scholarly journals Annual Report to the Nation on the Status of Cancer, Featuring Cancer in Men and Women Age 20–49 Years

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 (12) ◽  
pp. 1279-1297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M Ward ◽  
Recinda L Sherman ◽  
S Jane Henley ◽  
Ahmedin Jemal ◽  
David A Siegel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
American Association ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Cancer Incidence Rates

Abstract Background The American Cancer Society, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Cancer Institute, and North American Association of Central Cancer Registries provide annual updates on cancer occurrence and trends by cancer type, sex, race, ethnicity, and age in the United States. This year’s report highlights the cancer burden among men and women age 20–49 years. Methods Incidence data for the years 1999 to 2015 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention- and National Cancer Institute–funded population-based cancer registry programs compiled by the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries and death data for the years 1999 to 2016 from the National Vital Statistics System were used. Trends in age-standardized incidence and death rates, estimated by joinpoint, were expressed as average annual percent change. Results Overall cancer incidence rates (per 100 000) for all ages during 2011–2015 were 494.3 among male patients and 420.5 among female patients; during the same time period, incidence rates decreased 2.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] = −2.6% to −1.6%) per year in men and were stable in females. Overall cancer death rates (per 100 000) for all ages during 2012–2016 were 193.1 among male patients and 137.7 among female patients. During 2012–2016, overall cancer death rates for all ages decreased 1.8% (95% CI = −1.8% to −1.8%) per year in male patients and 1.4% (95% CI = −1.4% to −1.4%) per year in females. Important changes in trends were stabilization of thyroid cancer incidence rates in women and rapid declines in death rates for melanoma of the skin (both sexes). Among adults age 20–49 years, overall cancer incidence rates were substantially lower among men (115.3 per 100 000) than among women (203.3 per 100 000); cancers with the highest incidence rates (per 100 000) among men were colon and rectum (13.1), testis (10.7), and melanoma of the skin (9.8), and among women were breast (73.2), thyroid (28.4), and melanoma of the skin (14.1). During 2011 to 2015, the incidence of all invasive cancers combined among adults age 20–49 years decreased −0.7% (95% CI = −1.0% to −0.4%) among men and increased among women (1.3%, 95% CI = 0.7% to 1.9%). The death rate for (per 100 000) adults age 20–49 years for all cancer sites combined during 2012 to 2016 was 22.8 among men and 27.1 among women; during the same time period, death rates decreased 2.3% (95% CI = −2.4% to −2.2%) per year among men and 1.7% (95% CI = −1.8% to −1.6%) per year among women. Conclusions Among people of all ages and ages 20–49 years, favorable as well as unfavorable trends in site-specific cancer incidence were observed, whereas trends in death rates were generally favorable. Characterizing the cancer burden may inform research and cancer-control efforts.

scholarly journals The Impact of Adjustment for Socioeconomic Status on Comparisons of Cancer Incidence between Two European Countries

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Donnelly ◽  
Avril Hegarty ◽  
Linda Sharp ◽  
Anne-Elie Carsin ◽  
Sandra Deady ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
International Comparisons ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Rate Ratios ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cancer Incidence Rates

Background.Cancer incidence rates vary considerably between countries and by socioeconomic status (SES). We investigate the impact of SES upon the relative cancer risk in two neighbouring countries.Methods.Data on 229,824 cases for 16 cancers diagnosed in 1995–2007 were extracted from the cancer registries in Northern Ireland (NI) and Republic of Ireland (RoI). Cancers in the two countries were compared using incidence rate ratios (IRRs) adjusted for age and age plus area-based SES.Results.Adjusting for SES in addition to age had a considerable impact on NI/RoI comparisons for cancers strongly related to SES. Before SES adjustment, lung cancer incidence rates were 11% higher for males and 7% higher for females in NI, while after adjustment, the IRR was not statistically significant. Cervical cancer rates were lower in NI than in RoI after adjustment for age (IRR: 0.90 (0.84–0.97)), with this difference increasing after adjustment for SES (IRR: 0.85 (0.79–0.92)). For cancers with a weak or nonexistent relationship to SES, adjustment for SES made little difference to the IRR.Conclusion.Socioeconomic factors explain some international variations but also obscure other crucial differences; thus, adjustment for these factors should not become part of international comparisons.

scholarly journals Brain cancer incidence rates and the presence of nuclear reactors in US states: a hypothesis-generating study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R. Williamson ◽  
Marilyn G. Klug ◽  
Gary G. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Brain Cancer ◽  
Nuclear Reactors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Nuclear Research ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Research Reactors ◽  
Cancer Incidence Rates

