scholarly journals Variable Glycemic Responses to Intact and Hydrolyzed Milk Proteins in Overweight and Obese Adults Reveal the Need for Precision Nutrition

2019 ◽  
Vol 149 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aoife M Curran ◽  
Katy Horner ◽  
Victoria O'Sullivan ◽  
Alice B Nongonierma ◽  
Solène Le Maux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Background Dietary modifications can contribute to improved pancreatic β cell function and enhance glycemic control. Objectives The objectives of this study were as follows: 1) to investigate the potential of milk protein hydrolysates to modulate postprandial glucose response; 2) to assess individual responses; and 3) to explore the inter- and intraindividual reproducibility of the response. Methods A 14-d randomized crossover study investigated interstitial glucose levels of participants in response to 12% w/v milk protein drinks (intact caseinate and casein hydrolysate A and B) consumed in random order with a 2-d washout between treatments. Milk protein drinks were consumed immediately prior to study breakfast and evening meals. Twenty participants (11 men, 9 women) aged 50 ± 8 y with a body mass index (in kg/m2) of 30.2 ± 3.1 were recruited. Primary outcome was glucose levels assessed at 15-min intervals with the use of glucose monitors. Results Repeated-measures ANOVA revealed that for breakfast there was a significant difference across the 3 treatment groups (P = 0.037). The ability to reduce postprandial glucose was specific to casein hydrolysate B in comparison with intact caseinate (P = 0.039). However, despite this significant difference, further examination revealed that only 3 out of 18 individuals were classified as responders (P < 0.05). High intraclass correlation coefficients were obtained for glucose response to study meals (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.892 for breakfast with intact caseinate). The interindividual CVs were higher than the intraindividual CVs. Mean inter- and intraindividual CVs were 19.4% and 5.7%, respectively, for breakfast with intact caseinate. Conclusion Ingestion of a specific casein hydrolysate successfully reduced the postprandial glucose response; however, at an individual level only 3 participants were classified as responders, highlighting the need for precision nutrition. Exploration of high interindividual responses to nutrition interventions is needed, in combination with the development of precision nutrition, potentially through an n-of-1 approach. This clinical trial was registered as ISRCTN61079365 (https://www.isrctn.com/).

scholarly journals Starch and fibre intake and glucose postprandial response of dogs

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 354-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Monti ◽  
Guilherme Roberto Palumbo ◽  
Mariana Vieira de Paula Pinto ◽  
Thaila Cristina Putarov ◽  
Bruna Agy Loureiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Soluble Fibre ◽  
Fibre Intake ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Insoluble Fibre ◽  
Main Factor

ABSTRACT: Fibre has been studied to reduce the postprandial glucose response of dogs, but the results are inconsistent. Starch intake, however, was not properly considered in the published studies. The effects of starch and fibre intake on the postprandial glucose response were studied in non-obese adult dogs. Cellulose (CEL), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), pea fibre (PE) and sugarcane fibre (SCF) were combined to form six diets with starch contents ranging from 33% to 42%: SCF+CEL and PE+CEL diets, both with high insoluble fibre (IF=22%) and low soluble fibre (SF=2.5%) content; SCF+CMC and PE+CMC diets with high SF (SF=4.5%; IF=19%) content; and CMC and CEL diets with low dietary fibre (14%) content. The diets were fed in two amounts, providing an intake of 9.5g or 12.5g of starch (kg0.75)-1 day-1, totaling 12 treatments. Each diet was fed to six dogs conditioned to consume all of the daily food in 10min. Their plasma glucose levels were measured before and during 480min after food intake. Results of fibre and starch intake and their interactions were compared by repeated measures ANOVA and the Tukey test (P<0.05). Fibre intake did not change the glucose postprandial responses (P>0.05). High-dose starch intake, however, induced a higher glycaemia at 180 and 240min after the meal and a greater maximal glycaemia and greater area under the glucose curve (P<0.05). A range in insoluble and soluble fibre intake does not change postprandial glucose response, and the amount of starch intake is a main factor for the postprandial glucose response of healthy non-obese dogs.

