scholarly journals Survival and persistence of tricolored bats hibernating in Arkansas mines

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 535-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger W Perry ◽  
Phillip N Jordan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
The United States ◽  
Abandoned Mines ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Ouachita Mountains ◽  
Apparent Survival ◽  
White Nose Syndrome

Abstract White-nose syndrome (WNS) has caused large declines in bat populations across eastern North America, making information on demographics of affected species critical to determining their risk for extinction. We used Cormack–Jolly–Seber models to estimate apparent survival rates of hibernating tricolored bats (Perimyotis subflavus) for 5 years in four small abandoned mines in the Ouachita Mountains of Arkansas, located within the WNS endemic area of the United States. Populations in individual mines varied greatly in survival rates, with one mine displaying annual survival rates as high as 0.706 and another as low as 0.101. Differences in survival among bats in different mines could not definitively be attributed to WNS, but may have varied based on a combination of WNS, disturbance, mine climate, and other unknown factors. Further, some hibernacula may have served as temporary winter shelter for young transient males. Sites housing small colonies of hibernating bats may result in high survival rates despite WNS, and protecting these smaller sites may be important for overall species perseverance.

Standards for Resuscitation After Cardiac Surgery

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jill Ley
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Heart Surgery ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Advanced Life Support ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Essential Components

Of the 250 000 patients who undergo major cardiac operations in the United States annually, 0.7% to 2.9% will experience a postoperative cardiac arrest. Although Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) is the standard approach to management of cardiac arrest in the United States, it has significant limitations in these patients. The European Resuscitation Council (ERC) has endorsed a new guideline specific to resuscitation after cardiac surgery that advises important, evidence-based deviations from ACLS and is under consideration in the United States. The ACLS and ERC recommendations for resuscitation of these patients are contrasted on the basis of the essential components of care. Key to this approach is the rapid elimination of reversible causes of arrest, followed by either defibrillation or pacing (as appropriate) before external cardiac compressions that can damage the sternotomy, cautious use of epinephrine owing to potential rebound hypertension, and prompt resternotomy (within 5 minutes) to promote optimal cerebral perfusion with internal massage, if prior interventions are unsuccessful. These techniques are relatively simple, reproducible, and easily mastered in Cardiac Surgical Unit–Advanced Life Support courses. Resuscitation of patients after heart surgery presents a unique opportunity to achieve high survival rates with key modifications to ACLS that warrant adoption in the United States.

Breast cancer survival rates among Chinese women born in East Asia and the United States

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 634-634
Author(s):  
S CHUANG ◽  
W CHEN ◽  
M HASHIBE ◽  
G LI ◽  
P GANZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
United States ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Cancer Survival ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
The United States ◽  
Breast Cancer Survival

Neurocysticercosis: Report of Unusual Pediatric Cases

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 974-977
Author(s):  
Julie Kim Stamos ◽  
Anne H. Rowley ◽  
Yoon S. Hahn ◽  
Ellen Gould Chadwick ◽  
Peter M. Schsntz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prolonged Incubation ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Cysticercosis is widely endemic in Latin America, Asia, and Africa. The incidence of cysticercosis has been increasing in the United States during the last decade.1 Although an infection still seen primarily in immigrants, it has been reported in increasing numbers in individuals who have close contact with persons who have resided in endemic areas.2 Only 6 cases of cysticercosis in children born in the United States have been reported; in 3 of these cases, the parents were from or had traveled to an endemic area and Taenia ova were recovered from the stools of the parent(s).1,3-6 Because of the prolonged incubation period, cases are rarely seen in infants and young children.4

EPID-10. GLIOMA INCIDENCE AND SURVIVAL BY INCOME LEVEL IN THE UNITED STATES GENERAL POPULATION AGES AND ABOVE FROM 2000-2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi87-vi88
Author(s):  
Jennifer Murillo ◽  
Elizabeth Anyanda ◽  
Jason Huang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
General Population ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
The United States ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Average Survival

