scholarly journals Area Deprivation Index and Rurality in Relation to Lung Cancer Prevalence and Mortality in a Rural State

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen M Fairfield ◽  
Adam W Black ◽  
Erika C Ziller ◽  
Kimberly Murray ◽  
F Lee Lucas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Rate Ratio ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Socioeconomic Deprivation ◽  
Deprivation Index ◽  
Area Deprivation ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cancer Prevalence

Abstract Background We sought to describe lung cancer prevalence and mortality in relation to socioeconomic deprivation and rurality. Methods We conducted a population-based cross-sectional analysis of prevalent lung cancers from a statewide all-payer claims dataset from 2012 to 2016, lung cancer deaths in Maine from the state death registry from 2012 to 2016, rurality, and area deprivation index (ADI), a geographic area-based measure of socioeconomic deprivation. Analyses examined rate ratios for lung cancer prevalence and mortality according to rurality (small and isolated rural, large rural, or urban) and ADI (quintiles, with highest reflecting the most deprivation) and after adjusting for age, sex, and area-level smoking rates as determined by the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Results Among 1 223 006 adults aged 20 years and older during the 5-year observation period, 8297 received lung cancer care, and 4616 died. Lung cancer prevalence and mortality were positively associated with increasing rurality, but these associations did not persist after adjusting for age, sex, and smoking rates. Lung cancer prevalence and mortality were positively associated with increasing ADI in models adjusted for age, sex, and smoking rates (prevalence rate ratio for ADI quintile 5 compared with quintile 1 = 1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] =1.30 to 1.54) and mortality rate ratio = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.41 to 1.79). Conclusion Socioeconomic deprivation, but not rurality, was associated with higher lung cancer prevalence and mortality. Interventions should target populations with socioeconomic deprivation, rather than rurality per se, and aim to reduce lung cancer risk via tobacco treatment and control interventions and to improve patient access to lung cancer prevention, screening, and treatment services.

Abstract A117: Area deprivation index and rurality in relation to lung cancer prevalence and mortality in a rural state

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen M Fairfield ◽  
Adam Black ◽  
Erika Ziller ◽  
Kimberly Murray ◽  
Lee Lucas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Deprivation Index ◽  
Area Deprivation ◽  
Cancer Prevalence ◽  
Rural State

scholarly journals HEALTHY AGEING FOR ALL? SOCIOECONOMIC CHANGES OVER TIME IN DISABILITY-FREE AND INDEPENDENT LIFE EXPECTANCIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S902-S902
Author(s):  
Holly Q Bennett ◽  
Fiona E Matthews ◽  
Louise Robinson ◽  
Lynne Corner ◽  
A Kingston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Area Deprivation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socioeconomic Changes ◽  
Disadvantaged Women ◽  
Independent Life ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Changes Over Time

Abstract Background: Previous research using cross-sectional data shows widening inequalities in disability-free life expectancy (DFLE) by socioeconomic status (SES) in the UK. We aimed to understand the underlying transitions of DFLE and years dependency free (DepFLE) using longitudinal data from the Cognitive Function and Ageing Studies (CFAS I and CFAS II). Methods: Two large population based studies of those aged 65+ in three centres (Newcastle, Nottingham, Cambridgeshire) interviewed at baseline in 1991 (CFAS I) and 2011 (CFAS II) with follow up two years later. Disability was measured using difficulty in activities of daily living (ADL), and dependency by time between help required for ADLs. SES was based on area deprivation categorised into study specific tertiles. Transitions between disability or dependency states and death were modelled using Interpolated Markov Chain software. Results: Between 1991 and 2011, DFLE and disabled life expectancy (DLE) at age 65 increased for men in every SES group, with men being less likely to become disabled or die, and more likely to recover, in 2011 than 1991 across SES groups. For the most disadvantaged women, DFLE was similar, and DLE increased, whilst for the remaining women DFLE increased and DLE was similar. For women probability of recovery increased and probability of death from disability decreased but probability of becoming disabled decreased only for the most advantaged. DepFLE patterns across time were similar but more pronounced. Conclusion: Preventive measures should focus on reducing the disability and dependency onset in the most disadvantaged to ensure inequalities do not widen further.

scholarly journals Association of e-cigarette use with oral health: a population-based cross-sectional questionnaire study