scholarly journals Development of Immunohistochemical Methods for Casein Detection in Meat Products

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Ludmila Kalčáková ◽  
Matej Pospiech ◽  
Bohuslava Tremlová ◽  
Zdeňka Javůrková ◽  
Irina Chernukha
Keyword(s):  
Milk Protein ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Increase Production Efficiency ◽  
Allergenic Potential ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dairy Ingredients ◽  
Immunohistochemical Methods

To increase production efficiency of meat products, milk protein additives are often used. Despite a number of advantages, use of dairy ingredients involves a certain risk, namely the allergenic potential of milk proteins. A number of methods have been developed to detect milk-origin raw materials in foodstuffs, including immunological reference methods. This study presents newly developed immunohistochemical (IHC) methods for casein detection in meat products. Casein was successfully detected directly in meat products where sensitivity was determined at 1.21 and specificity at 0.28. The results obtained from the IHC were compared with the Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) and there was no statistically significant difference between the IHC and ELISA methods (p > 0.05). The correspondence between the methods was 72% in total. The highest correspondence was reached in frankfurters (90%), the lowest in canned pâté (44%).

scholarly journals Does eating a reheated starchy carbohydrate meal improve postprandial glycaemia?

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracey Robertson ◽  
Jonathan Brown ◽  
Barbara Fielding ◽  
Nicola Jackson ◽  
Roman Hovorka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Cooking Methods ◽  
Postprandial Glycaemia ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Reheating Process ◽  
Postprandial Insulin ◽  
Carbohydrate Meal

AbstractIncreased postprandial glycaemia and reduced insulin sensitivity are associated with development of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). Maintaining a normal glucose response is important both for healthy individuals, for disease prevention, and for those with T2D, to prevent development of diabetes-related complications. Chilling previously-cooked starchy carbohydrate (CHO) results in retrogradation of some of the starch to form resistant starch (RS). RS is not absorbed in the small intestine and consequently does not contribute to the postprandial glucose excursion. Reheating the CHO, however, reverses this process, reducing some of the RS content. RS type 5 is formed in the laboratory by heating starch with free fatty acids; there is limited evidence for its formation using domestic cooking methods and real foods. Furthermore it is unclear whether this would translate into a noticeable effect on postprandial glucose metabolism.In this randomised crossover study, 8 participants attended two study days; at one they consumed a freshly cooked mashed potato meal (203 g boiled potato, 25 g butter) at the other they consumed an identical meal which had been chilled for 66 h then microwave reheated. The potatoes were intrinsically labelled with [U-13C]starch, and participants received a variable [6,6-2H2]glucose infusion, allowing detailed glucose flux modelling. Venous blood samples were taken for 6 h postprandially.There was no significant effect on postprandial glucose, however repeated measures ANOVA on postprandial insulin time-point data found a significant difference between meals (p = 0.026), with a 24% reduction in incremental area under the curve (0–120 min) and 21% reduction in insulin peak between freshly cooked and reheated meals. There were no significant effects on rate of appearance of glucose into the plasma from the gut (Ra) or on endogenous (hepatic) glucose production (EGP), however there was a strong trend for a reduced rate of glucose disposal (uptake into tissues, Rd) following the reheated meal (p = 0.054).It is hypothesised that RS was formed in the reheated meal by the chilling and reheating process; this will be verified by in vitro work later in the project. The attenuation of the postprandial insulin response with no significant effect on EGP suggests enhanced hepatic insulin sensitivity following the reheated meal as a possible mechanism for the effects of RS on postprandial glycaemia. This study demonstrates that making simple changes to the way a starchy carbohydrate meal is prepared can have significant beneficial effects on postprandial glucose metabolism.

scholarly journals Assessment of Blood Glucose and Electrolytes during Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients of Pakistan

