scholarly journals Lactose and Digestible Maltodextrin in Milk Replacers Differently Affect Energy Metabolism and Substrate Oxidation: A Calorimetric Study in Piglets

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (12) ◽  
pp. 3114-3122
Author(s):  
Caroline Clouard ◽  
Corentin Lannuzel ◽  
Cindy Le Bourgot ◽  
Walter J J Gerrits
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Substrate Oxidation ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Calorimetric Study ◽  
Milk Replacers

ABSTRACT Background In recent years, lactose-free infant formulas have been increasingly used. Digestible maltodextrins are commonly used as a substitute for lactose in these formulas, but the effects on energy metabolism are unknown. Objective We aimed to evaluate the differences in energy metabolism and substrate oxidation in piglets fed milk replacers containing lactose compared with maltodextrin as the only source of carbohydrates. Methods Piglets (Tempo × Topigs 20) from 8 litters were fed milk replacers containing lactose or maltodextrin (28% w/w, milk powder basis) from 1 to 9 wk of age (n =  4 litters/milk replacer). At 5 wk of age, 4 females and 4 entire males (mean ± SEM bodyweight, 10 ± 0.3 kg) were selected per litter, and housed in 16 groups of 4 littermates, with 2 females and 2 males per pen (n = 8 groups/milk replacer). Between 7 and 9 wk of age, groups were housed for 72 h in climate respiration chambers, and fed their experimental milk replacer in 2 meals per day, at 08:30 and 16:30. Heat production data were calculated from the continuous measurement of gaseous exchanges and analyzed using general linear models in SAS. Results Resting metabolic rate was 6% less in maltodextrin- than in lactose-fed piglets, notably before the morning meal. The postprandial respiratory quotient was 13% greater in maltodextrin- than in lactose-fed piglets after both meals. Net rates of carbohydrate oxidation were on average 5% greater in maltodextrin- than in lactose-fed piglets, particularly after the afternoon meal, whereas net rates of fat oxidation were 9% less in maltodextrin- than in lactose-fed piglets, particularly after the morning meal. Conclusions Compared with lactose, maltodextrin in milk replacers reduced resting metabolic rate in the fasting state, and induced a shift in postprandial substrate oxidation profiles in pigs. Further research is warranted to evaluate the consequences of these metabolic changes for body composition.

DHA supplementation decreases resting metabolic rate in healthy young females

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-225
Author(s):  
Sebastian Jannas-Vela ◽  
Shannon L. Klingel ◽  
David M. Mutch ◽  
Lawrence L. Spriet
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Substrate Oxidation ◽  
Acid Supplementation ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Independent Effects ◽  
Healthy Females

This study examined the independent effects of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acid supplementation on resting metabolic rate (RMR) and substrate oxidation in young healthy females and males. EPA or DHA supplementation had no effect on RMR and substrate oxidation in males, while DHA reduced RMR by ∼7% (p < 0.01) in females. In conclusion, these data establish potential sex differences on RMR in response to DHA supplements. Novelty Supplementing with DHA decreases resting energy expenditure in healthy young females but not males.

EFFECTS OF FAT LEVELS IN MILK REPLACERS AND PROTEIN LEVELS IN CREEP FEED ON THE PERFORMANCE OF ARTIFICIALLY REARED LAMBS

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-381
Author(s):  
A. D. L. GORRILL ◽  
J. W. G. NICHOLSON ◽  
T. M. MACINTYRE
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Creep Feed ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Milk Replacers

