Excretion of the two Biologically Active Forms of Ascorbic Acid and of Diketogulonic Acid by Human Subjects

1951 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-172
Author(s):  
S. D. Chen ◽  
C. Schuck
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Biologically Active

Plasma ascorbic acid concentrations relate inversely to blood pressure in human subjects

1993 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
J P Moran ◽  
L Cohen ◽  
J M Greene ◽  
G Xu ◽  
E B Feldman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Plasma Ascorbic Acid

scholarly journals Gas Separation Membranes upon Production of Functional Berry Juice

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 6616-6619
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Gas Separation ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Juice Quality ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Gas Separation Membrane ◽  
Separation Membranes ◽  
Gas Separation Membranes ◽  
Separation Membrane ◽  
New Generation

Nowadays manufacturing of new-generation food, including functional products, is especially important. Drinks based on fruits and berries are considered at present as optimum form of food required for organism replenishment with biologically active components and vitamins aiming at organism recovery. The retention of valuable components of fruits and berries is of great concern during such production. In order to produce functional juices, it is required to decrease oxygen amount upon their production in order to prevent destructive changes in drink, to improve its quality, to perform subsequent procedures and preservation. It is proposed to modify deaeration and to apply advanced equipment: deaerator with gas separation membrane which would allow to remove higher oxygen amount in comparison with the existing equipment while producing juices of predefined quality with high content of vitamins. The experiments were carried out with freshly squeezed black current juices using a vacuum unit, an Expert-009 analyzer of dissolved oxygen with optical sensor, a gas separation membrane. The juice quality was determined by its content of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) since it is destroyed under impact of oxygen. The content of ascorbic acid during storage was measured on juices produced by different deaeration procedures. The obtained experimental results proved efficiency of membrane application during juice production showing high content of vitamins. The content of ascorbic acid during storage was higher in the juice after deaeration using gas separation membrane in comparison with the juice without treatment and with the juice after vacuum deaeration. Therefore, the most efficient method to achieve the best removal of oxygen from juice is preheating of juice to 65°C with subsequent application of deaerator with gas separation membrane, subsequent packing and cooling of final product.

scholarly journals Flowers of Campanula species as a source of biologically active substances

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 00033
Author(s):  
Tatiana Fomina ◽  
Tatiana Kukushkina
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
First Time ◽  
Active Substances

The content of the major groups of biologically active substances in flowers of 7 Campanula species, cultivated in the forest-steppe of Western Siberia, were investigated for the first time. Freshly collected flowers were found to contain 0.06-0.15 % of catechins, 0.31-3.17 % of flavonols, 3.31-6.47 % of tannins, 3.10-15.57 % of pectic substances, and 0.66-16.4 mg% of carotenoids calculated per absolute dre weight of raw material. The amount of ascorbic acid was 36.9-114.0 mg% per wet weight. The data indicate that Campanula flowers are promising for the production of phenolic compounds, the development of food additives and fresh consumptions a seasoning.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON BIOASSAY AND RADIOIMMUNOASSAY OF VASOPRESSIN IN HUMAN URINE

1978 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Dencker Christensen ◽  
Svend Erik Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Urine Osmolality ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Fluid Restriction ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Water Load ◽  
Second Peak ◽  
Total Fluid

ABSTRACT The excretion of vasopressin in urine from healthy human subjects under different stages of hydration was estimated in urine extracts by bioassay (rat antidiuresis) and radioimmunoassay. In normally hydrated subjects the excretion was 490 ± 164 μU/h and 430 ± 133 μU/h for bioassay and radioimmunoassay respectively (mean ± sem, n = 5). After total fluid restriction for 10 to 12 h the excretion increased to 1370 ± 329 μU/h for bioassay and 1163 ± 279 μU/h for radioimmunoassay (mean ± sem, n = 6). An oral water load (25 ml/kg) reduced the value to 169 μU/h (bioassay) and 118 μU/h (radioimmunoassay) (mean, n = 2). In general the biological estimations were 20 % higher than the immunological estimations (P < 0.01). The urinary vasopressin excretion was positively correlated to urine osmolality. Synthetic arginine vasopressin (AVP) and urine extracts were both heterogeneous in ion exchange chromatography. The immunoreactive material was always eluted in 2 peaks, situated at the same places in the elution diagram. The material in the second peak was biologically active. The first peak from the AVP standard was biologically inactive, whereas the same peak from urine extract was active. This peak was shown to be an artefact formed during the extraction procedure.

scholarly journals Phytochemicals and cancer

2007 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian T. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Carcinogenic Activity ◽  
Plant Foods ◽  
Carcinogenic Effects