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Muhammad Bilal ◽  
Abdul Haseeb ◽  
Mohammad Hassaan Khan ◽  
Akash Khetpal ◽  
Muhammad Saad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Blood Electrolytes ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Significant Difference

<p><strong>INTRODUCTION: </strong>Perioperative hyperglycemia has been shown to be related to higher levels of morbidity and mortality in patients on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), both diabetic and non-diabetic. Blood electrolytes, like sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride play a very important role in the normal functioning of the body and can lead to a variety of clinical disorders if they become deficient. A minimal number of studies have been conducted on the simultaneous perioperative changes in both blood glucose and electrolyte levels during CPB in Pakistan. Therefore, our aim is to record and compare the changes in blood glucose and electrolyte levels during CPB in diabetic and non-diabetic patients.</p><p><strong>MATERIALS &amp; METHODS: </strong>This was a prospective, observational study conducted on 200 patients who underwent CABG with CPB, from October 2014 to March 2015. The patients were recruited from the Cardiac Surgery Ward, Civil Hospital Karachi after they complied with the inclusion criteria. Repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the trend of the changes perioperatively for the two groups.</p><p><strong>RESULTS: </strong>There was no significant difference in changes in blood glucose between the two groups (<em>P</em> = 0.62). The only significant difference detected between the two groups was for PaCO<sub>2</sub> (<em>P</em> = 0.001). Besides, further analysis revealed insignificant group differences for the trend changes in other blood electrolytes (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05).</p><p><strong>CONCLUSION: </strong>Our findings highlighted that there is no significant difference in blood electrolytes changes and the increase in blood glucose levels between diabetic and non-diabetic patients.</p>

scholarly journals A Clinical Shoulder Proprioception Test Shows Good Reliability, and Decreased Shoulder Joint Position Sense Due to Local Fatigue in Handballers: A Repeated Measures Design

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Sutton ◽  
Marie Ohlsson ◽  
Ulrik Röijezon
Keyword(s):  
Shoulder Joint ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Specialized Equipment

Abstract Background: Assessment of shoulder proprioception outside the laboratory in the absence of specialized equipment remains a challenge with field-based tests often lacking good reliability, validity and feasibility. This study aimed to enhance the knowledge base surrounding the assessment of shoulder proprioception and investigated the effect of fatigue on shoulder joint position sense (JPS) amongst amateur male handball players.Method: 27 healthy recreationally active participants and 13 amateur male handball players undertook two sessions of active JPS tests using laser pen technology and a calibrated 2-dimensional target to assess test-retest reliability. The active JPS test was then utilized on the subgroup of handball players who were subjected to five bouts of a repeated throwing task in order to investigate the effect of local fatigue on shoulder JPS. Results: The intraclass correlation coefficient for the active JPS test was 0.78 (95% CI = [0.57; 0.89]). Standard error of measurement between trials was 0.70° (range 0.57°-0.90°). For the throwing task, repeated measures analysis of variance revealed a significant interaction for arm x bout (F5=2.74, p=0.028) and a significant effect for arm (F1=5.85, p=0.034). Post hoc analysis showed a significant difference between throwing arm and non-throwing arm after throwing bout one (p=0.036), three (p=0.026) and four (p=0.041). Conclusion: Assessment of the active JPS test showed acceptable reliability and measurement error. Repeated throwing to fatigue decreased shoulder JPS in amateur male handball players which indicate validity of the test to identify reduced proprioception.

scholarly journals Postprandial Effects of a Proprietary Milk Protein Hydrolysate Containing Bioactive Peptides in Prediabetic Subjects

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Sartorius ◽  
Andrea Weidner ◽  
Tanita Dharsono ◽  
Audrey Boulier ◽  
Manfred Wilhelm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Protein ◽  
Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Whey Proteins ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Native Whey ◽  
Milk Peptides ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Insulinotropic Effect ◽  
The Impact

