Effects of desiccation of seeds in nine species with morphophysiological dormancy on germination and embryo growth

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel A Copete ◽  
José M Herranz ◽  
Raquel Herranz ◽  
Elena Copete ◽  
Pablo Ferrandis
Keyword(s):  
Seed Viability ◽  
Intermediate Complex ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Morphophysiological Dormancy ◽  
Anthriscus Sylvestris ◽  
Germination Ability ◽  
Clematis Vitalba ◽  
Narcissus Pseudonarcissus ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Late Embryo

Abstract Aims In species with morphophysiological seed dormancy (MPD), little is known about the effects of desiccation of imbibed seeds on embryo growth and germination. We studied seed responses to dehydration in nine species with different levels of MPD. Methods For each species, a control test was conducted by keeping seeds permanently hydrated and exposed to the optimal stratification-incubation sequence to promote embryo growth. Simultaneously, tests were run in which seed stratification was interrupted for 1 month by desiccation at room temperature. Important Findings In Clematis vitalba and Ribes alpinum, with nondeep simple MPD, desiccation affected neither embryo growth nor seed viability, but the desiccation led to a decrease of germinative ability in R. alpinum by 16%. The seeds of Narcissus pseudonarcissus subsp. munozii-garmendiae, with deep simple epicotyl MPD, tolerated desiccation in different embryo growth stages, but their germinative ability decreased slightly. The response of species with complex levels of MPD to desiccation was more variable: Delphinium fissum subsp. sordidum, with intermediate complex MPD, and Anthriscus sylvestris and Meum athamanticum, both with deep complex MPD, tolerated desiccation. In contrast, Ribes uva-crispa with nondeep complex MPD, Lonicera pyrenaica with intermediate complex MPD, and Chaerophyllum aureum with deep complex MPD, had diminished germination ability by desiccation. Although seeds of the species with simple levels of MPD tolerated desiccation, those of some species with complex levels were also highly tolerant. Thus, desiccation did not induce secondary dormancy in late embryo growth stages. The desiccation tolerance of imbibed seeds of most of the nine species may show their adaptability to climate change in the Mediterranean region.

scholarly journals Optimization of Plant Production by Seed Treatment in Two Wild Subspecies of Narcissus pseudonarcissus Rich in Alkaloids

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (19) ◽  
pp. 4439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Herranz ◽  
Miguel A. Copete ◽  
José M. Herranz ◽  
Elena Copete ◽  
Pablo Ferrandis
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Intermediate Complex ◽  
Large Reservoir ◽  
Genetic Traits ◽  
Morphophysiological Dormancy ◽  
Pharmacological Interest ◽  
Narcissus Pseudonarcissus ◽  
Different Levels

The daffodil Narcissus pseudonarcissus L. contains alkaloids of pharmaceutical interest. Wild daffodil populations have diverse genetic backgrounds and various genetic traits of possible importance. Developing protocols for plant production from seeds may ensure the availability of a large reservoir of individuals as well as being important for species with bulbs that are difficult to acquire. The closely related Narcissus pseudonarcissus subsp. munozii-garmendiae and subsp. nevadensis were investigated in this study because the alkaloids isolated from both are of high pharmacological interest. At the dispersal time, the seeds of both were dormant with underdeveloped embryos, i.e., morphophysiological dormancy (MPD). Experiments were conducted outdoors and under controlled laboratory conditions. Embryo growth and the percentages of radicle and seedling emergence were calculated under different temperature–light stratifications. In N. munozii-garmendiae, embryo growth occurred during warm stratification (28/14 °C or 25/10 °C) and the radicle then emerged when the temperature decreased, but the shoot was dormant. In N. nevadensis, the seeds germinated when cold stratified (5 °C) and then incubated at cool temperatures. Thus, N. munozii-garmendiae and N. nevadensis exhibit different levels of MPD, i.e., deep simple epicotyl and intermediate complex, respectively. Plant production protocols from seeds were established for both taxa in this study.

scholarly journals Methodology of the tetrazolium test for assessing the viability of seeds of Eugenia brasiliensis Lam., Eugenia uniflora L. and Eugenia pyriformis Cambess

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmir Vicente Lamarca ◽  
Claudio José Barbedo
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Important Method ◽  
Eugenia Uniflora ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Incubation Periods ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Tetrazolium Test

