scholarly journals Recurrent lymphoepithelial cysts after parotidectomy in an undiagnosed HIV-positive patient

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Wu ◽  
Azeem Yousaf ◽  
Evan Kessler ◽  
Eric Seitelman ◽  
Rajiv Datta
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Benign Lesion ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Lymphoepithelial Cyst ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Lymphoepithelial Cysts ◽  
Undiagnosed Hiv ◽  
Multiple Cysts ◽  
Cervical Area

Abstract A benign lymphoepithelial cyst (BLEC) is defined as a rare, benign lesion composed of single or multiple cysts found within salivary glands or the lateral cervical area. Increasing reports suggest an association between BLEC and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), although its pathogenesis remains unclear. We report a 51-year-old male who presented with recurrent bilateral BLECs after initial parotidectomy of cyst. An HIV panel was then performed with a positive result. We review the surgical and medical managements of BLEC while also discussing further treatment recommendations. Clinicians should be aware that BLEC recurrence postparotidectomy may be the initial presenting symptom of HIV in a patient with no risk factors.

scholarly journals Prenatal Human Immunodeficiency Virus Testing and Patient Management by Obstetricians in a High Seroprevalence Community

1994 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
William R. Robinson ◽  
Michael Fleischer
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Prenatal Testing ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Testing ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
High Seroprevalence ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Seropositive ◽  
Virus Testing

Objective: In order to determine the practice habits of obstetricians concerning frequency of prenatal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing and management strategies for HIV-seropositive obstetric patients, we conducted a telephone survey of practicing obstetricians over a 3-month period.Methods: In the New Orleans metropolitan area, 71/104 (68%) obstetricians participated and completed the survey.Results: Of these obstetricians, 43/71 (60.6%) test all new obstetric patients for HIV; 64/71 (84.5%) routinely ask the patients about risk factors for infection; and 28/71 (39.4%) have actually cared for an HIV-positive patient in their practice. Those obstetricians who routinely tested for HIV were more likely to have personally managed an infected patient and more likely to ask about risk factors. The number of obstetricians who would manage infected patients without consultative assistance was 8/71 (11%).Conclusions: We concluded that obstetricians in this community have largely accepted routinely offered prenatal testing and risk assessment, but they have assumed a relatively small role in risk reduction counseling and treatment.

scholarly journals Ischemic Stroke in an HIV Positive Patient: An Initial Presentation of Neurosyphilis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Kalimullah Jan ◽  
Rebecca Hoe Hui Min ◽  
Tan Seow Yen ◽  
Shekhawat Ravindra Singh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Initial Presentation ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery Territory ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion

Ischemic stroke occurring in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) needs to be approached with a vast differential diagnosis in mind. We report a case of middle-aged male patient with immune reconstituted HIV on therapy without known cardiovascular risk factors who had a right middle cerebral artery territory infarct. After a thorough evaluation, he received a final diagnosis of neurosyphilis-associated vasculitis leading to stroke. He recovered without any neurological deficits following treatment with intravenous benzylpenicillin. Neurosyphilis is an easily diagnosed and treatable cause of a stroke that can be an initial presentation of neurosyphilis but requires a high index of suspicion.

scholarly journals Aktinomikosis di tonsil lingualis dan supraglotis sebagai manifestasi klinis pertama pada pasien imunokompromais

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Raden Isma Nurul Aini ◽  
Sinta Sari Ratunanda ◽  
W. Wijana ◽  
Agung Dinasti Permana ◽  
Sally Mahdiani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Upper Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Lingual Tonsil ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Swallowing Difficulty ◽  
Esophageal Sphincter

