scholarly journals Emulsion Droplet Crystallinity Attenuates Postprandial Plasma Triacylglycerol Responses in Healthy Men: A Randomized Double-Blind Crossover Acute Meal Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 150 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-72
Author(s):  
Surangi H Thilakarathna ◽  
Samar Hamad ◽  
Amanda Cuncins ◽  
Melissa Brown ◽  
Amanda J Wright
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Physical State ◽  
Palm Stearin ◽  
Lipid Absorption ◽  
Crystalline Solid ◽  
Undercooled Liquid ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Solid Fat ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Meal Study

ABSTRACT Background The presence of triacylglycerol (TAG) cystallinity is assumed to influence digestibility and postprandial lipemia (PPL), although studies to date are limited. Objective This study aimed to investigate whether the presence of solid fat compared with undercooled liquid oil, specifically, plays a role in determining PPL by comparing emulsion droplets differing only in terms of physical state. Methods Ten percent palm stearin and 0.4% sorbitan monostearate emulsions were tempered to contain identically sized, charged, and shaped (spherical) undercooled liquid (LE) compared with partially crystalline solid (SE; mean ± SEM: 33.2% ± 0.03% solid fat at 37°C) droplets. Fifteen healthy fasting adult men (mean ± SD age: 27.5 ± 5.7 y; BMI: 24.1 ± 2.5 kg/m2) consumed 500 mL of each emulsion on separate occasions and plasma TAG concentrations, particle size of the plasma chylomicron-rich fraction (CMRF), and fatty acid (FA) composition of the CMRF-TAG were serially determined in a 6-h postprandial randomized double-blind crossover acute meal study. Changes from baseline values were analyzed by repeated-measures ANOVA. Results An earlier (2 compared with 3 h, P < 0.05) significant rise, a 39.9% higher mean postprandial TAG change from baseline (P = 0.08), and higher peak concentration (mean ± SEM: 1.47 ± 0.19 compared with 1.20 ± 0.15 mmol/L, P = 0.04) and iAUC (1.95 ± 0.39 compared with 1.45 ± 0.31 mmol/L × h, P = 0.03) values were observed for LE compared with SE. The compositions of the CMRF-TAG FAs shifted toward those of the ingested palm stearin by 4 h but did not differ between SE and LE (P = 0.90). Nor were there differences in postprandial changes in CMRF particle size (P = 0.79) or nonesterified FAs (P = 0.72) based on lipid physical state. Conclusions Despite their identical compositions and colloidal properties, differences in lipid absorption were observed between SE and LE in healthy adult men. This is direct evidence that TAG physical state contributes to PPL, with the presence of solid fat having an attenuating influence. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03515590.

scholarly journals Warm-Up Intensity Does Not Affect the Ergogenic Effect of Sodium Bicarbonate in Adult Men

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Jones ◽  
Trent Stellingwerff ◽  
Paul Swinton ◽  
Guilherme Giannini Artioli ◽  
Bryan Saunders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Work Done ◽  
Blind Trials

This study determined the influence of a high- (HI) versus low-intensity (LI) cycling warm-up on blood acid-base responses and exercise capacity following ingestion of sodium bicarbonate (SB; 0.3 g/kg body mass) or a placebo (PLA; maltodextrin) 3 hr prior to warm-up. Twelve men (21 ± 2 years, 79.2 ± 3.6 kg body mass, and maximum power output [Wmax] 318 ± 36 W) completed a familiarization and four double-blind trials in a counterbalanced order: HI warm-up with SB, HI warm-up with PLA, LI warm-up with SB, and LI warm-up with PLA. LI warm-up was 15 min at 60% Wmax, while the HI warm-up (typical of elites) featured LI followed by 2 × 30 s (3-min break) at Wmax, finishing 30 min prior to a cycling capacity test at 110% Wmax. Blood bicarbonate and lactate were measured throughout. SB supplementation increased blood bicarbonate (+6.4 mmol/L; 95% confidence interval, CI [5.7, 7.1]) prior to greater reductions with HI warm-up (−3.8 mmol/L; 95% CI [−5.8, −1.8]). However, during the 30-min recovery, blood bicarbonate rebounded and increased in all conditions, with concentrations ∼5.3 mmol/L greater with SB supplementation (p < .001). Blood bicarbonate significantly declined during the cycling capacity test at 110%Wmax with greater reductions following SB supplementation (−2.4 mmol/L; 95% CI [−3.8, −0.90]). Aligned with these results, SB supplementation increased total work done during the cycling capacity test at 110% Wmax (+8.5 kJ; 95% CI [3.6, 13.4], ∼19% increase) with no significant main effect of warm-up intensity (+0.0 kJ; 95% CI [−5.0, 5.0]). Collectively, the results demonstrate that SB supplementation can improve HI cycling capacity irrespective of prior warm-up intensity, likely due to blood alkalosis.