Abstract Gliomas are the most common primary malignant brain tumor in the United States with previous studies showing the incidence varied by age, sex, and race or ethnicity. Survival after diagnosis has also been shown to vary by these factors. Also, socioeconomic status and its association with various cancers have also been studied at length over time. PURPOSE: The purpose of our research was to quantify the differences in incidence and survival rates of gliomas in 15 years and older by income level. METHODS: This population-based study obtained incidence and survival data from the Incidence-SEER Research Database the general population. Average age incidence were generated by glioma groups and grouped by income levels. Survival rates were generated by overall glioma diagnosis grouped by observed survival at 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 months and by again by income levels. The analysis included 94,207 patients with glioma diagnosed in those aged 15 years or older. RESULTS: Overall, 94, 207 patients diagnosed with glioma were analyzed. Of these, 1,089 (1.16%) fell into the < $35k group, 1,684 (1.79%) in the $35k-$40k group, 3,473 (3.69%) in the $40k-$45k group, 5,647 (5.99%) in the $45k-$50k group, 7,138 (7.58%) in the $50k-$55k group, 6,468 (6.87%) in the $55k-$60k group, 15,348 (16.29%) in the $60k-$65k group, 13,216 (14.03%) in the $65k-$70k group, 9,035 (9.59%) in the $70k-$75k group, and 31,109 (33.02%) fell in > $75k group. The data was also broken further down into survivability showing average survival. CONCLUSION: Incidence of glioma and 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 month survival rates after diagnosis vary significantly by income level with higher income level greater than $75,000+ having higher incidence and higher survival rates compared with lower income levels. Further research is needed to help determine risk factors and barriers to care to help reveal health disparities.

scholarly journals Long-term trends and drought: spatiotemporal variation in juvenile sex ratios of North American ducks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sage Ellis ◽  
Madeleine Lohman ◽  
James Sedinger ◽  
Perry Williams ◽  
Thomas Riecke
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North American ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
The United States ◽  
Avian Communities ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Bird Populations ◽  
Long Term Trends

Sex ratios affect population dynamics and individual fitness, and changing sex ratios can be indicative of shifts in sex-specific survival at different life stages. While climate- and landscape-change alter sex ratios of wild bird populations, long-term, landscape scale assessments of sex ratios are rare. Further, little work has been done to understand changes in sex ratios in avian communities. In this manuscript, we analyse long-term (1961-2015) data on five species of ducks across five broad climatic regions of the United States to estimate the effects of drought and long-term trends on the proportion of juvenile females captured at banding. As waterfowl have a 1:1 sex ratio at hatch, we interpret changes in sex ratios of captured juveniles as changes in sex-specific survival rates during early life. Seven of twelve species-region pairs exhibited evidence for long-term trends in the proportion of juvenile females at banding. The proportion of juvenile females at banding increased for duck populations in the western United States and typically declined for duck populations in the eastern United States. We only observed evidence for an effect of drought in two of the twelve species-region pairs, where the proportion of females declined during drought. As changes to North American landscapes and climate continue and intensify, we expect continued changes in sex-specific juvenile survival rates. More broadly, we encourage further research examining the mechanisms underlying long-term trends in juvenile sex ratios in avian communities.

A comparison of earthquake damage areas as a function of magnitude across the United States

1993 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 1064-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Bollinger ◽  
M. C. Chapman ◽  
M. S. Sibol
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Ground Motion ◽  
Epicentral Distance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
The West

Abstract This study investigates the relationship between earthquake magnitude and the size of damage areas in the eastern and western United States. To quantify damage area as a function of moment magnitude (M), 149 MMI VI and VII areas for 109 earthquakes (88 in the western United States, 21 in the eastern United States and Canada) were measured. Regression of isoseismal areas versus M indicated that areas in the East were larger than those in the West, at both intensity levels, by an average 5 × in the M 4.5 to 7.5 range. In terms of radii for circles of equivalent area, these results indicate that damaging ground motion from shocks of the same magnitude extend 2 × the epicentral distance in eastern North America compared to the West. To determine source and site parameters consistent with the above results, response spectral levels for eastern North America were stochastically simulated and compared with response spectral ordinates derived from recorded strong ground motion data in the western United States. Stress-drop values of 200 bars, combined with a surficial 2-km-thick low velocity “sedimentary” layer over rock basement, produced results that are compatible with the intensity observations, i.e., similar response spectral levels in the east at approximately twice their epicentral distance in the western U.S. distance. These results suggest that ground motion modeling in eastern North America may need to incorporate source and site parameters different from those presently in general use. The results are also of importance to eastern U.S. hazard assessments as they require allowance for the larger damage areas in preparedness and mitigation programs.