Latar belakang: Aktinomikosis merupakan infeksi bakteri kronis yang jarang ditemukan (1:300.000orang per tahun). Berbagai faktor risiko dapat mengakibatkan infeksi tersebut, sehingga pengobatan perludilakukan berdasarkan etiologi dan faktor risiko.Tujuan: Melaporkan dan menganalisis kasus yangjarang, yaitu aktinomikosis di hipofaring dan laring pada penderita dengan HIV-positive, yang menutupidua-pertiga inlet laring dan sfingter esofagus atas.Kasus: Laki-laki berusia 21 tahun datang dengankeluhan sulit menelan dan rasa mengganjal di tenggorok sejak 2 bulan. Pada pemeriksaan rinolaringoskopididapatkan massa berbenjol pada tonsil lingualis dan supraglotis. Hasil biopsi menunjukkan peradangankronis karena Actinomyces sp. Metode: Pencarian literatur dilakukan melalui Pubmed, Proquest, ClinicalKey, dan Google Scholar, dengan tidak membatasi tahun pencarian jurnal. Berdasarkan kriteria inklusi daneksklusi, didapatkan tiga artikel yang telah dilakukan critical appraisal. Hasil: Tidak ditemukan publikasimengenai kasus aktinomikosis servikofasial pada pasien dengan human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)positif. Tiga artikel yang ditemukan menunjukkan bahwa aktinomikosis dapat timbul pada pasien yangimunokompromais dalam jangka waktu lama. Pada tiga artikel yang dianalisis, manajemen aktinomikosisdapat dilakukan dan memberikan hasil yang baik karena telah diketahui faktor risiko sebelumnya. Namunpada kasus ini, infeksi HIV (+) sebagai faktor risiko baru ditemukan setelah manajemen aktinomikosis,dengan tindakan pembedahan dan medikamentosa sehingga memengaruhi outcome dari manajemen pasientersebut.Kesimpulan: Analisis faktor risiko pada aktinomikosis, seperti keadaan defisiensi imun akibatinfeksi HIV, perlu diinvestigasi secara mendalam sehingga dapat memperbaiki outcome manajemen pasien.Kata kunci: Aktinomikosis, disfagia, faktor risiko, defisiensi imun, human immunodeficiency virus ABSTRACTSBackground: Actinomycosis is a rare chronic bacterial infection that could be found in humans(incidence rate is 1 per 300,000 per year). There are various risk factors which can promote infection,and the treatment should be based on etiology and risk factors. Purpose: To present and analyse a caseof HIV-positive 21-year-old man with cervicofacial actinomycosis in hypopharynx and larynx, closingtwo-third of laryngeal inlet and upper esophageal sphincter. Case: A 21-years old man came with chiefcomplain of swallowing difficulty and blocking sensation in the throat. Rhinolaryngoscopy revealedcauliflower-like masses on lingual tonsil and supraglottic. Biopsy result showed chronic inflammation dueto Actinomyces sp. Method: Search of literatures was conducted on Pubmed, Proquest, Clinical Key, andGoogle Scholar without limiting years of journals. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, threearticles were obtained as full texts and considered useful for the authors to be analysed. Result: Authorsdid not find any case reports and other papers discussing cervicofacial actinomycosis with HIV-positivein national and international journals. Three articles revealed that infection due to Actimomyces sp. wasrelated with long-term immunosuppressed conditions. In these articles, actinomycosis managementsshowed good response since their risk factors were known. However in our case, HIV as a predisposingfactor was discovered postoperatively, and after pharmacological treatment of actinomycosis had beenadministerred, affecting outcome and next management of this patient. Conclusion: In-depth analysisof actinomycosis predisposing factors, HIV infection should be included in order to improve the patientmanagement outcome. Keywords: Actinomycosis, risk factor, immunocompromised, human immunodeficiency virus

Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Nasal Colonization WithStaphylococcus aureusAmong Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Outpatients in Singapore

2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 438-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Villacian ◽  
T. Barkham ◽  
A. Earnest ◽  
N. I. Paton
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Nasal Colonization ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Mrsa Colonization

AbstractWe studied the prevalence of and risk factors forStaphylococcus aureusnasal colonization in HIV-positive outpatients in Singapore. Overall prevalence was 23% (45 of 195), with 3% (6 of 195) being MRSA. Recent antibiotic use and hospitalization were independent predictors of MRSA colonization. Isolates were genotypically identical to our hospital's inpatient circulating strain.

scholarly journals Frailty Is Associated With Mortality and Incident Comorbidity Among Middle-Aged Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)–Positive and HIV-Negative Participants

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 (6) ◽  
pp. 919-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eveline Verheij ◽  
Gregory D Kirk ◽  
Ferdinand W Wit ◽  
Rosan A van Zoest ◽  
Sebastiaan O Verboeket ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Geriatric Population ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hiv Negative