Eugenia brasiliensis Lam. ("grumixameira"), Eugenia uniflora L. ("pitangueira") and Eugenia pyriformis Cambess. ("uvaieira") are forest and fruit species of pharmacological and gastronomic potential and have desiccation-sensitive seeds. The development of quick viability tests for the assessment of physiological quality of these seeds is needed. The tetrazolium test is an important method providing fast assessment of the seed physiological quality. Thus, this work aimed to develop a method for the tetrazolium test for determining viability of "grumixameira," "pitangueira" and "uvaieira" seeds. Initially the seeds of these species were soaked in water for 3 h at 25 ºC. Three concentrations of tetrazolium solutions were analyzed (0.100 %, 0.125 % and 0.250 %) for seed staining using three incubation periods (2, 3 and 6 h) at 35 ºC in the dark. After staining, seed viability was determined. Then, the seeds were subjected to different levels of controlled drying and were analyzed for their physiological quality by germination and electrical conductivity tests. The tetrazolium test is a suitable tool for determining viability after staining the seeds at 35 ºC using a 0.250 % concentration solution for 3 hours for "grumixameira" seeds, 0.125 % for 3 hours for "pitangueira" seeds and 0.100 % for 2 hours for "uvaieira" seeds.

Deep and intermediate complex morphophysiological dormancy in seeds of Ferula gummosa (Apiaceae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 85-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanaz Zardari ◽  
Farshid Ghaderi‐Far ◽  
Hamid R. Sadeghipour ◽  
Ebrahim Zeinali ◽  
Elias Soltani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Complex ◽  
Morphophysiological Dormancy

Distribution, Growth, and Seed Germination Ability of Lead Tree (Leucaena leucocephala) Plants in Penghu Islands, Taiwan

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 574-582
Author(s):  
Chen-Yu Hwang ◽  
Ling-Ming Hsu ◽  
Yow-Jang Liou ◽  
Ching-Yuh Wang
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Lighting Condition ◽  
Germination Ability ◽  
Shallow Soils ◽  
Penghu Islands ◽  
Germination Requirements

The distribution, growth, and seed germination ability of the exotic lead tree in Penghu Islands, Taiwan, were studied. Survey results have shown that all lead tree plants existing throughout these islands belonged to the Hawaii type. Subsequently a comparison of germination requirements between this and the rare Salvador type, which distributes only in the island of Taiwan, was carried out. The objective of this research was to compare the germination requirements of the Salvador- and Hawaii-type lead tree plants. Lead trees in Penghu Islands have formed a pure forest with a height ranging from 2 to 4 m. All growth stages of the lead tree, i.e., vegetative, flowering, podding, and depodding stages, were found simultaneously in fall, but only vegetative and podding stages were observed in summer. Germination of both the Hawaii- and Salvador-type lead tree was evaluated under different environmental conditions, including temperature, pH, osmotic potential, burial depth, and lighting condition. The Salvador-type exhibited more than 60% seed germination after 14 d at temperatures between 20 and 35 C, whereas the seed germination of the Hawaii type increased from 20 to 60% with temperature increases from 20 to 35 C. The optimal temperature for seed germination of these two types of lead tree was 35 C. Increasing burial depth beneath the soil surface and darkness, as well as an osmotic potential below −0.4 MPa, also reduced seed germination. However, the germination of both types was not affected by pH ranging from 4.0 to 9.0. On the basis of the climatic and soil environment conditions in Penghu Islands, it is reasonable to predict that the summer season, in which lead tree seeds readily germinate on the ground or in shallow soils, is the optimal time for controlling this plant.

scholarly journals The Effect of Drying of Bread Wheat Seeds Following First Water Uptake on Germination Rate

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Mustafa Yıldırım
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Germination Ability ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
Germinating Seeds

In semi-arid regions, unfavorable weather conditions are the most important limiting factors for seed germination. The imbibed or germinating seeds in soil can be dried by hot and dry weather. Thus, seeds can largely lose their germination abilities until the next water uptake (called as ‘alatav’ in Turkish). Before drying, the time of the first water uptake by a seed may be more effective on seed viability at the second water uptake for germination. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to identify the first water uptake rates (WU) of seeds of three bread wheat genotypes (Bezotaja, Kirac and 13-BVD-4) per hour during 50 hours and their germination rates (GR) at the second water uptake after drying the seeds for 3-week in laboratory conditions. The results presented here indicated that the WU and GR were significantly affected by genotypes, imbibition time (T) and their interaction (1% probability level). There was also a significant negative correlation between the WU and GR (r** = –0.9295) at all times studied. Furthermore, the germination ability of Kirac lasted longest (for 38th hour) when the WU reached to 160.24%, and it was followed by Bezostaya and 13-BVD-4 genotypes (63.34% at 37th hour and 152.58% 34th hour, respectively).