Two growth trials were conducted to determine an optimum level of fat in milk replacer and an optimum level of protein in creep feed for artificially reared lambs. In experiment 1, milk replacers containing 31 or 36% fat (dry matter, DM, basis) were fed ad libitum to 58 lambs at 1 day of age. The protein was supplied by low-heat spray-dried skim milk powder and Na caseinate and the fat from a mixture of 10% coconut oil and 90% tallow. A finely ground unpelleted creep feed with 20% protein, on a DM basis, was fed ad libitum. The lambs consumed more of the 31% fat milk replacer and gained more live weight (288 vs. 254 g/day; P < 0.025) to weaning at 25–30 days of age than did lambs fed the 36% fat formula. Weight gains to 10 wk of age were 190 and 170 g/day, respectively (P < 0.10). In experiment 2, 84 lambs were fed a 26% fat milk replacer ad libitum, and creep feeds with 15, 20 or 25% protein (DM basis). The supplementary protein was supplied by herring meal and soybean meal. Weight gains of lambs to weaning at 24 days of age were similar on the three creep feeds. However, gains to 10 wk of age averaged 218, 235 and 244 g/day (P < 0.05) on the 15, 20 and 25% protein diets, respectively. One and 2 kg of DM were consumed/kg lamb body weight gain to weaning and to 10 wk of age, respectively. It was concluded that the milk replacer should contain 26–31% fat, and the creep feed 20% protein or more for maximal performance of artificially reared lambs.

Effect of age on cold acclimation in rats: metabolic and behavioral responses

1991 ◽  
Vol 260 (2) ◽  
pp. R284-R289 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Owen ◽  
R. L. Spencer ◽  
S. P. Duckles
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Reduced Body

To determine whether senescence affects the metabolic and behavioral responses of rats to chronic cold exposure, 8- and 22-mo-old male Fischer 344 rats were studied before and after 6 wk of cold (6-10 degrees C) exposure. Measurements of body weight, food consumption, oxygen consumption, body temperature, and ambient temperature selection in a thermocline (7-37 degrees C linear gradient) were made at regular intervals throughout the acclimation period. Before acclimation, age groups differed significantly only by weight. During acclimation, older rats had increased mortality and morbidity below 10 degrees C. After acclimation at 10 degrees C, younger and older rats both selected cooler ambient temperatures (7 and 5 degrees C cooler than preacclimation, respectively), and older rats had a significantly greater decrease in body temperature in the thermocline. Both age groups increased resting metabolic rate at 25 degrees C with cold acclimation (16.5 and 10% increase for younger and older rats, respectively). This study indicates distinct differences in metabolic and behavioral responses of younger and older rats to cold acclimation. Chronic cold exposure is detrimental to thermoregulatory function in older rats, since it is not as effective in stimulating sustained increases in metabolic rate in older rats as in young adults and it leads to a preference for cooler ambient temperatures, resulting in increased heat loss and reduced body temperature.

scholarly journals Effects of a Single Dose of BURN-XT™ on Resting Metabolic Rate, Substrate Oxidation, and Various Indices of Affect

2022 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael La Monica ◽  
Tim Ziegenfuss ◽  
Hector Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Substrate Oxidation ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Over The Counter