scholarly journals Effect ofLepidium meyeniiWalp. on Semen Parameters and Serum Hormone Levels in Healthy Adult Men: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Melnikovova ◽  
Tomas Fait ◽  
Michaela Kolarova ◽  
Eloy C. Fernandez ◽  
Luigi Milella
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Pilot Trial ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Lepidium Meyenii ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Serum Hormone

Background/Aims.Products ofLepidium meyeniiWalp. (maca) are touted worldwide as an alimentary supplement to enhance fertility and restore hormonal balance. Enhancing properties of maca on semen parameters in animals were previously reported by various authors, but we present to the best of our knowledge the first double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot trial in men. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of maca on semen parameters and serum hormone levels in healthy adult men.Methods.A group of 20 volunteers aged 20–40 years was supplied by milled hypocotyl of maca or placebo (1.75 g/day) for 12 weeks. Negative controls of semen were compared to the samples after 6 and 12 weeks of maca administration; negative blood controls were compared to the samples after 12 weeks of treatment.Results.Sperm concentration and motility showed rising trends compared to placebo even though levels of hormones did not change significantly after 12 weeks of trial.Conclusion.Our results indicate that maca possesses fertility enhancing properties in men. As long as men prefer to use alimentary supplement to enhance fertility rather than prescribed medication or any medical intervention, it is worth continuing to assess its possible benefits.

Synthesis of Undoped and Manganese-Doped HgTe Nanoparticles Using [Hg(TeCH2CH2NMe2)2] as a Single Source Precursor

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 4500-4505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gotluru Kedarnath ◽  
Sandip Dey ◽  
Vimal K. Jain ◽  
Gautam K. Dey ◽  
Ramakant M. Kadam
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Magnetic Measurements ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
Crystalline Solid ◽  
Single Source ◽  
Epr Spectrum ◽  
Single Source Precursor ◽  
Ferromagnetic Ordering ◽  
Mn Doped

The Reaction of [HgCl2(tmeda)] with NaTeCH2CH2NMe2 gave a mercury tellurolate, [Hg(TeCH2CH2·NMe2)2] (1) as a yellow crystalline solid, which was characterized by elemental analysis, UV-vis, mass and NMR (1H, 13C, 125Te, 199Hg) spectroscopy. Thermolysis of 1 in hexadecylamine (HDA) at 90 °C in the absence and presence of Mn(OAc)2·4H2O gave undoped and Mn-doped HgTe nanoparticles which were characterized by XRD, EDAX, TEM, EPR and magnetic measurements. These particles could be synthesized with mean particle size of 6–7 nm (from TEM). Manganese substitution at Hg site in HgTe lead to a linear decrease in lattice parameter with increasing concentration of Mn. Magnetization measurements showed ferromagnetic ordering at room temperature with very small coercive field (Hc, 50 Oe) for Hg0.973Mn0.027 Te sample. This sample also exhibited distinct ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) in the EPR spectrum.

