau of the Coral Sea, between New Caledonia and Queensland, Australia, at a depth range of 280–550 m. The new species is the first known deep-water species of the genus Aretopsis De Man, 1910, with its two congeners, A. amabilis De Man, 1910 and A. manazuruensis Suzuki, 1971, being confined to the lower intertidal and shallow subtidal areas, to a maximum depth of 50 m. Based on morphological grounds, A. sandybrucei sp. nov. can be easily separated from A. amabilis and A. manazuruensis by the generally much stouter third to fifth pereiopods, with their dactyli each bearing a very small secondary unguis on the flexor margin, in comparison to a much stronger one in the other two species. Aretopsis sandybrucei sp. nov. also differs from A. amabilis and A. manazuruensis by the less contrasting colour pattern, including the more translucent, dull yellowish chelae and tail fan. An association of A. sandybrucei sp. nov. with a deep-water hermit crab appears to be highly likely due to the presence of several large hermit crabs (Paguridae) in at least one of the three dredge/bottom trawl hauls, which was also containing a paratype of the new species. The taxonomic status of A. amabilis and A. manazuruensis is discussed.

scholarly journals Energetics of Hermit Crabs during Locomotion: The Cost of Carrying a Shell

1986 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 297-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
CLYDE F. HERREID ◽  
ROBERT J. FULL
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Hermit Crabs ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Cost Of Transport ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Response To Exercise ◽  
Leg Position

Oxygen consumption (VOO2) was measured as hermit crabs (Coenobita compressus) walked at controlled velocities on a motor-driven treadmill inside a small respirometer. The crabs displayed an aerobic response to exercise with a rapid increase in VOO2 reaching a steady state in about 5–6 min followed by a rapid recovery. The highest VOO2 was four times the resting rate. VOO2 was directly dependent on the velocity of travel (V): VOO2 = 0.29+1.98V. Metabolic rate was increased significantly in crabs with bilateral leg ablation. The cost of shell carrying was evaluated by comparing VOO2 of crabs with and without their protective snail shells at different velocities; the absolute difference was constant (0.17 ml O2g−1 h−1), suggesting that the cost of shell support was constant per unit of time regardless of speed. The cost of transport dropped dramatically with speed for crabs both with and without snail shells. Crabs carrying shells used twice as much O2 per gram per kilometre as did ‘nude’ crabs walking slowly at 0.02 kmh−1 but the difference decreased to 1.3 times when velocity was increased 10-fold. Hermit crabs did not increase their VOO2 proportionately with load: the VOO2 loaded/unloaded ratio was consistently less than the mass loaded/unloaded ratio. This apparent increase in efficiency may be due to the fact that crabs carrying heavy shells alter their leg position and tend to drag their shell. Crabs with and without shells have the same minimum cost of transport CM, so travel at the highest velocity is theoretically the most economical way to cover a given distance. Appropriately, crabs on the beach average a fast 0.23 km h−1 which produces a low cost of transport only 1.3 times higher than CM. The CM of six-legged hermit crabs is comparable to that of mammals, birds, crabs and insects of similar size and indicates that leg number does not affect fuel economy.

Redescription and notes on the ecology of Pagurapseudes dentatus (Brown, 1956) (Peracarida: Tanaidacea), a shell-inhabiting tanaid from South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 715-724
Author(s):  
Rouane Brokensha ◽  
Jannes Landschoff ◽  
Anton du Plessis ◽  
Charles L Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Intertidal Zone ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Hermit Crabs ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Gastropod Species ◽  
Juvenile Stages

Abstract The tanaid Pagurapseudes dentatus was described from a male collected from the intertidal zone at False Bay, South Africa. The description was poorly illustrated, incomplete, did not describe the female or juvenile stages, and gave no information on its habitat. The species was rediscovered and found to be locally abundant at locations in South Africa, where it inhabits vacant gastropod shells. We redescribe P. dentatus by fully illustrating and describing its morphological characters, including the copulatory female and manca II stages. Pagurapseudes dentatus differs from similar species by a long seta on the basis of the characteristically elongated pereopod-1, as well as its singular distal pectinate setae on the propodus and adjacent to the dactylus of pereopod 6. Nano-CT scanning was used to illustrate and document the unusual mode of occupation of empty gastropod shells by the species. It was found (N = 139) occupying shells of 19 gastropod species from 10 different genera, occurring most abundantly in shells of Tricolia Risso, 1826, Burnupena Iredale, 1918, Assiminea Fleming, 1828, and Gibbula Risso, 1826. It forms dense populations under intertidal boulders, where it co-occurs with, and may compete for empty shells, with at least two common species of hermit crabs.

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