scholarly journals Buzz-Pollinated Crops: A Global Review and Meta-analysis of the Effects of Supplemental Bee Pollination in Tomato

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazel Cooley ◽  
Mario Vallejo-Marín
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Bee Pollination ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Pollination Control ◽  
Supplemental Pollination

Abstract Buzz-pollinated plants require visitation from vibration producing bee species to elicit full pollen release. Several important food crops are buzz-pollinated including tomato, eggplant, kiwi, and blueberry. Although more than half of all bee species can buzz pollinate, the most commonly deployed supplemental pollinator, Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae; honey bees), cannot produce vibrations to remove pollen. Here, we provide a list of buzz-pollinated food crops and discuss the extent to which they rely on pollination by vibration-producing bees. We then use the most commonly cultivated of these crops, the tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L. (Solanales: Solanaceae), as a case study to investigate the effect of different pollination treatments on aspects of fruit quality. Following a systematic review of the literature, we statistically analyzed 71 experiments from 24 studies across different geopolitical regions and conducted a meta-analysis on a subset of 21 of these experiments. Our results show that both supplemental pollination by buzz-pollinating bees and open pollination by assemblages of bees, which include buzz pollinators, significantly increase tomato fruit weight compared to a no-pollination control. In contrast, auxin treatment, artificial mechanical vibrations, or supplemental pollination by non-buzz-pollinating bees (including Apis spp.), do not significantly increase fruit weight. Finally, we compare strategies for providing bee pollination in tomato cultivation around the globe and highlight how using buzz-pollinating bees might improve tomato yield, particularly in some geographic regions. We conclude that employing native, wild buzz pollinators can deliver important economic benefits with reduced environmental risks and increased advantages for both developed and emerging economies.

scholarly journals The Role of Staking and Pruning Methods on Yield and Profitability of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Production in the Guinea Savanna Zone of Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
S. Lamptey ◽  
E. Koomson
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Pruning Methods

Tomato is one of the most widely consumed and produced vegetables in Ghana. The low yield of tomatoes in Ghana has resulted in huge importation of the produce from neighboring countries. Good agronomic practices are among the key strategies involved in increasing the yield of horticultural produce. This study seeks to evaluate the response of staking and pruning on tomato fruit yield, quality, and cost of production. To achieve this, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of staking and pruning methods on fruit yield and profitability of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) produced in the northern region of Ghana. Treatments were applied in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments were no pruning + no staking (control), single pole staking (SPS), wire trellis (WT), one-stem pruning (1SP), one-stem pruning + single pole staking (1SP + SPS), one-stem pruning + wire trellis (1SP + WT), two-stem pruning (2SP), two-stem pruning + single pole staking (2SP + SPS), and two-stem pruning + wire trellis (2SP + WT). Results showed that 2SP + WT increased fruit diameter, fruit length, and marketable fruit weight by 52%, 32%, and 69%, respectively, compared to the control. The maximum number and weight of marketable fruits obtained from 2SP + WT increased total fruit yield by 76% compared to the control. In all, the performance of the treatments in terms of yield was in the following order: 2SP + WT > 1SP + WT > SPS > WT > 2SP + SPS > 1SP > 2SP > control. Though 2SP + WT increased production cost by 42%, it greatly increased yield by 69% which resulted in 83% net profit compared to the control. Thus, 2SP + WT could be tested on-farm for possible adoption to increase tomato yield, quality, and profit.

THE EFECTS OF A CULTIVATION METHOD ON TOMATO YIELD SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM L.

2019 ◽  
pp. 434-437
Author(s):  
Ivica Stančić ◽  
Jelica Živić ◽  
Saša Petrović ◽  
Desimir Knežević
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Training System ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Cultivation Method ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Tomato Yield

Investigated the effect of different forms of training system the yield of tomatoes in greenhouses. The study involved the genetic forms of tomatoes with one, two and three trees. The influence of training system on the number of fruits per plant, fruit weight, fruit yield per plant and fruit yield per m2. The highest average yield per plant was achieved by growing tomatoes in the three trees, planting a tree in the form given by the average large fruit, and the highest number of fruits per plant was obtained with the training system with three trees, and the lowest in the training system on a tree. When growing on a tree reaches maturity at the earliest, and larger fruits, and the growing maturation of the two trees is a little later, the fruits are slightly smaller, but higher total yield of tomatoes. Growth on three trees achieved the highest yield, but the fruit is considerably smaller, which reduces their market value.