Comparison of Nutritional Value and Functionalities of Palm Oil Fractionates with Lards

2012 ◽  
Vol 554-556 ◽  
pp. 1429-1432
Author(s):  
Su Xi Wu ◽  
Rui Xin Liu ◽  
Min Ji
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Palm Olein ◽  
Active Oxygen Method ◽  
Solid Fat Content ◽  
Palm Stearin ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Active Oxygen ◽  
Solid Fat ◽  
Refined Palm Oil

The cholesterol and α-VE content, active oxygen method value, solid fat content of three kinds of palm oil fractionates and five kinds of lard products were investigated. The results obtained were as follows. Firstly, palm oil has lower cholesterol content but higher α-VE content and higher AOM value than lard. Secondly, refined palm oil, palm stearin and palm olein has almost the same plasticity as leaf lard, bone lard and skin lard, respectively. All the results have showed that palm oil is of substitutability for lard.

Creatine supplementation elicits greater muscle hypertrophy in upper than lower limbs and trunk in resistance-trained men

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Pedro Nunes ◽  
Alex S Ribeiro ◽  
Brad J Schoenfeld ◽  
Crisieli M Tomeleri ◽  
Ademar Avelar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Muscle Hypertrophy ◽  
Creatine Supplementation ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Creatine (Cr) supplementation associated with resistance training produces greater muscular strength improvements in the upper compared with the lower body; however, no study has investigated if such region-specific results are seen with gains in muscle mass. Aim: We aimed to evaluate the effect of Cr supplementation in combination with resistance training on lean soft tissue changes in the upper and lower limbs and trunk in resistance-trained young adult men. Methods: In a randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled design, 43 resistance-trained men (22.7 ± 3.0 years, 72.9 ± 8.7 kg, 177.9 ± 5.7 cm, 23.0 ± 2.5 kg/m2) received either creatine (Cr, n = 22) or placebo (PLA, n = 21) over an 8-week study period. The supplementation protocol included a loading phase (7 days, four doses of 0.3 g/kg per day) and a maintenance phase (7 weeks, single dose of 0.03 g/kg per day). During the same period, subjects performed resistance training four times per week using the following two-way split routine: Monday and Thursday = pectoral, shoulders, triceps, and abdomen, Tuesday and Friday = back, biceps, thighs, and calves. Lean soft tissue of the upper limbs (ULLST), lower limbs (LLLST), and trunk (TLST) was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry before and after the intervention. Results: Both groups showed significant ( p < 0.001) improvements in ULLST, LLLST, TLST, and the Cr group achieved greater ( p < 0.001) increases in these outcomes compared with PLA. For the Cr group, improvements in ULLST (7.1 ± 2.9%) were higher than those observed in LLLST (3.2 ± 2.1%) and TLST (2.1 ± 2.2%). Otherwise, for PLA group there was no significant difference in the magnitude of segmental muscle hypertrophy (ULLST = 1.6 ± 3.0%; LLLST = 0.7 ± 2.8%; TLST = 0.7 ± 2.8%). Conclusion: Our results suggest that Cr supplementation can positively augment muscle hypertrophy in resistance-trained young adult men, particularly in the upper limbs.

Characterisation of PAH-contaminated sediments in a remediation perspective

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Cuypers ◽  
J. T. C. Grotenhuis ◽  
W. H. Rulkens
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Physical State ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Particle Size Fractions ◽  
Acetone Water ◽  
Particulate Form ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Harbour Sludge

To support the choice of a remediation technique for the decontamination of PAH contaminated dredged sediments a characterisation test is needed, that takes into account the physical state in which PAHs occur. Here, solvent extraction is proposed as such a characterisation test. Solvent extraction experiments were performed with a 1/1 acetone-water mixture on (particle size fractions of) PAH-contaminated harbour sludge. The PAHs were more easily dissolved from fine than from coarse fractions, which indicates that the PAHs in the fine fractions are better (bio)available. The results further suggest that PAHs were present in particulate form, absorbed in organic matter and dissolved in oil. The performed extraction experiments provide a basis for further development of existing models.

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