Abstract Background The etiology of brain cancer is poorly understood. The only confirmed environmental risk factor is exposure to ionizing radiation. Because nuclear reactors emit ionizing radiation, we examined brain cancer incidence rates in the USA in relation to the presence of nuclear reactors per state. Methods Data on brain cancer incidence rates per state for Whites by sex for three age groups (all ages, 50 and older, and under 50) were obtained from cancer registries. The location, number, and type of nuclear reactor, i.e., power or research reactor, was obtained from public sources. We examined the association between these variables using multivariate linear regression and ANOVA. Results Brain cancer incidence rates were not associated with the number of nuclear power reactors. Conversely, incidence rates per state increased with the number of nuclear research reactors. This was significant for both sexes combined and for males in the ‘all ages’ category (β = 0.08, p = 0.0319 and β = 0.12, p = 0.0277, respectively), and for both sexes combined in the’50 and older’ category (β = 0.18, p = 0.0163). Brain cancer incidence rates for counties with research reactors were significantly higher than the corresponding rates for their states overall (p = 0.0140). These findings were not explicable by known confounders. Conclusions Brain cancer incidence rates are positively associated with the number of nuclear research reactors per state. These findings merit further exploration and suggest new opportunities for research in brain cancer epidemiology.

scholarly journals Recent Trends in Prostate Cancer Incidence by Age, Cancer Stage, and Grade, the United States, 2001–2007

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Li ◽  
Joseph A. Djenaba ◽  
Ashwini Soman ◽  
Sun Hee Rim ◽  
Viraj A. Master
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Tumor Characteristics ◽  
Prostate Cancer Incidence ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Prostate Cancers ◽  
Cancer Incidence Rates

Objective. To examine prostate cancer trends by demographic and tumor characteristics because a comprehensive examination of recent prostate cancer incidence rates is lacking.Patients and Methods. We described prostate cancer incidence rates and trends using the 2001–2007 National Program of Cancer Registries and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program data (representing over 93% of US population). Because of coding changes in cancer grade, we restricted analysis to 2004–2007. We conducted descriptive and trend analyses using SEER*Stat.Results. The overall prostate cancer incidence rate was stable from 2001 to 2007; however, rates significantly increased among men aged 40–49 years (APC = 3.0) and decreased among men aged 70–79 years (APC = 2.3), and 80 years or older (APC = −4.4). About 42% of localized prostate cancers diagnosed from 2004 to 2007 were poorly differentiated. The incidence of poorly differentiated cancer significantly increased among localized (APC = 8.0) and regional stage (APC = 6.1) prostate cancers during 2004–2007.Conclusions. The recent trend in prostate cancer incidence was stable but varied dramatically by age. Given the large proportion of poorly differentiated disease among localized prostate cancers and its increasing trend in more recent years, continued monitoring of prostate cancer incidence and trends by demographic and tumor characteristics is warranted.

scholarly journals CANCER INCIDENCE AND MORTALITY IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS IN PRIMORSKY KRAI FOR THE 2008–2018 PERIOD

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
L. M. Minkina ◽  
M. M. Tsvetkov ◽  
Ya. S. Tikhonova ◽  
M. A. Postoykina
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Primorsky Krai ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Cancer Incidence Rates

Background. Cancer is a leading cause of death in children and adolescents worldwide. The cancer incidence rate in children and adolescents has been on the rise for decades. Climatic, geographic and social factors of the region play an important role for cancer incidence.Objective: to analyze the cancer incidence and mortality rates in children and adolescents of Prymorsky krai.Methods. Cancer incidence rates in Russia for 2008–2018 as well as cancer incidence among children treated at the regional pediatric hematology/oncology center (Vladivostok, Russia) for 2014–2019 were analyzed.Results. No statistically significant differences in the cancer incidence rates for the 2008–2018 period between children and adolescents of Primorsky krai and the russian federation in the whole and the far-eastern federal district were found. In in Primorsky krai, there was a variability in the incidence rate during the analyzed period, a negative average annual growth rate in the group of children under 14 years of age (-0.86 %). For the 2008–2018 period, the cancer mortality rate in children and adolescents of Primorsky krai significantly decreased (from 5.65 ‰ in 2008 to 2.6 ‰ in 2018), with the average annual increase rate in children aged 017 years of -9.17 %. In 2014–2019, the quality of cancer detection improved significantly, and the number of children and adolescents with stage iiiiv cancer reduced.Conclusion. Cancer prevention and early detection can potentially reduce the cancer incidence and mortality rates in children and adolescents in Primorsky krai. Population-based cancer registries are needed for quantifying the burden of cancer in children and adolescents and assessing prevention and control programs.

scholarly journals PAPILLOMAVIRAL CARCINOGENESIS. MAJOR ACHIEVEMENTS AND CERTAIN CHALLENGES PART 2. HPV-ASSOCIATED CANCERS IN RUSSIA. PREVENTIVE HPV VACCINES

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
G. M. Volgareva
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Penile Cancer ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Hpv Vaccines ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Pharynx Cancer ◽  
Cancer Incidence Rates

Cervical cancer (CC) incidence rate made up about 5 % in overall women cancer incidence in Russia in 2015. CC morbidity rose by 24.47 % during 2005–2015. Despite the fact that aggregated standardized cancer mortality rates for both men and women during 2005–2015 declined, women CC mortality increased by 8.3 %. CC is the leading cancer mortality cause in women aged 30–39 years. Moreover growth of oral and pharynx cancer incidence rates in both genders as well as penile cancer in men all indicate to an unfavorable trend. The present Review part contains data on HPV-associated cancers in Russia, vertical HPV transition as well as preventive HPV vaccines.

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