scholarly journals Deterioration of Potentially Biodegradable Alternatives to Black Plastic Mulch in Three Tomato Production Regions

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 1270-1277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Miles ◽  
Russ Wallace ◽  
Annette Wszelaki ◽  
Jeffrey Martin ◽  
Jeremy Cowan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Mount Vernon ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
High Tunnels ◽  
Black Plastic

Four potentially biodegradable mulch products (BioAgri, BioTelo, WeedGuardPlus, and SB-PLA-10) were evaluated during 2010 in three contrasting regions of the United States (Knoxville, TN; Lubbock, TX; and Mount Vernon, WA) and compared with black plastic mulch and a no-mulch control for durability, weed control, and impact on tomato yield in high tunnel and open field production systems. WeedGuardPlus, BioTelo, and BioAgri had the greatest number of rips, tears, and holes (RTH) and percent visually observed deterioration (PVD) at all three sites (P ≤ 0.05), and values were greater in the open field than high tunnels, likely as a result of high winds and greater solar radiation and rainfall. SB-PLA-10 showed essentially no deterioration at all three sites and was equivalent to black plastic in both high tunnels and the open field. Weed growth at the sites did not differ in high tunnels as compared with the open field (P > 0.05). Weed growth at Knoxville and Mount Vernon was greatest under SB-PLA-10 (P ≤ 0.02), likely as a result of the white, translucent nature of this test product. Tomato yield was greater in the high tunnels than open field at all three sites (P ≤ 0.03), except for total fruit weight at Knoxville (P ≤ 0.53). Total number of tomato fruit and total fruit weight were lowest for bare ground at both Knoxville (150 × 104 fruit/ha and 29 t·ha−1; P ≤ 0.04) and Mount Vernon (44 × 104 fruit/ha and 11 t·ha−1; P ≤ 0.008). At Knoxville, the other mulch treatments were statistically equivalent, whereas at Mount Vernon, BioAgri had among the highest yields (66 × 104 fruit/ha and 16 t·ha−1). There were no differences in tomato yield resulting from mulch type at Lubbock.

scholarly journals Suitability of bio-extracts with coating materials on physicochemical quality of tomato fruits (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) stored at ambient temperature

2021 ◽  
pp. 347-354
Author(s):  
Fufa Desta Dugassa
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Garlic Extract ◽  
Maize Starch ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Tomato Fruits ◽  
Physicochemical Quality ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Postharvest Loss

Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L. (or) Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is being a very nutritious and health protective food, are highly perishable nature. Its sensitivity to postharvest loss due to poor handling, diseases and physical injury limits its successful marketing. Therefore, simple technology is required to reduce the postharvest loss of this commodity. The use of edible coatings with bio-extracts appears to be a good alternative preservation technique to extend the mature tomato fruits. This study was, therefore, initiated to investigate the effect of using bio- extracts garlic bulba and capsicum incorporation with coating materials (maize starch and beeswax on physicochemical quality of tomato fruit stored at ambient conditions (temperature 15.5 to 20.2oC and relative humidity of 55.5 to 67.3%). The experiment was conducted using complete randomized design of two varieties (Fetane and Melkashola) and six treatments. The tomato fruits were coated by dipping into solution for 3 minutes. The treatments prepared were on coating solution of MGE( 9.5% maize starch with 0.5% garlic extract), MCE (9.5% maize starch with 0.5% capsicum extract), BCE (9.5% beewax mixed with 0.5% capsicum extract), BGE (9.5% beewax mixed with 0.5% garlic extract), 10% maize starch without bio-extract, 10% beewax without bio- extract and control. The treatment means were tested at significance level of P ≤ 0.05. The effectiveness of bio-extracts with coating materials on physicochemical quality of tomato fruits were evaluated at three days intervals for 30 days. There was a significance difference (P<0.05) between coated and uncoated fruits. All coatings delayed tomato ripening and improved the keeping quality parameters but best results were exhibited by 9.5% with 0.5% BCE followed by 9.5% with 0.5% MGE by maintaining the mature tomato fruit for 30 days. The study showed that the Fetane variety has maintained more quality attribute than Melkashola variety during storage.