Introduction: Many consumers use dietary supplements in the hopes of increasing energy and burning more calories, which if sustained over time may help accelerate weight loss. The purpose of this clinical trial was to investigate the effects of an over-the-counter thermogenic supplement called Burn-XT™ (BXT) on metabolic rate, substrate oxidation, and various psychometric indices of affect that impact weight management.  Methods: Using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over design, 16 women and 10 men (29.3 ± 7.3 yr, 169.4 ± 8.6 cm, 75.5 ± 14.3 kg) underwent two testing sessions: placebo (PL) and BXT.  Seated metabolic rate and substrate oxidation, vital signs, and anchored visual analogue scale (VAS) assessments of energy, mood, motivation, focus, fatigue, concentration, and appetite were made before supplementation and hourly for three hours post-ingestion. Two-factor (2x4) factorial ANOVAs and paired sample t-tests (corrected for multiple comparisons) were used for analyses. Results: Significant increases in metabolic rate (oxygen consumption) were noted at 60 minutes in BXT (+11.9 mL O2/min) vs. PL (-2.5 mL O2/min), p = 0.004, d = -0.74.  Only BXT increased metabolic rate compared to baseline at 60 minutes (+11.9 mL O2/min, p = 0.021, d = -0.53) and 120 minutes (+12.1 mL O2/min, p = 0.019, d = -0.54).  The AUC for resting energy expenditure increased more in BXT vs. PL (p = 0.007, d = -0.57).  VAS detected significant improvements in energy, mood, focus, and concentration for BXT vs. PL at 120 and 180 minutes (all p < 0.05, d = -0.58 to -0.68).  In all cases, within-group changes from baseline for these VAS parameters were significant (all p < 0.05, d = -0.76 to -1.38) in BXT but not in PL.  No within or between group differences in appetite, substrate oxidation, or heart rate were noted.  Small (~3-4 mm Hg), but statistically significant (p < 0.05, d = -0.51 to -0.69) increases in diastolic blood pressure were noted in BXT at 60, 120, and 180 min vs. PL; and in systolic blood pressure at 60 min vs. PL. In all cases, values remained within normal clinical hemodynamic ranges. Conclusions: A single dose of BXT safely increased metabolic rate, energy, mood, focus, and concentration. Given that these factors are known to favorably impact weight management, future studies should determine whether daily supplementation with BXT reduces body weight and improves body composition.

Maltodextrins vs lactose alters resting metabolic rate and substrate oxidation in piglets

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Clouard ◽  
S. de Vries ◽  
C. Lannuzel ◽  
F. Respondek ◽  
C. Le Bourgot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Substrate Oxidation

scholarly journals The effects of physical exercise on metabolic rate and dietary-induced thermogenesis

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gleeson ◽  
J. F. Brown ◽  
J. J. Waring ◽  
M. J. Stock
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Similar Body

1. The energy metabolism of ad lib.-fed adult male Wistar rats receiving daily running exercise (0·9 km/d; 8° incline) on a motor-driven treadmill, over a period of 56 d, was compared with that of sedentary ad lib.-fed rats and sedentary restricted-fed rats of similar body-weight (approximately 420 g).2. The metabolizable energy of the diet (Oxoid 41B) was 11·44 ± 0·05 kJ/g. This value was not affected by restricted feeding (70% ad lib.), exercise training or exercise itself.3. Exercise-trained rats ate 5% more food than the sedentary ad lib.-fed rats but their equilibrium body-weight was 60 g lower than that of the latter group.4. Resting metabolic rate, measured over 22 h in a respiration chamber was increased by 10% in exercise-trained animals.5. Feeding increased energy expenditure (dietary-induced thermogenesis) and this effect was potentiated by performance of an exercise task.6. Exercise-trained rats exhibited anticipatory rises in energy expenditure (approximately 40%) when placed on a stationary treadmill.7. Treadmill work increased energy expenditure by a factor of 1·9–2·4.8. The energy cost of the exercise, determined by respiration calorimetry was 66–80 J/g per km. These energy costs did not account for all the differences observed in food energy consumption of exercise-trained and sedentary rats of equal body-weight.9. It is concluded that regular physical exercise increases energy expenditure by factors additional to the energy requirement directly related to the physical work. These factors include an increased resting metabolic rale in exercise-trained rats, increased dietary thermogenesis induced by exercise and anticipatory increases in energy metabolism during the period preceding exercise.

Resistance Training and Energy Balance

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric T. Poehlman ◽  
Christopher Melby
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Substrate Oxidation ◽  
Daily Energy Expenditure ◽  
Daily Energy

In this brief review we examine the effects of resistance training on energy expenditure. The components of daily energy expenditure are described, and methods of measuring daily energy expenditure are discussed. Cross-sectional and exercise intervention studies are examined with respect to their effects on resting metabolic rate, physical activity energy expenditure, postexercise oxygen consumption, and substrate oxidation in younger and older individuals. Evidence is presented to suggest that although resistance training may elevate resting metabolic rate, il does not substantially enhance daily energy expenditure in free-living individuals. Several studies indicate that intense resistance exercise increases postexercise oxygen consumption and shifts substrate oxidation toward a greater reliance on fat oxidation. Preliminary evidence suggests that although resistance training increases muscular strength and endurance, its effects on energy balance and regulation of body weight appear to be primarily mediated by its effects on body composition (e.g., increasing fat-free mass) rather than by the direct energy costs of the resistance exercise.