scholarly journals Seed embryonic death in invasive populations of Ulmus pumila L. and Ulmus suberosa Moench in the steppe Dnieper region

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 308-312
Author(s):  
O. A. Kravets ◽  
Ya. V. Pirko ◽  
L. O. Kalafat ◽  
A. M. Rabokon ◽  
Yu. O. Bilonozhko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physiological State ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Reproductive State ◽  
Ulmus Pumila ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Aim Analysis ◽  
Seed Reproduction ◽  
High Viability ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Embryonic Death

Aim. Analysis of seed embryonic death and seed viability as a indexes of the genetic and reproductive state of Ulmus pumila L. and U. suberosa Moench to determine the mechanisms of invasiveness of their populations in the Dnieper steppe. Methods. Morphological, anatomical, cytological, statistical. Results. Investigated U. pumila populations differed on indexis of the embryonic death, seed viability and seed productivity. Populations growing in more favorable environmental conditions are distinguished by a better reproductive, physiological, and genetic conditions. Two from three U. pumila populations are characterized by low rates of embryonic death, high viability indices and seed productivity. This can indicate their heterogeneous origin and a significant level of heterozygosity. Vice versa, U. suberosa population has a high rates of embryonic death of seeds and low seed viability which may be due to population's limited and/or its poor physiological state and a decrease in heterozygosity. Conclusions. There are different levels of heterozygosity in the U. pumila population at the steppe Dnieper. Probably seed reproduction and distribution of this species is not significantly limited by genetic, physiological or environmental factors. Populations of U. suberosa in this region are characterized by worse genetic status. Seed reproduction of invasive populations of this species can be significantly limited. Keywords: seed embryonic death, empty samara, seed viability, heterozygosity, invasive populations, Ulmus pumila L., Ulmus suberosa Moench.

scholarly journals Seed Biologists Beware: End-of-Trial Estimation of Initial Viability May Be Error-Prone Due to Unexpected Seed Death during the Experiment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byron B. Lamont ◽  
Rosemary J. Newton ◽  
Pablo Gomez-Barreiro ◽  
Tianhua He
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Separate Sample ◽  
Annual Loss ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Germination Success ◽  
Initial Seed ◽  
Different Levels

Seed viability is routinely measured on seeds that fail to germinate at the end of an experiment. Together with the number of germinants, this is used to estimate viability of the seeds at start of the experiment (i.e., initial viability) and provides the comparative basis on which germination success is determined. We used this standard procedure on 40 Leucadendron species subjected to oscillating temperatures, heat and/or smoke pre-treatments to examine the extent to which they raised germination levels above that of the untreated controls. 16 species showed significantly different levels of estimated initial seed viability between treatments when they should have been unaffected. Loss of viability during the trial was an order of magnitude greater than annual loss during cold storage, which was usually negligible. Lowest levels of estimated initial viability occurred among the poorly germinating controls and confirmed that the heat and smoke treatments had little effect on viability. Species with soil-stored seeds were more vulnerable to this artefact than those with plant-stored seeds. We caution against the routine use of end-of-trial germination and viability of ungerminated seeds as an estimate of initial viability in determining germination success of various treatments. The preference is for estimates of initial viability to be undertaken on a separate sample of seeds in association with the trial.

scholarly journals Different levels of morphophysiological seed dormancy in Ribes alpinum and R. uva-crispa (Grossulariaceae) facilitate adaptation to differentiated habitats

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. e017
Author(s):  
Raquel Herranz-Ferrer ◽  
Miguel Ángel Copete-Carreño ◽  
José María Herranz-Sanz ◽  
Elena Copete-Carreño ◽  
Pablo Ferrandis-Gotor
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Minimal Size ◽  
Morphophysiological Dormancy ◽  
Radicle Emergence ◽  
Embryo Length ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Morphological Dormancy

