Species Composition, Parous Rate, and Infection Rate of Anopheles Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Bahir Dar City Administration, Northwest Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abel Getaneh ◽  
Mulat Yimer ◽  
Megbaru Alemu ◽  
Zelalem Dejazmach ◽  
Michael Alehegn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Bahir Dar ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
City Administration ◽  
Gambiae Complex ◽  
Anopheles Mosquitoes ◽  
Predominant Species

Abstract Anopheles mosquitoes are the main vectors of malaria. There is little information on the current entomological aspects of Anopheles mosquitoes in Amhara region of northwestern Ethiopia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the prevailing species composition, parous rate, and infection rate of Anopheles mosquitoes in the Bahir Dar city administration. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January through July 2020. For this, six Centers for Disease Control and Prevention light traps (three traps indoor and three traps outdoor) were used to collect adult female Anopheles mosquitoes. The species were morphologically identified, and the parous and infection rates were determined via dissection of ovaries and salivary gland, respectively. A total of 378 adult female Anopheles mosquitoes comprised of three species (Anopheles d’thali, Anopheles rhodesiensis, and Anopheles gambiae complex) were collected and identified at the study sites. Anopheles rhodesiensis was the predominant species accounting for 90% of all collections at the Zenzelima site, followed by An. gambiae complex (6.5%). In contrast, An. gambiae complex was the predominant species at the Tis Abay site, comprising 94% of captures. The overall parous and infection rates were 35 (62.5%) and 1 (2.9%), respectively.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis with malaria or HIV co-infection in a large hospital in Luanda, Angola

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (03) ◽  
pp. 269-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emília Valadas ◽  
Augusto Gomes ◽  
Ana Sutre ◽  
Sara Brilha ◽  
Afonso Wete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Large Hospital ◽  
Predominant Species ◽  
Integrated Approaches ◽  
Overall Mortality

Introduction: Three major public health problems, tuberculosis, malaria and HIV/AIDS, are widespread in Angola, often as co-infections in the same individual. In 2009, it was assumed that 44,151 new cases of TB occurred in Angola. Interestingly, interventions such as treatment/prevention of malaria appear to reduce mortality in HIV-infected and possibly TB co-infected patients. However, despite the seriousness of the situation, current data on TB and co-infection rates are scarce. This study aimed to characterize all TB cases seen at the Hospital Sanatório de Luanda, and to determine the co-infection rate with HIV and/or malaria. Methodology: This retrospective study collected demographic, diagnostic and clinical data from all patients admitted during 2007. Results: A total of 4,666 patients were admitted, of whom 1,906 (40.8%) were diagnosed with TB. Overall, 1,111 patients (58.3%) were male and most patients (n=1302, 68.3%) were adults (≥14 years). The rate of HIV co-infection was 37.4% (n=712).  Malaria was diagnosed during admission and hospital stay in 714 patients (37.5%), with Plasmodium falciparum the predominant species. Overall mortality was 15.2% (n=290). Conclusions: Because Luanda does not have the infrastructure to perform culture-based diagnosis of TB, confirmation of TB is problematic. The HIV-co-infection rate is high, with 37.4% of patients requiring integrated approaches to address this problem. With more than 1/3 of the TB patients co-infected with malaria, even during the hospital stay, the prevention of malaria in TB patients appears to be an effective way to reduce overall mortality.

A cross-sectional of Gastro-Intestinal Helminthes of Ruminants by Coprological Examination

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-520
Author(s):  
Аль-Албуди ◽  
Mohammed Saleh Al-Aboody
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Spring Season ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Coprological Examination

In the present study 442 Fecal samples from cattle, buffaloes, and sheep for contamination with helminthes. Samples were examined from 171 cattle, 128 buffaloes, and 143 sheep. The testing, during the period from May 2014 to April 2015, showed that 81 out of 171cattle were positive for helminthes infection (47.3%), with the rate of infection higher in females (55%) than in males (40%). In buffaloes, 41 of 128 tested were positive, a 32% rate of infection. Again, the infection rate was higher in females (47%) than in males (22%). In sheep, the rate of infection was highest of all three species. The results showed that, the infection rate among cattle were 50.3% and Trichostrongyle species were the predominant parasites among both cattle and buffaloes. The prevalence rate was much higher in females than males. Regarding seasonal dynamics the highest infection rates with helminthes reported was in spring season.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of malaria in Al-Tameem Province, Iraq, 1991-2000

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 1042-1047
Author(s):  
M. A. A. Kadir ◽  
A. K. M. Ismail ◽  
S. S. Tahir
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vivax Infection ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Malarial Infection