The effect of potassium fertilization on the metabolite profile of tomato fruit (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 89-99
Author(s):  
Christoph H. Weinert ◽  
Frederike Sonntag ◽  
Björn Egert ◽  
Elke Pawelzik ◽  
Sabine E. Kulling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Metabolite Profile ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Potassium Fertilization

scholarly journals Genetic variability and trait relationship in cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. var. cerasiforme (Dunnal) A. Gray)

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Islam ◽  
HC Mohanta ◽  
MR Ismail ◽  
MY Rafii ◽  
MA Malek
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Cherry Tomato ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Additive Gene

Nine traits of 11 cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) var. cerasiforme (Dunal) A. Gray) inbred lines exhibited a wide range of genetic variability. High geno- and phenotypic coefficients of variation were obtained for individual fruit weight (68.16 and 74.23%, respectively) followed by number of fruits/plant (58.8 and 68.34%, respectively). High estimates of heritability, genetic advance and genotypic coefficient of variation for the traits of individual fruit weight, number of fruits and clusters/plant were controlled by additive gene action indicating the possibility of selection to improve these characters. Fruit yield/plant showed low heritability along with low genetic advance and did not show significant and positive correlation with the remaining characters. It indicates that improvement of high yield through selection is difficult, rather hybridization can be effective for improving the fruit yield/plant. Among the lines, CH154 produced the highest number of fruits/plant (291) and highest fruit yield (1.89 kg/plant and 63.4 t/ha) and can be selected for cultivation under Bangladesh condition. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v41i2.13443 Bangladesh J. Bot. 41(2): 163-167, 2012 (December)

Changes in the Biochemical Composition of Tomato Fruit under the Influence of Illumination Quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 850 ◽  
pp. 172-178
Author(s):  
Ieva Erdberga ◽  
Ina Alsina ◽  
Laila Dubova ◽  
Māra Dūma ◽  
Daiga Sergejeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Tomato Yield

Tomatoes are one of the most consumed vegetables in the world. Unfortunately, obtaining a high quality tomato yield in our latitudes is inconceivable without additional lighting. Changes in biochemical composition are mainly dependent on the light received by the plant. During the winter months, natural daylight at 55 ° latitude is insufficient to provide the necessary vegetation for fruit-bearing vegetables. The aim of this study is to investigate the changes in the biochemical composition of tomato fruits by using less conventional lighting methods, which could offer potential energy savings by providing higher levels of biologically active substances in tomatoes. The study was conducted in a greenhouse of Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies during the winter season 2018-2019, using a 16-hour photoperiod. LED, Induction, and High Pressure Sodium Lamps (as control) were used in the study. These lighting devices, with some differences, simulate daylight. Three tomato cultivars: ‘Diamont F1’, Encor F1’and ‘Balzano F1’were studied. The study specified the tomato yield and the following biochemical parameters: soluble sugars (BRIX), vitamin C, organic acids, lycopene, carotenoids, phenols and flavonoids. As expected, the yield and species-specific pigment content of tomato fruit is largely dependent on the genetics of the variety. On the other hand, biologically active compounds such as organic acids, soluble sugars, ascorbic acid and flavonoids undergo more changes due to the composition of the light. The obtained biochemical parameters give an opportunity to consider different illumination methods and the need to carry out further studies in order to confirm the conclusions. Significantly higher yields were observed in the variant with conventionally used high pressure sodium lamps. In mean time, it should be noted that in the variant with LED lamps, higher content of lycopene as well as phenols and vitamin C were observed.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Chemical and Thermal Treatments on Control Rhizopus Stolonifer Fruit Infection Comparing Tomato Cultivars with Different Sensitivities to Cracking

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (15) ◽  
pp. 2754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfaro-Sifuentes ◽  
Juan ◽  
Meca ◽  
Elorrieta ◽  
Valenzuela
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽  
Tomato Fruits ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Fruit Cracking