Milk proteins have been hypothesized to protect against type 2 diabetes (T2DM) by beneficially modulating glycemic response, predominantly in the postprandial status. This potential is, amongst others, attributed to the high content of whey proteins, which are commonly a product of cheese production. However, native whey has received substantial attention due to its higher leucine content, and its postprandial glycemic effect has not been assessed thus far in prediabetes. In the present study, the impact of a milk protein hydrolysate of native whey origin with alpha-glucosidase inhibiting properties was determined in prediabetics in a randomized, cross-over trial. Subjects received a single dose of placebo or low- or high-dosed milk protein hydrolysate prior to a challenge meal high in carbohydrates. Concentration–time curves of glucose and insulin were assessed. Incremental areas under the curve (iAUC) of glucose as the primary outcome were significantly reduced by low-dosed milk peptides compared to placebo (p = 0.0472), and a minor insulinotropic effect was seen. A longer intervention period with the low-dosed product did not strengthen glucose response but significantly reduced HbA1c values (p = 0.0244). In conclusion, the current milk protein hydrolysate of native whey origin has the potential to modulate postprandial hyperglycemia and hence may contribute in reducing the future risk of developing T2DM.

Changes in glucose levels and fecal excretion of lipids due to consumption of yacon flour

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 791-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juciane de Abreu Ribeiro Pereira ◽  
Maria de Fátima Piccolo Barcelos ◽  
Eric Batista Ferreira ◽  
Rafaela Corrêa Pereira ◽  
Michel Cardoso de Angelis-Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Disease Risk ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Postprandial Glycemia ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Animal Feces

Purpose As studies investigating the effects of fructan sources, such as yacon, on glucose and lipid metabolism showed different results, additional research is required to establish a clear relationship between them. Thus, this paper aims to evaluate possible effects of the consumption of the yacon pulp flour (YPF) on biological and metabolic parameters such as food consumption, weight gain, serum glucose levels and fecal lipid excretion of rats, as well as determine the role of glycemic index (GI) of the diets added of this ingredient on those parameters. Design/methodology/approach For this purpose, 24 male albino Wistar rats were divided into four groups, which received the following treatments for 17 days: Group 1 (G1) (Control) – American Institute of Nutrition (AIN)-M; Group 2 (G2) – AIN-M added 5 per cent YPF; Group 3 (G3) – AIN-M added 10 per cent YPF and Group 4 (G4) – AIN-M added 15 per cent YPF. Analysis of fasting and postprandial glycemia was conducted for elaboration of the glycemic curve and calculation of the GI of the diets. Lipids loss was measured by quantification of crude fat in feces after consumption of the diet. Findings YPF, regarding the concentration in the diets, did not elevate the fasting glucose among the groups. The postprandial glucose of the animals declined in different postprandial glucose peaks of the groups ingesting YPF in relation to the control one, especially in group treated with 15 per cent YPF, between 30 and 60 min (p <0,05), confirming the influence of the dietary fiber on the absorption of the glucose. The ingestion of YPF increased dragging of lipids to the animal feces, proportional to the amounts of YPF added to the diets. According to the regression analysis, followed by regression testing to 5 per cent, there was a significant difference between the experimental groups, being that the elevation of the percentage of YPF added to the diet caused a proportional increase in the lipid levels in the animal feces. Originality/value YPF could be an alimentary source of interest, mainly when the focus is on disease risk prevention such as diabetes, obesity and dyslipidemias.