To determine the rates of malarial infection in different areas of Al-Tameem province, we conducted a cross-sectional study from 1991 to 2000. We found an overall infection rate of 0.76% by Plasmodium vivax. Infection rates were highest in Dibis district [1.12%], followed by infections from outside the province [0.93%] and in Hawija district [0.89%], Kirkuk [0.62%] and Dakok [0.17%]. Rates of infection varied by year with the lowest rate in 1991 [0.02%] and the highest rate in 1996 [1.84%]. All ages were represented, with the highest rate of infection among 21-30-year-olds. Males had a slightly higher rate of infection [0.78%] than females [0.73%]

scholarly journals Family factors and Helicobacter pylori infection in schoolchildren in the Republic of Tuva with a high prevalence of gastric cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-170
Author(s):  
Tamara V. Polivanova ◽  
Vitaliy A. Vshivkov
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Family Factors ◽  
Bacterial Invasion ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Education And Employment ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
The Impact

Aim. To study the prevalence of H. pylori in Tuva schoolchildren with gastrointestinal manifestations and to assess the impact of the number of children in the family, education, and employment status of parents on its indices. Materials and methods. The study of H. pylori infection in 270 students aged 7-17 years (123 Caucasian, 147 Tuvans) with gastrointestinal complaints there was used morphological method, considering the affiliation of a microorganism to a CagA strain in the Republic of Tuva and evaluation of the influence of family factors on the level of bacterial invasion in children. The study groups were formed by random selection from among children with complaints in a cross-sectional clinical examination of 1535 schoolchildren. Statistical processing of the results was performed using the Pearson Chi-square criterion and logistic regression analysis - calculating the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results. The infection rate of H. pylori in Tuva schoolchildren accounted of 55.9%. Younger Tuvans had higher infection rates, indicating earlier bacterial infestation. In more than half of the cases in schoolchildren, the bacterium was identified to belong to the CagA strain, and in both ethnic populations. Among the factors considered, a positive influence of the mother’s higher education (0.33 (0.11-0.96), p = 0.043), and her social status (working profession: 3.87 (1.33-11.29), p = 0.014) on the infection rate was found in the population of Caucasians. The father’s education and employment status did not play a significant role. In the population of Tuvans, there was no association between the studied factors and the level of infection. Conclusion. In the Republic of Tuva, there is a high infection rate of H. pylori with the predominant belonging of the bacterium to the CagA strain, which is typical for territories with low sanitary and socio-economic living standards of the population. There are ethnic features of the influence of family factors on the infection rates of schoolchildren.

scholarly journals Treatment efficacy and re-infection rates of soil-transmitted helminths following mebendazole treatment in schoolchildren, Northwest Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayalew Jejaw Zeleke ◽  
Abebe Genetu Bayih ◽  
Solomon Afework ◽  
John S. Gilleard
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminths ◽  
Treatment Data

Abstract Background Transmission of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infection remains high in Ethiopia. This study aimed at assessing the therapeutic efficacy of mebendazole against soil-transmitted helminths and determining the re-infection rates of the parasites among schoolchildren in Northwest Ethiopia. Methods A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Stool specimens were examined using direct wet mount microscopy and Kato-Katz methods. Schoolchildren who tested positive for soil-transmitted helminths were treated with 500 mg single-dose of mebendazole. Cure and egg reduction rates were evaluated 2 to 3 weeks post treatment. Moreover, the re-infection rate of these parasites among those who were cured was determined 1 year after treatment. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. P value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Result A drug efficacy study was conducted on 62, 52, and 14 children infected by Ascaris lumbricoides (A. lumbricoides), hookworm, and Trichuris trichiura (T. trichiura), respectively. The cure rates (CR) of mebendazole against A. lumbricoides, hookworm, and T. trichiura were found to be 96.9%, 23.1%, and, 28.6%, respectively. The egg reduction rate (ERR) of A. lumbricoides was found to be 99.6% whereas 49.6% and 56.3% were reported for hookworm and T. trichiura, respectively. Eighty schoolchildren who were treated and cured from any STH infections were included for the determination of re-infection rate. Out of 80 children, 36.3% (29/80) were found to be re-infected after 1 year: 22 (75.9%), 6 (20.7%), and 1 (1.3%) of study participants were re-infected with A. lumbricoides, hookworm, and both infections, respectively. All re-infections were grouped under the “light infection” category. Conclusion Mebendazole was found to be highly effective against A. lumbricoides, but had relatively low efficacy against hookworms and T. trichiura. These results bring into question the use of mebendazole in STH mass drug administration (MDA) programs in this region if albendazole, a drug with higher efficacy against hookworms, is available. Moreover, a significant number of treated children were re-infected with either or both of A. lumbricoides or hookworms 1 year after treatment emphasizing the need for better integrated intestinal helminthiasis control measures.

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