Maize YSL2 is required for iron distribution and development in kernels

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (19) ◽  
pp. 5896-5910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Zang ◽  
Yanqing Huo ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
Huairen Zhang ◽  
Juan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Proper Function ◽  
Mitochondrial Morphology ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Kernel Development ◽  
Small Kernel ◽  
Fe Homeostasis ◽  
Yellow Stripe

Abstract Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient and plays an irreplaceable role in plant growth and development. Although its uptake and translocation are important biological processes, little is known about the molecular mechanism of Fe translocation within seed. Here, we characterized a novel small kernel mutant yellow stripe like 2 (ysl2) in maize (Zea mays). ZmYSL2 was predominantly expressed in developing endosperm and was found to encode a plasma membrane-localized metal–nicotianamine (NA) transporter ZmYSL2. Analysis of transporter activity revealed ZmYSL2-mediated Fe transport from endosperm to embryo during kernel development. Dysfunction of ZmYSL2 resulted in the imbalance of Fe homeostasis and abnormality of protein accumulation and starch deposition in the kernel. Significant changes of nitric oxide accumulation, mitochondrial Fe–S cluster content, and mitochondrial morphology indicated that the proper function of mitochondria was also affected in ysl2. Collectively, our study demonstrated that ZmYSL2 had a pivotal role in mediating Fe distribution within the kernel and kernel development in maize.

scholarly journals The Yellow Stripe-Like (YSL) Gene Functions in Internal Copper Transport in Peanut

Genes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Dai ◽  
Nanqi Wang ◽  
Hongchun Xiong ◽  
Wei Qiu ◽  
Hiromi Nakanishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Cu Deficiency ◽  
Gene Functions ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Family Gene ◽  
Yellow Stripe ◽  
Internal Transport

Copper (Cu) is involved in fundamental biological processes for plant growth and development. However, Cu excess is harmful to plants. Thus, Cu in plant tissues must be tightly regulated. In this study, we found that the peanut Yellow Stripe-Like family gene AhYSL3.1 is involved in Cu transport. Among five AhYSL genes, AhYSL3.1 and AhYSL3.2 were upregulated by Cu deficiency in peanut roots and expressed mainly in young leaves. A yeast complementation assay suggested that the plasma membrane-localized AhYSL3.1 was a Cu-nicotianamine complex transporter. High expression of AhYSL3.1 in tobacco and rice plants with excess Cu resulted in a low concentration of Cu in young leaves. These transgenic plants were resistant to excess Cu. The above results suggest that AhYSL3.1 is responsible for the internal transport of Cu in peanut.

Manganese as a Micronutrient in Agriculture: Crop Requirement and Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 225-242
Author(s):  
MH Rashed ◽  
TS Hoque ◽  
MMR Jahangir ◽  
MA Hashem
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Nutrient Elements ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Critical Levels ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Safe Environment ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Cell Compartments ◽  
Manganese Uptake

Manganese (Mn) as an essential plant micronutrient affects plant development, when at deficient or toxic levels. Manganese is used in several biological processes as an important contributor in plant growth and development. Manganese uptake depends on forms of Mn in soil solution, crop characteristics including growth rate, and ineteractions with other environmental factors. Its distribution in soils and requirement for crops vary from location to location, depending on soil type and reactions. Despite the metabolic roles of Mn in different plant cell compartments, the importance of Mn requirement in plants, distribution in soils and application to crops has been understated. As a micronutrient, judicious Mn management requires to critically evaluating its concentration in soils, biochemical functions, critical levels, soil availability and interactions with other nutrient elements is essential. This review has critically analysed the existing body of knowledge on Mn distribution in soils, dynamics, functions and management towards better crop production and safe environment. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 12(1&2): 225-242, 2019

scholarly journals The Effect of the Upregulated Expression of Fe Regulators IMA1 and bHLH104 in Arabidopsis on the Root Length and Fe Homeostasis Under Pi Starvation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangxiang Meng ◽  
Wenfeng Li ◽  
Renfang Shen ◽  
Ping Lan
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Pi Starvation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fe Uptake ◽  
Fe Homeostasis ◽  
Total P