Epidemiological studies showing a protective effect of diets rich in fruits and vegetables against cancer have focused attention on the possibility that biologically-active plant secondary metabolites exert anti-carcinogenic activity. This huge group of compounds, now collectively termed ‘phytochemicals’, provides much of the flavour and colour of edible plants and the beverages derived from them. Many of these compounds also exert anti-carcinogenic effects in animal models of cancer, and much progress has been made in defining their many biological activities at the molecular level. Such mechanisms include the detoxification and enhanced excretion of carcinogens, the suppression of inflammatory processes such as cyclooxygenase-2 expression, inhibition of mitosis and the induction of apoptosis at various stages in the progression and promotion of cancer. However, much of the research on phytochemicals has been conducted in vitro, with little regard to the bioavailability and metabolism of the compounds studied. Many phytochemicals present in plant foods are poorly absorbed by human subjects, and this fraction usually undergoes metabolism and rapid excretion. Some compounds that do exert anti-carcinogenic effects at realistic doses may contribute to the putative benefits of plant foods such as berries, brassica vegetables and tea, but further research with human subjects is required to fully confirm and quantify such benefits. Chemoprevention using pharmacological doses of isolated compounds, or the development of ‘customised’ vegetables, may prove valuable but such strategies require a full risk–benefit analysis based on a thorough understanding of the long-term biological effects of what are often surprisingly active compounds.

scholarly journals Association between Hydrogen Peroxide-Dependent Byproducts of Ascorbic Acid and Increased Hepatic Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Activity

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 1462-1471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Knafo ◽  
Philippe Chessex ◽  
Thérèse Rouleau ◽  
Jean-Claude Lavoie
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Dehydroascorbic Acid ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Urinary Concentration ◽  
Acetyl Coa Carboxylase ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Acetyl Coa ◽  
Carboxylase Activity

Abstract Background: Parenteral multivitamin preparation (MVP) induces fatty liver in neonatal guinea pig pups; this is prevented by photoprotection. Photo-excited riboflavin present in MVP generates H2O2 and molecules with masses of 136 and 208. We hypothesized that H2O2 initiates the peroxidation of ascorbic acid (AA), producing biologically active byproducts affecting hepatic lipid metabolism. Methods: Mass spectrometry (MS) documented the participation of H2O2 and photo-excited riboflavin (Ribo) in the formation of AA byproducts. Sixteen 3-day-old guinea pig pups received an intravenous solution (50 g/L dextrose + 4.5 g/L NaCl + 1 kIU/L heparin) at 240 mL · kg−1 · day−1, enriched with control or test mixtures, for 4 days. The control mixture was photo-protected AA + Ribo (without byproducts or H2O2), and the test mixture was AA + Ribo treated to generate AA byproducts without H2O2. Hepatic acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) activity was determined after 4 days. Fourth-day urine samples were analyzed by MS. Data were treated by ANOVA (α = 0.05). Results: H2O2 did not influence the classic degradation of AA, as the generation of 2,3-diketogulonic acid was not affected. In contrast, the formation of molecules with masses of 136 and 208 was H2O2 and time dependent. ACC activity was higher (P &lt;0.01) in animals receiving high concentration of these molecules; its hepatic activation correlated (P &lt;0.01) with the urinary concentration of molecule-208. Conclusions: H2O2 at concentrations found in the clinical setting of total parenteral nutrition induce the transformation of dehydroascorbic acid into compounds that have the potential to affect lipid metabolism. These molecules have peroxide and aldehyde functions.

scholarly journals Recommendations for Nanomedicine Human Subjects Research Oversight: An Evolutionary Approach for an Emerging Field

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 716-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leili Fatehi ◽  
Susan M. Wolf ◽  
Jeffrey McCullough ◽  
Ralph Hall ◽  
Frances Lawrenz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Devices ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
High Surface ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Implantable Medical Devices ◽  
Research Oversight ◽  
Insoluble Drugs ◽  
Drug Eluting

Nanomedicine is yielding new and improved treatments and diagnostics for a range of diseases and disorders. Nanomedicine applications incorporate materials and components with nanoscale dimensions (often defined as 1-100 nm, but sometimes defined to include dimensions up to 1000 nm, as discussed further below) where novel physiochemical properties emerge as a result of size-dependent phenomena and high surface-to-mass ratio. Nanotherapeutics and in vivo nanodiagnostics are a subset of nanomedicine products that enter the human body. These include drugs, biological products (biologics), implantable medical devices, and combination products that are designed to function in the body in ways unachievable at larger scales. Nanotherapeutics and in vivo nanodiagnostics incorporate materials that are engineered at the nanoscale to express novel properties that are medicinally useful. These nanomedicine applications can also contain nanomaterials that are biologically active, producing interactions that depend on biological triggers. Examples include nanoscale formulations of insoluble drugs to improve bioavailability and pharmacokinetics, drugs encapsulated in hollow nanoparticles with the ability to target and cross cellular and tissue membranes (including the bloodbrain barrier) and to release their payload at a specific time or location, imaging agents that demonstrate novel optical properties to aid in locating micrometastases, and antimicrobial and drug-eluting components or coatings of implantable medical devices such as stents.