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 354-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Huilgol ◽  
Surya P Bhatt ◽  
Niranjan Biligowda ◽  
Nicole C Wright ◽  
J Michael Wells
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Permanent Tooth ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The impact of daily or intermittent electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use on oral health is unknown. Methods We performed a cross-sectional analysis using the 2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data. Poor oral health was determined by the number of permanent teeth removed due to non-traumatic causes, and e-cigarette use determined by daily or intermittent use within 30 days prior to survey administration. We performed logistic regression analysis to test associations between e-cigarette use and oral health with adjustment for factors associated with poor oral health, survey clustering, strata and weight. Results We included survey responses from 456 343 adults. Over half of respondents (51.5%) reported having at least one permanent tooth removed because of tooth decay or gum disease in their lifetime. Daily e-cigarette use was reported by 4957 (1.1%) of respondents. In multivariable analysis, daily e-cigarette use, was independently associated with a 78% higher odds of poor oral health (adjusted OR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.39–2.30; P < 0.001). Conclusions In a population-based health survey of US adults, self-reported health behavior and outcomes, daily use, but not intermittent use of e-cigarettes was independently associated with poor oral health. Care must be exercised in seeking ‘healthier’ cigarette alternatives.

scholarly journals Differences in atherosclerosis according to area level socioeconomic deprivation: cross sectional, population based study

BMJ ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 339 (oct27 4) ◽  
pp. b4170-b4170 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A Deans ◽  
V. Bezlyak ◽  
I. Ford ◽  
G D. Batty ◽  
H. Burns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Based ◽  
Socioeconomic Deprivation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Study

scholarly journals A population-based study of the frequency and predictors of induced abortion among women with schizophrenia

2018 ◽  
Vol 215 (6) ◽  
pp. 736-743
Author(s):  
Hilary K. Brown ◽  
Cindy-Lee Dennis ◽  
Paul Kurdyak ◽  
Simone N. Vigod
Keyword(s):  
Rate Ratio ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Induced Abortion ◽  
Adjusted Relative Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Induced Abortions ◽  
Reproductive Healthcare

BackgroundInduced abortion is an indicator of access to, and quality of reproductive healthcare, but rates are relatively unknown in women with schizophrenia.AimsWe examined whether women with schizophrenia experience increased induced abortion compared with those without schizophrenia, and identified factors associated with induced abortion risk.MethodIn a population-based, repeated cross-sectional study (2011–2013), we compared women with and without schizophrenia in Ontario, Canada on rates of induced abortions per 1000 women and per 1000 live births. We then followed a longitudinal cohort of women with schizophrenia aged 15–44 years (n = 11 149) from 2011, using modified Poisson regression to identify risk factors for induced abortion.ResultsWomen with schizophrenia had higher abortion rates than those without schizophrenia in all years (15.5–17.5 v. 12.8–13.6 per 1000 women; largest rate ratio, 1.33; 95% CI 1.16–1.54). They also had higher abortion ratios (592–736 v. 321–341 per 1000 live births; largest rate ratio, 2.25; 95% CI 1.96–2.59). Younger age (<25 years; adjusted relative risk (aRR), 1.84; 95% CI 1.39–2.44), multiparity (aRR 2.17, 95% CI 1.66–2.83), comorbid non-psychotic mental illness (aRR 2.15, 95% CI 1.34–3.46) and substance misuse disorders (aRR 1.85, 95% CI 1.47–2.34) were associated with increased abortion risk.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate vulnerability related to reproductive healthcare for women with schizophrenia. Evidence-based interventions to support optimal sexual health, particularly in young women, those with psychiatric and addiction comorbidity, and women who have already had a child, are warranted.

scholarly journals Lung Cancer Prevalence in Hill Region of Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Pramod Bhatta ◽  
Bhakta Man Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Cancer Prevalence ◽  
Hill Region ◽  
High Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Disease Pattern