Cancer Survival Is (Mostly) Improving

Pained ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 245-246
Author(s):  
Michael D. Stein ◽  
Sandro Galea
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
United States ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Cancer Survival ◽  
Prostate Cancer Screening ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cervical Cancers

This chapter discusses how the 5-year survival rates for the most common cancers in the United States improved by nearly 20% since the 1970s. While promising overall, low survival rates persist for pancreatic, liver, lung, esophageal, brain, and many other cancers. Meanwhile, 5-year survival for uterine and cervical cancers worsened. Pancreatic cancer has the lowest 5-year survival rate at 8.2%. In contrast, prostate cancer had the greatest 5-year survival increase from 67.8% to 98.6%, most likely reflecting a substantial uptick in prostate cancer screening and early detection. Five-year survival with leukemia also improved significantly, from 34.2% to 60.6%, likely resulting from improved treatments. As such, in both detection and treatment, the United States is making progress. For the millions of Americans who face a cancer diagnosis, this is cause for hope.

scholarly journals Survival rates for four forms of cancer in the United States and Ontario.

1997 ◽  
Vol 87 (7) ◽  
pp. 1164-1167 ◽  
Author(s):  
D M Keller ◽  
E A Peterson ◽  
G Silberman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
The United States

Most Likely Bridges as Roosting Habitat for Bats: Study for Iowa

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (24) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Basak Aldemir Bektas ◽  
Zachary Hans ◽  
Brent Phares ◽  
Emmanuel Nketah ◽  
Joe Carey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Prestressed Concrete ◽  
The United States ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
White Nose Syndrome ◽  
Presence Data

Bats play an important role in the natural balance of many ecosystems. There has been a growing concern about the bat population in the United States, mainly because of white-nose syndrome (WNS). The primary objective of this work was to better understand what types of bridges are the most likely to be used by bats as roosting locations. In one of the most comprehensive studies in the United States to date, 517 structures in the state of Iowa were inspected for evidence of bat roosting. Logistic regression models were fitted to identify structure, land cover distribution, and predicted bat species distribution characteristics that increase the probability of bat roosting. The final model indicated that probability of bat roosting on bridges increases under the following conditions: structures are prestressed concrete continuous, prestressed concrete or steel continuous; increased superstructure height above ground; increased superstructure depth; increased wetland coverage within a 0.1-mile radius of the structure; and increased number of potential bat species present at the location. The findings show that bridge characteristics, combined with land cover and bat species distribution data, are significant for higher probabilities of bat roosting. This information can be useful to transportation agencies as they plan bridge maintenance and renewal and can also help conservation efforts targeted toward bats. It is thought that the integration of objective, geospatial land cover data with potential bat presence data, and estimation of quantitative and relative influence of variables on probability of bat roosting are unique to this study.

scholarly journals Dissecting the Lymphatic System to Predict Melanoma Metastasis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rishi Suresh ◽  
Arturas Ziemys ◽  
Ashley M. Holder
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Melanoma ◽  
Lymphatic System ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Metastatic Potential ◽  
The United States ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Melanoma Metastasis ◽  
Metastatic Risk ◽  
Ajcc Staging

Melanoma is the most lethal form of skin cancer in the United States. Current American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging uses Breslow depth and ulceration as the two primary tumor factors that predict metastatic risk in cutaneous melanoma. Early disease stages are generally associated with high survival rates. However, in some cases, patients with thin melanomas develop advanced disease, suggesting other factors may contribute to the metastatic potential of an individual patient’s melanoma. This review focuses on the role of the lymphatic system in the metastasis of cutaneous melanoma, from recent discoveries in mechanisms of lymphangiogenesis to elements of the lymphatic system that ultimately may aid clinicians in determining which patients are at highest risk. Ultimately, this review highlights the need to integrate pathological, morphological, and molecular characteristics of lymphatics into a “biomarker” for metastatic potential.

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