Aim of the study: To study the germination ecology of two species of the genus Ribes to reveal their levels of morphophysiological dormancy (MPD) and to facilitate the production of plants from seeds, a key tool for population reinforcement.Area of study: Experiments were carried out both outdoors and in the laboratory in Albacete (Spain) with seeds from the Meridional Iberian System mountain range.Material and methods: Seeds from one population of Ribes alpinum and from other of Ribes uva-crispa were collected during several years. Embryo length, radicle and seedling emergence, and effects on germination of stratification and GA3 were analysed to determine the level of MPD.Main results: In R. alpinum, embryo length in fresh seeds was 0.49 mm, needing to grow to 1.30 mm to germinate. Warm stratification (25/10ºC) promoted embryo length enlargement to 0.97 mm. Afterwards, seeds germinated within a wide temperature range. Embryo growth and seedling emergence occur late summer-early autumn. In R. uva-crispa, embryo length in fresh seeds was 0.52 mm, being 2.10 mm the minimal size to germinate. Embryos exposed to a moderately warm stratification (20/7ºC + 15/4ºC) followed by cold (5ºC) grew to 2.30 mm. Then, seeds germinated ≥ 80% when incubated at temperatures ≥ 15/4ºC. Embryos grew in autumn/early winter, and seedlings emerged late winter-early spring.Research highlights: These results showed that R. alpinum seeds have a nondeep simple MPD while R. uva-crispa seeds have a nondeep complex MPD. Moreover, the different germinative models found for each species help explain their installation in distinct habitats.Keywords: Ribes; seed dormancy break; radicle emergence; seedling emergence; nondeep simple and nondeep complex MPD.Abbreviations used: Morphophysiological dormancy (MPD), morphological dormancy (MD), Gibberellic acid (GA3), months (m).

scholarly journals Effect of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations on growth and yield of blackgram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) - a rainfed pulse crop

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Vanaja ◽  
P. Raghuram Reddy ◽  
N. Jyothi Lakshmi ◽  
M. Maheswari ◽  
P. Vagheera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Vigna Mungo ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Total Seed ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
100 Seed Weight

The response of blackgram (<i>Vigna mungo</i> L. Hepper) to two levels of elevated carbon dioxide (550 and 700 ppm) in terms of growth and yield was investigated and compared with ambient CO<sub>2</sub> level (365 ppm) using open-top chambers. The growth parameters viz., length and weight of root and shoot, root:shoot ratio, leaf area and weight significantly increased at 700 ppm CO2 when compared with 550 ppm. The percentage increase in total biomass at 700 and 550 ppm CO<sub>2</sub> was 65.4% and 39%, respectively compared to the ambient (chamber) control. The increase in total seed yield at 700 ppm (129%) was due to an increase in number of pods per plant and 100 seed weight, whereas at 550 ppm (88.7%) it was due to an increased number of pods/plant and seeds/pod. The results indicate variable responsive effects at different levels of CO<sub>2</sub> emphasizing the pertinence of research on elevated CO<sub>2</sub> in various agroecological inhabitations all over the world. The indication of higher responses for root and leaf at initial growth stages at the higher elevated level of CO<sub>2</sub> (700 ppm), which leads to better root establishment, achieving early photosynthetic efficiency and also better biomass production, and its improved partitioning can be reckoned as a positive aspect of increasing concentrations of CO<sub>2</sub> in atmosphere. The harvest index increased significantly to 35.7 and 38.4% at 550 and 700 ppm, respectively; it is a very important phenomenon in pulses for breaking the yield barrier.

scholarly journals Seasonal Variation of Hypericin and Pseudohypericin Contents in Hypericum Scabrum L. Growing Wild in Turkey

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0800300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Kemal Ayan ◽  
Cüneyt Çırak ◽  
Kerim Güney
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Reproductive Tissues ◽  
Full Flowering ◽  
Hypericum Scabrum ◽  
Stem Leaf ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Dark Glands

The present study was conducted to determine ontogenetic and morphogenetic variations of hypericin and pseudohypericin contents in Hypericum scabrum growing in Turkey. Plants were harvested at vegetative, floral budding, full flowering, fresh fruiting and mature fruiting stages and observed for the presence of dark glands. Subsequently, they were dissected into stem, leaf and reproductive tissues, which were dried separately, and subsequently assayed for hypericin and pseudohypericin contents by HPLC. No hypericins were detected in stem tissues, while leaves and reproductive parts accumulated both compounds at different levels depending on growth stages. In general, higher levels of hypericin and pseudohypericin accumulation were observed in reproductive parts. Content of both hypericin forms decreased with advancing of plant development and reached their highest levels at floral budding stage.

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