Abstract Phosphate (Pi) and iron (Fe) are two essential mineral nutrients for plant growth and development. Pi starvation triggers the Fe local redistribution and over-accumulation, resulting in the reduction of the primary root, while represses the expression of Fe uptake genes. Nevertheless, the antagonistic mechanism between P and Fe nutrition in plant remain not addressed. Here, the effect of the upregulated expression of Fe regulators IMA1 and bHLH104 driven by the different-type promoters (proCaMV 35S, the promoters of Pi-starvation responsive genes proIPS1 and proPHT1;4) in response to Pi starvation was investigated in Arabidopsis. The results showed that the expression of Fe uptake genes IRT1 and FRO2 was successfully upregulated in proIPS1::IMA1, proPHT1;4::IMA1 and proIPS1::bHLH104 under Pi starvation while decreased in pro35S::IMA1, pro35S::bHLH104 and proPHT1;4::bHLH104, compared with that in the corresponding plants under Pi sufficiency. Although the length and Fe distribution in roots of them didn’t have significant difference with wild type under Pi starvation, the Fe distribution and total Fe contents were significantly increased in shoots of proIPS1::IMA1, proPHT1;4::IMA1 and proIPS1::bHLH104 while were decreased in proPHT1;4::bHLH104. The higher Fe concentrations in the Pi-starved transgenic plants also conferred the obviously tolerance to Fe deficiency. Their biomasses and total P concentrations showed no difference with wild type, regardless of Pi sufficiency or deficiency. Therefore, this approach would be a novel manipulation to modify Fe nutrient via coupling with Pi starvation in plants.

A POPULATION MODEL FOR PLANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT: COUPLING COTTON–HERBIVORE INTERACTION

1977 ◽  
Vol 109 (10) ◽  
pp. 1359-1374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Wang ◽  
A. P. Gutierrez ◽  
G. Oster ◽  
R. Daxl
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Population Model ◽  
Behavioral Characteristics ◽  
Mathematical Framework ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Essential Properties ◽  
Herbivore Interaction

AbstractA general population model for cotton growth and development is presented. The model captures the essential properties of the biological processes, and is sufficiently flexible to the incorporation of complex physiological and behavioral characteristics. The model has been used successfully to simulate the growth and development of Acala SJ-II cotton in California. The mathematical framework for coupling plants and herbivores has been presented, and the biological implications of their damage to the plant examined in a very general way.

Mechanisms of ethylene biosynthesis and response in plants

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul B. Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Unsaturated Hydrocarbon ◽  
Flower Senescence ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Step Process ◽  
Ethylene Response ◽  
Ethylene Signalling

Ethylene is the simplest unsaturated hydrocarbon, yet it has profound effects on plant growth and development, including many agriculturally important phenomena. Analysis of the mechanisms underlying ethylene biosynthesis and signalling have resulted in the elucidation of multistep mechanisms which at first glance appear simple, but in fact represent several levels of control to tightly regulate the level of production and response. Ethylene biosynthesis represents a two-step process that is regulated at both the transcriptional and post-translational levels, thus enabling plants to control the amount of ethylene produced with regard to promotion of responses such as climacteric flower senescence and fruit ripening. Ethylene production subsequently results in activation of the ethylene response, as ethylene accumulation will trigger the ethylene signalling pathway to activate ethylene-dependent transcription for promotion of the response and for resetting the pathway. A more detailed knowledge of the mechanisms underlying biosynthesis and the ethylene response will ultimately enable new approaches to be developed for control of the initiation and progression of ethylene-dependent developmental processes, many of which are of horticultural significance.

Response of Poinsettia Growth and Development to Ratio of Radiant to Thermal Energy

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 508e-508
Author(s):  
Bin Liu ◽  
Royal D. Heins
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Daily Light Integral ◽  
Highly Correlated

A concept of ratio of radiant to thermal energy (RRT) has been developed to deal with the interactive effect of light and temperature on plant growth and development. This study further confirms that RRT is a useful parameter for plant growth, development, and quality control. Based on greenhouse experiments conducted with 27 treatment combinations of temperature, light, and plant spacing, a model for poinsettia plant growth and development was constructed using the computer program STELLA II. Results from the model simulation with different levels of daily light integral, temperature, and plant spacing showed that the RRT significantly affects leaf unfolding rate when RRT is lower than 0.025 mol/degree-day per plant. Plant dry weight is highly correlated with RRT; it increases linearly as RRT increases.

An Insight into Oligopeptide Transporter 3 (OPT3) family proteins

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fırat Kurt
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Chelating Agent ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Oligopeptide Transporter ◽  
Binding Residues ◽  
Fe Homeostasis ◽  
Proteins Interactions ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Selection Of

: Oligopeptide transporter 3 (OPT3) proteins are one of the subsets of OPT clade, yet little is known about these transporters. Therefore, homolog OPT3 proteins in several plant species were investigated and characterized using bioinformatical tools. Motif and co-expression analyses showed that OPT3 proteins may be involved in both biotic and abiotic stress responses as well as growth and developmental processes. AtOPT3 usually seemed to take part in Fe homeostasis whereas ZmOPT3 putatively interacted with proteins involved in various biological processes from plant defense system to stress responses. Glutathione (GSH), as a putative alternative chelating agent, was used in the AtOPT3 and ZmOPT3 docking analyses to identify their putative binding residues. The information given in this study will contribute to the understanding of OPT3 proteins’ interactions in various pathways and to the selection of potential ligands for OPT3s.

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