Nepal being one of the low and middle income countries where disease pattern shifted from communicable to non communicable diseases such as heart and cancer diseases since past. Primary focus of the study was to explore the prevalence of lung cancer in Hill region of Nepal. The study survey was conducted in BP Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital, Bharatpur Chitwan. The study applied quantitative research design. The data was collected from the records of 800 cancer diagnosed patients of the hospital. The record was collected and analyzed from 160 randomly selected cancer cases from year 2009 to 2013. The study was non experimental, descriptive, exploratory and cross-sectional research design. Findings suggested that lung cancer cases were high 32.9% in Hill region. Smoking habit was also found in 56.1% patients, the findings suggested that the reason of high lung cancer might be attributable to high smoking prevalence. High lung cancer prevalence found in Hill region of Nepal which signifies the need of further investigation on lung cancer and related risks in these areas.

scholarly journals Changes in the Prevalence of Chronic Hypertension in Pregnancy, United States, 1970 to 2010

Hypertension ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 1089-1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cande V. Ananth ◽  
Christina M. Duzyj ◽  
Stacy Yadava ◽  
Marlene Schwebel ◽  
Alan T.N. Tita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Rate Ratio ◽  
White Women ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Chronic Hypertension ◽  
Cross Sectional

We estimated changes in the prevalence of chronic hypertension among pregnant women and evaluated the extent to which changes in obesity and smoking were associated with these trends. We designed a population-based cross-sectional analysis of over 151 million women with delivery-related hospitalizations in the United States, 1970 to 2010. Maternal age, year of delivery (period), and maternal year of birth (birth cohort), as well as race, were examined as risk factors for chronic hypertension. Prevalence rates and rate ratios with 95% CIs of chronic hypertension in relation to age, period, and birth cohort were derived through age-period-cohort models. We also examined how changes in obesity and smoking rates influenced age-period-cohort effects. The overall prevalence of chronic hypertension was 0.63%, with black women (1.24%) having more than a 2-fold higher rate than white women (0.53%; rate ratio, 2.31; 95% CI, 2.30–2.32). In the age-period-cohort analysis, the rate of chronic hypertension increased sharply with advancing age and period from 0.11% in 1970 to 1.52% in 2010 (rate ratio, 13.41; 95% CI, 13.22–13.61). The rate of hypertension increased, on average, by 6% (95% CI, 5–6) per year, with the increase being slightly higher among white (7%; 95% CI, 6%–7%) than black (4%; 95% CI, 3%–4%) women. Adjustments for changes in rates of obesity and smoking were not associated with age and period effects. We observed a substantial increase in chronic hypertension rates by age and period and an over 2-fold race disparity in chronic hypertension rates.

scholarly journals Residential area deprivation and risk of subsequent hospital admission in a British population: the EPIC-Norfolk cohort

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. e031251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Luben ◽  
Shabina Hayat ◽  
Anthony Khawaja ◽  
Nicholas Wareham ◽  
Paul P Pharoah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Residential Area ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Deprivation Index ◽  
Area Deprivation ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Lower Education Level ◽  
Behavioural Factors

ObjectivesTo investigate whether residential area deprivation index predicts subsequent admissions to hospital and time spent in hospital independently of individual social class and lifestyle factors.DesignProspective population-based study.SettingThe European Prospective Investigation into Cancer in Norfolk (EPIC-Norfolk) study.Participants11 214 men and 13 763 women in the general population, aged 40–79 years at recruitment (1993–1997), alive in 1999.Main outcome measureTotal admissions to hospital and time spent in hospital during a 19-year time period (1999–2018).ResultsCompared to those with residential Townsend Area Deprivation Index lower than the average for England and Wales, those with a higher than average deprivation index had a higher likelihood of spending >20 days in hospital multivariable adjusted OR 1.18 (95% CI 1.07 to 1.29) and having 7 or more admissions OR 1.11 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.22) after adjustment for age, sex, smoking status, education, social class and body mass index. Occupational social class and educational attainment modified the association between area deprivation and hospitalisation; those with manual social class and lower education level were at greater risk of hospitalisation when living in an area with higher deprivation index (p-interaction=0.025 and 0.020, respectively), while the risk for non-manual and more highly educated participants did not vary greatly by area of residence.ConclusionResidential area deprivation predicts future hospitalisations, time spent in hospital and number of admissions, independently of individual social class and education level and other behavioural factors. There are significant interactions such that residential area deprivation has greater impact in those with low education level or manual social class. Conversely, higher education level and social class mitigated the association of area deprivation with hospital usage.

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