FISH PROTEIN CONCENTRATE (CONMAR 80) OR REFINED SOY FLOUR AS SUBSTITUTES FOR SKIM MILK POWDER IN CALF MILK REPLACERS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1155-1161
Author(s):  
H. DEBOER ◽  
R. R. HACKER ◽  
S. LEESON ◽  
V. WAGEMANS
Keyword(s):  
Milk Powder ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Skim Milk Powder ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Soy Flour ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Calf Performance ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Milk Replacers

A new commercial hexane-extracted fish meal, Conmar 80, (80% CP) and soy flour were used as protein sources in milk replacer diets for young dairy calves. Three milk replacers, identical in composition except for the diet protein source, were offered in two experiments to Holstein Friesian male calves. The three treatments were: 50% skim milk (SM), 27% whey (W); 22% SM, 47% W, 9% Conmar 80; and 22% SM, 42% W, 15% soy flour. The first experiment compared calf performance parameters and a second experiment compared digestibility parameters for the three diets. A total of 132 Holstein calves were involved in trial 1 and 12 Holstein calves in trial 2. Calf performance, feed efficiency and mortality were not different from controls when Conmar 80 was included as a protein source (36%) in milk replacer. Partial replacement of skim milk powder with soy flour as 37% of the protein source gave lower average daily gains, a higher feed conversion and mortality rate. The digestibility data for all rations were similar. The results indicated that approximately one-third of the protein in milk replacer could be provided by fish protein concentrate in place of skim milk powder without any reduction in calf performance. Key words: Dairy calves, milk replacer, performance, Conmar 80

Changes in Resting Metabolic Rate and Substrate Oxidation after 16 Months of Exercise Training in Overweight Adults

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Potteiger ◽  
Erik P. Kirk ◽  
Dennis J. Jacobsen ◽  
Joseph E. Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Substrate Oxidation ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise

Purpose:To determine whether 16 months of moderate-intensity exercise training changes resting metabolic rate (RMR) and substrate oxidation in overweight young adults.Methods:Participants were randomly assigned to nonexercise control (CON, 18 women, 15 men) or exercise (EX, 25 women, 16 men) groups. EX performed supervised and verified exercise 3–5 d/wk, 20–45 min/session, at 60–75% of heart-rate reserve. Body mass and composition, maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), RMR, and resting substrate oxidation were assessed at baseline and after 9 and 16 months of training.Results:EX men had significant decreases from baseline to 9 months in body mass (94.6 ± 12.4 to 89.2 ± 9.5 kg) and percent fat (28.3 ± 4.6 to 24.5 ± 3.9). CON women had significant increases in body mass (80.2 ± 8.1 to 83.2 ± 9.2 kg) from baseline to 16 months. VO2max increased significantly from baseline to 9 months in the EX men (3.67 ± 0.62 to 4.34 ± 0.58 L/min) and EX women (2.53 ± 0.32 to 3.03 ± 0.42 L/min). RMR increased from baseline to 9 months in EX women (1,583 ± 221 to 1,692 ± 230 kcal/d) and EX men (1,995 ± 184 to 2,025 ± 209 kcal/d). There were no significant differences within genders for either EX or CON in fat or carbohydrate oxidation. Fat oxidation was significantly higher for women than for men at 9 months in both CON and EX groups.Conclusions:Regular moderate-intensity exercise in healthy, previously sedentary overweight and obese adults increases RMR but does not alter resting substrate oxidation. Women tend to have higher RMR and greater fat oxidation, when expressed per kilogram fat-free mass, than men.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document