scholarly journals Higher bioavailability of isoflavones after a single ingestion of a soya-based supplement than a soya-based food in young healthy males

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Vergne ◽  
Catherine Bennetau-Pelissero ◽  
Valérie Lamothe ◽  
Philippe Chantre ◽  
Mylène Potier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Crossover Trial ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Elisa Method ◽  
Isoflavone Content ◽  
Derivative Products ◽  
Healthy Males

Soya isoflavones, genistein and daidzein, are the focus of numerous studies investigating their potential effects on health and results remain controversial. Bioavailability is clearly a crucial factor influencing their bioefficacy and could explain these discrepancies. This study aimed at assessing: (1) the isoflavone content of sixty-nine European soya-derivative products sold on the French market; (2) the bioavailability of isoflavones comparing supplement with food. Twelve healthy volunteers were recruited in a randomized two-way crossover trial and received 35 mg isoflavones equivalent aglycone either through supplements or through cheese, both containing different patterns of isoflavone conjugates and different daidzein:genistein ratios. A specific ELISA method was used to assess the plasma and urinary concentrations of isoflavones and thus the pharmacokinetic parameters, which were then normalized to mg of each isoflavone ingested. Results showed that the normalized Cmax of daidzein (P = 0·002) and similarly the normalized AUC0 → ∞andCmaxof genistein (P = 0·002) from soya-based capsules were higher than that from soya-based cheese. In conclusion, this work completes studies on isoflavone bioavailability and presents new data regarding isoflavone concentrations in soya-derivative products. Assuming that isoflavone conjugation patterns do not influence isoflavone bioavailability, this study shows that isoflavones contained in capsules are more bioavailable than those contained in soya-based cheese. Although the supplement is more bioavailable, the relative importance of this is difficult to interpret as there is little evidence that supplements are biologically active in human subjects to date and further studies will be necessary for this specific supplement to prove its efficacy.

scholarly journals Evaluation of strawberry varieties by biochemical composition and commercial qualities under the conditions of Orenburg Urals

2019 ◽  
pp. 26-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Mushinsky ◽  
E. V. Aminova ◽  
Z. A. Avdeeva ◽  
T. A. Tumaevа ◽  
A. A. Borisova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Average Content ◽  
The Urals ◽  
Experimental Station

The article presents the results of studies of the chemical composition, commercial qualities and taste of berries of promising strawberry varieties breeding of the All-Russian Horticultural Institute for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery (Moscow) in the conditions of the Orenburg Urals. The studies were carried out in 2016-2018 on the basis of the Orenburg Experimental Station of Horticulture and Viticulture of the All-Russian Horticultural Institute for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery in specific conditions, where almost annually dry and moderately dry climatic periods were observed during the formation of the yield (May-June). A comparative evaluation of varieties on the content of sugars, acids, vitamin C in berries, taste and attractiveness of appearance is given. The dependence of the studied parameters on the genotype of the variety and vegetation conditions was established. Depending on the variety and year, the content of soluble solids varied from 7.2 to 10.2 %, with an average content of 8.9 %; total acidity varied from 0.8 to 1.2 %, with an average content of 1.0 %; the content of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) was from 45.1 to 78.5 mg/100 g, with an average content of 56.4 mg/100 g. Varieties with high parameters of tasting evaluation (Darenka, Kokinskaya Zarya, Studencheskaya), soluble solids (Rosinka, Studencheskaya) and ascorbic acid (Kokinskaya Zarya, Bereginya) were revealed. They are recommended to be grown to obtain fresh consumption products and as processing products of various directions. Bereginya, Darenka and Rosinka varieties surpass control varieties in certain biochemical parameters and can be used in breeding in the Urals region to obtain new genotypes with an increased content of a specific biologically active substance. The variety Tsaritsa is selected for high commodity qualities of berries (weight, dessert taste, attractiveness of appearance) and is recommended for commercial production of berries and involvement in breeding process. It has been established that the taste of berries is determined by a complex of acids, sugars and aromatic substances. This parameter was greatly influenced by weather conditions, from which air temperature and precipitations were determining.

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