scholarly journals The Reliability of a Functional Agility Test for Water Polo

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Tucher ◽  
Flávio Antonio de Souza Castro ◽  
Nuno Domingos Garrido ◽  
Antonio José Rocha Martins da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Careful Selection ◽  
Reliability Measures ◽  
Water Polo ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractFew functional agility tests for water polo take into consideration its specific characteristics. The preliminary objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability of an agility test for water polo players. Fifteen players (16.3 ± 1.8 years old) with a minimum of two years of competitive experience were evaluated. A Functional Test for Agility Performance (FTAP) was designed to represent the context of this sport. Several trials were performed to familiarize the athlete with the movement. Two experienced coaches measured three repetitions of the FTAP. Descriptive statistics, repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), 95% limit of agreement (LOA), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and standard error of measurements (SEM) were used for data analysis. It was considered that certain criteria of reliability measures were met. There was no significant difference between the repetitions, which may be explained by an effect of the evaluator, the ability of the players or fatigue (p > 0.05). The ICC average from evaluators was high (0.88). The SEM varied between 0.13 s and 0.49 s. The CV average considering each individual was near 6-7%. These values depended on the condition of measurement. As the FTAP contains some characteristics that create a degree of unpredictability, the same athlete may reach different performance results, increasing variability. An adjustment in the sample, familiarization and careful selection of subjects help to improve this situation and enhance the reliability of the indicators.

Comparison of Open Kinetic Chain Knee and Hip Extension to Closed Kinetic Chain Leg Press Performance

1995 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
John LaFree ◽  
Amy Mozingo ◽  
Teddy Worrell
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Kinetic Chain ◽  
Leg Press ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hip Extension

The purposes of this study were to determine the relationship of isokinetic quadriceps and hip extensor peak torque to isokinetic leg press peak torque and to determine the influence of hip position (seated vs. supine) on leg press peak torque. Forty subjects (20 males and 20 females) were tested bilaterally on the isokinetic dynamometer. Subjects were tested during knee extension, hip extension, seated leg press, and supine leg press. Intraclass correlation coefficient and standard error of measurement values revealed acceptable reliability for all tests. An analysis of variance revealed significant dominant versus nondominant differences in all tests except hip extension. A repeated measures analysis of variance revealed no significant difference between seated and supine leg press peak torque. Finally, stepwise regression revealed a significant relationship between knee extension and leg press peak torques, with hip extension adding only minimally to the explained variance. These data suggest that knee extension and leg press peak torque assess similar muscle performance characteristics. Further research involving electromyographic analysis is recommended to determine the influence of other muscles on leg press force performance.

scholarly journals A CLINICAL STUDY ON ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS OF COMBINATION THERAPY OF DAPAGLIFLOZIN AND METFORMIN IN THE TREATMENT OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 406
Author(s):  
Syed Safiullah Ghori ◽  
Amit Kapoor
Keyword(s):  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Postprandial Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Β Cell Function

ABSTRACTObjective: This study aimed at determination of safety and efficacy of combination therapy of dapagliflozin and metformin in the treatment of Type2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: A total of 50 patients were enrolled in the study depending on demographic parameters and clinical data of the patients. The primaryefficacy criterion was the change in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) after a minimum of 12 weeks of treatment. Secondary efficacy parameters wereHbA1c value after 12 weeks, fasting and 1 hrs postprandial glucose, serum insulin and triglyceride levels, after a standardized meal, all after 12 weeksof treatment. Safety and tolerability were evaluated by the incidence of adverse events reported by patients. Patient visits to the clinical center werescheduled at screening, start of the run-in period.Results: Reductions in levels of postprandial plasma glucose were observed in all the active treatment groups. The reductions in patients receivingmetformin plus dapagliflozin combination therapy were significantly greater (p<0.0001). It was clear that lower postprandial plasma insulin levelsdespite higher postprandial plasma glucose levels suggest decreased β-cell function. Changes in fasting serum insulin observed from baseline to theend of treatment did not differ significantly between metformin plus dapagliflozin combination therapy and metformin monotherapy and showed noconsistent trend.Conclusion: The results from the study suggest that the combination of the drugs was effective in controlling glycemic levels and also were safe. Noserious adverse drug reactions were reported by the patients when used daily once for 6 months.Keywords: Dapagliflozin, Metformin, Postprandial and glycemic.

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