Abstract Background Frailty is associated with mortality and morbidity in the general geriatric population, but less is known about its impact among the aging but generally younger population with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Methods The impact of frailty on all-cause mortality during 6 years of follow-up and incident comorbidity during 4 years of follow-up was assessed among 598 HIV-positive and 550 comparable HIV-negative participants aged ≥ 45 years of the AGEhIV Cohort Study. Frailty encompasses 5 domains; weight loss, low physical activity, exhaustion, decreased grip strength, and slow gait speed. Presence of ≥ 3 denotes frailty, 1–2 prefrailty, and 0 robust. Multivariable Cox and logistic regression models were used to assess the independent relationships of frailty with both outcomes, adjusting for HIV infection and traditional risk factors. Results At baseline, 7.5% (n = 86) of participants were frail. During follow-up, 38 participants died. Mortality rate was significantly higher among frail participants: 25.7/1000 person-years of follow-up (PYFU) (95% confidence interval [CI], 14.2–46.4) compared with prefrail (7.2/1000 PYFU [95% CI, 4.7–11.2]) and robust (2.3/1000 PYFU [95% CI, 1.1–4.9]). In fully adjusted analyses, frailty remained strongly associated with death (hazard ratio, 4.6 [95% CI, 1.7–12.5]) and incident comorbidity (odds ratio, 1.9 [95% CI, 1.1–3.1]). No interactions were observed between frailty and HIV status in all analyses. Conclusions Frailty is a strong predictor of both mortality and incident comorbidity independent from other risk factors. Clinical Trials Registration NCT01466582.

Anal Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions (SILs) in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Positive Men Who Have Sex With Men: Incidence and Risk Factors of SIL and of Progression and Clearance of Low-Grade SILs

2019 ◽  
Vol 222 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
V W Jongen ◽  
O Richel ◽  
E Marra ◽  
M L Siegenbeek van Heukelom ◽  
A van Eeden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Anal Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesions

Abstract Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–positive men who have sex with men (MSM) are at risk of anal squamous cell carcinoma. Data are limited on the natural history of the precursor to this carcinoma, anal squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs). Methods HIV-positive MSM were screened for histopathological SILs by means of high-resolution anoscopy (HRA). For participants without SILs at baseline, we estimated the cumulative incidence and risk factors for SILs. For those with low-grade SILs (LSILs) at baseline, the risk of progression to high-grade SILs (HSILs) and the clearance rate were estimated at the lesion level. Results Of 807 men without SILs at baseline, 107 underwent follow-up HRA between 1 to 4.5 years later. At the second visit 18 men (16.8%) showed LSIL, and 25 (23.4%) HSIL. Age was associated with incident LSILs (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.10 per 10-year increase in age; P = .01). Of 393 men with LSILs at baseline, 114 underwent follow-up HRA 0.5 to 2.5 years later. Of the 177 LSILs found at baseline, 87 (49.2%) had cleared at the second visit, and 29 (16.4%) had progressed to HSILs. Conclusion Incident LSILs and HSILs were common during follow-up among HIV-positive MSM without dysplasia at baseline. Among men with LSILs at baseline, nearly half of these lesions cleared, and a small portion progressed.

A review of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and postpartum depression

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (9) ◽  
pp. 288-292
Author(s):  
Kent Owusu ◽  
Ravin Patel ◽  
Allison M. Chung
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Child Bearing ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Vertical Transmission Of Hiv ◽  
Incidence Risk

Depression is common among HIV-infected women, predicts treatment non-adherence, and may impact mother to daughter (vertical) transmission of HIV. A majority of women who develop HIV are of child-bearing age, and are at risk for postpartum depression (PPD). A literature review was performed to analyze the literature regarding PPD in HIV-positive women. This review specifically looked at literature regarding the incidence, risk factors, outcomes, and treatment of PPD in HIV-positive women compared to the general population. While existing literature is limited, it seems to imply that there is no difference between HIV-positive women and unaffected women when it comes to PPD incidence or risk factors. A majority of studies did conclude that routine screenings are needed for depressive symptoms in HIV-positive women.

scholarly journals Contribution of Genetic Background and Clinical Risk Factors to Low-Trauma Fractures in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Positive Persons: The Swiss HIV Cohort Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Junier ◽  
Margalida Rotger ◽  
Emmanuel Biver ◽  
Bruno Ledergerber ◽  
Catalina Barceló ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
General Population ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Incidence Density ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background.  The impact of human genetic background on low-trauma fracture (LTF) risk has not been evaluated in the context of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and clinical LTF risk factors. Methods.  In the general population, 6 common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associate with LTF through genome-wide association study. Using genome-wide SNP arrays and imputation, we genotyped these SNPs in HIV-positive, white Swiss HIV Cohort Study participants. We included 103 individuals with a first, physician-validated LTF and 206 controls matched on gender, whose duration of observation and whose antiretroviral therapy start dates were similar using incidence density sampling. Analyses of nongenetic LTF risk factors were based on 158 cases and 788 controls. Results.  A genetic risk score built from the 6 LTF-associated SNPs did not associate with LTF risk, in both models including and not including parental hip fracture history. The contribution of clinical LTF risk factors was limited in our dataset. Conclusions.  Genetic LTF markers with a modest effect size in the general population do not improve fracture prediction in persons with HIV, in whom clinical LTF risk factors are prevalent in both cases and controls.

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