Tomatoes are among the most important horticultural crops; however, it is estimated that 30% of tomato yield is lost due to postharvest rot due to Rhizopus stolonifer, a fungus which requires lesions to initiate the infectious process. Tomato fruit cracking is a physiopathy which causes significant economic losses, since cracking is the door used by the fungus. In this experiment, 14 cultivars of tomato of different types were used. Fruit sampling was carried out in the middle of the crop cycle, coinciding with the peak of yield; then, the fruits were divided into two groups: one group was inoculated with Rhizopus in order to assess the effectiveness of washing, whilst the other was treated with sterile water. The fruits of each group were divided into lots to be treated with six washing treatments: dipping in hot water at 20, 40 and 60 °C for 20 s; the fruits were then sprayed with the following solutions: 0.6% of Hydrogen Peroxide 23% + Peracetic acid 15%; commercial bleach at 0.5% and 2% of Hydrogen Peroxide 50%. The control sample was not washed. The results show that there was an influence of cultivar on fruit cracking, which was strongly related with Rhizopus infection. Three cultivars were not susceptible to cracking, and therefore, were not sensitive to Rhizopus infection. The effectiveness of different washing treatments of tomato fruits depends on several factors; nonetheless, hot water treatment has been shown to be more effective than the use of chemical products such as commercial bleach or hydrogen peroxide. Another factor, the susceptibility of cultivars to cracking, determines the effectiveness of the washing treatment. The results provide an important basis for making decisions about the washing management of tomato fruits in packaging houses.

scholarly journals Effects of Rootstock/Scion Combination and Two Irrigation Water Qualities on Cherry Tomato Yield and Postharvest Fruit Quality

Horticulturae ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiam Abu Glion ◽  
Sharon Alkalai-Tuvia ◽  
Merav Zaaroor-Presman ◽  
Daniel Chalupowicz ◽  
Mili Zanbar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Cherry Tomato ◽  
Sea Transport ◽  
Salty Water ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Tomato Yield

The aim of this research was to evaluate postharvest cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum (L.) Mill.) yield and fruit quality as affected by grafting and irrigation water quality in the desert region of Israel. Tomato plants (scion cv. Lorka) were grafted onto 3 commercial tomato rootstocks (Resistar, Beaufort and TRS2) and were irrigated with 2 water qualities: fresh water (electrical conductivity (EC)-1.6 dS m−1) and salty water (EC-4.0 dS m−1). Fresh water significantly increased fruit yield by an average of 17% and fruit size, regardless of plant grafting and rootstock, but there were no significant differences in fruit size between the water treatments. However, salty water, but not grafting, significantly improved several quality parameters of fruit stored for 12 d at 12 °C followed by 2 d at 20 °C in simulated sea transport of produce from Israel to Europe and marketing. Fruit harvested from plants irrigated with salty water showed higher sweetness, sourness and, especially, better general taste, and significantly reduced off-flavor, compared with those irrigated with fresh water. The combination of ‘Lorka’ on ‘Resistar’ rootstock and resulted in the best external, internal, and sensory quality parameters at the end of storability and marketing simulation, while the lowest-quality parameters were in fruit harvested from ‘Lorka’ on ‘Beaufort’ rootstock.

scholarly journals Weighted Gene Correlation Network Meta-Analysis Reveals Functional Candidate Genes Associated with High- and Sub-Fertile Reproductive Performance in Beef Cattle

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo A. S. Fonseca ◽  
Aroa Suárez-Vega ◽  
Angela Cánovas
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Correlation Network ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Hormone Regulation ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Hub Genes ◽  
Gene Correlation ◽  
Upstream Regulators

Improved reproductive efficiency could lead to economic benefits for the beef industry, once the intensive selection pressure has led to a decreased fertility. However, several factors limit our understanding of fertility traits, including genetic differences between populations and statistical limitations. In the present study, the RNA-sequencing data from uterine samples of high-fertile (HF) and sub-fertile (SF) animals was integrated using co-expression network meta-analysis, weighted gene correlation network analysis, identification of upstream regulators, variant calling, and network topology approaches. Using this pipeline, top hub-genes harboring fixed variants (HF × SF) were identified in differentially co-expressed gene modules (DcoExp). The functional prioritization analysis identified the genes with highest potential to be key-regulators of the DcoExp modules between HF and SF animals. Consequently, 32 functional candidate genes (10 upstream regulators and 22 top hub-genes of DcoExp modules) were identified. These genes were associated with the regulation of relevant biological processes for fertility, such as embryonic development, germ cell proliferation, and ovarian hormone regulation. Additionally, 100 candidate variants (single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertions and deletions (INDELs)) were identified within those genes. In the long-term, the results obtained here may help to reduce the frequency of subfertility in beef herds, reducing the associated economic losses caused by this condition.

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