Manganese as a Micronutrient in Agriculture: Crop Requirement and Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 225-242
Author(s):  
MH Rashed ◽  
TS Hoque ◽  
MMR Jahangir ◽  
MA Hashem
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Nutrient Elements ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Critical Levels ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Safe Environment ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Cell Compartments ◽  
Manganese Uptake

Manganese (Mn) as an essential plant micronutrient affects plant development, when at deficient or toxic levels. Manganese is used in several biological processes as an important contributor in plant growth and development. Manganese uptake depends on forms of Mn in soil solution, crop characteristics including growth rate, and ineteractions with other environmental factors. Its distribution in soils and requirement for crops vary from location to location, depending on soil type and reactions. Despite the metabolic roles of Mn in different plant cell compartments, the importance of Mn requirement in plants, distribution in soils and application to crops has been understated. As a micronutrient, judicious Mn management requires to critically evaluating its concentration in soils, biochemical functions, critical levels, soil availability and interactions with other nutrient elements is essential. This review has critically analysed the existing body of knowledge on Mn distribution in soils, dynamics, functions and management towards better crop production and safe environment. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 12(1&2): 225-242, 2019

A review of ascorbic acid potentialities against oxidative stress induced in plants

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taqi Khan ◽  
Mohd Mazid ◽  
Firoz Mohammad
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Environmental Stresses ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Oxidative Stresses

A review of ascorbic acid potentialities against oxidative stress induced in plantsAscorbic acid (AA) currently holds a significant position in plant physiology, mainly due to its possession of antioxidant and cellular reductant etc.properties and its diverse roles in plant growth and development and the regulation of a broad spectrum of plant cellular mechanisms against environmental stresses. Some researchers suggest that endogenous AA has been implicated in the promotion of plant growth and development by involvement in a complex and enigmatic array of phytohormone-regulated signalling networks that ties together different environmental stresses. As it is evident from the present review, recent progress on AA potentiality in the tolerance of plants to environmental stresses has been impressive. Indeed, AA plays an important role in resistance to oxidative stresses such as heavy metal, saline, ultra-violet etc. Rapidly increasing evidence indicates that AA is centrally involved in several physiological processes but there has been much disagreement regarding the mechanism(s) by which AA reduces the damaging effects of such stresses in plants. Perhaps the role of AA in mediating tolerance to abiotic stress (e.g. UV, salinity and temperature, etc.) will lead to a greater research focus in the near future. In addition, AA might provide a suitably attractive target for the enhancement of crop production.

scholarly journals Role of Sulphate Transporter (PiSulT) of Endophytic Fungus Serendipita indica in Plant Growth and Development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Om Prakash Narayan ◽  
Nidhi Verma ◽  
Abhimanyu Jogawat ◽  
Meenakshi Dua ◽  
Atul Kumar Johri
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Endophytic Fungus ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Major Facilitator Superfamily ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Growth Development

ABSTRACTSulfur is an important macronutrient required for the growth, development of plants and is a key component of many metabolic pathways. We have functionally characterized a high-affinity sulphate transporter (PiSulT) from an endophytic fungus Serendipita indica. The PiSulT belongs to the major facilitator superfamily (MFS) of membrane transporter. The PiSulT functionally complements the yeast sulphate transporter mutant HK14. PiSulT is a high-affinity sulphate transporter, having Km 15μM. We found enhanced expression of PiSulT in external fungal hyphae which helps the fungus in the acquisition of sulphate from the soil. When knockdown (KD)-PiSulT-P.indica colonized with the plant, it results in an 8-fold reduction in the transfer of sulphate to the colonized plants as compared to the plants colonized with the WT S. indica, which suggests that PiSulT is playing a role in sulphate transfer from soil to host plant. Further, plants colonized with the WT S. indica were found to be healthy in comparison to the plants colonized with the KD-PiSulT-P.indica. Additionally, S. indica colonization provides a positive effect on total sulfur content and on plant metabolites like sulfate ions and glutathione, particularly under low sulphate condition. We observed that the expression of sulfur assimilation pathway genes of S. indica and plant is dependent on the availability of sulphate and on the colonization with the plant. Our study highlights the importance of PiSulT in the improvement of sulfur nutrition of host plant particularly under low sulphate condition and in plant growth development. This study will open new vistas to use S. indica as a bio-fertilizer in the sulphate deficient field to improve crop production.One-Sentence SummaryHigh-affinity sulphate transporter of Serendipita indica (PiSulT) transfer sulphate from soil to plant under low sulphate condition and improve plant growth and development.

scholarly journals Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms: Promising Approach as Biofertilizers

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Girmay Kalayu
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Phosphorus Compounds ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing ◽  
P Fertilizers

Phosphorus (P) is a macronutrient required for the proper functioning of plants. Because P plays a vital role in every aspect of plant growth and development, deficiencies can reduce plant growth and development. Though soil possesses total P in the form of organic and inorganic compounds, most of them remain inactive and thus unavailable to plants. Since many farmers cannot afford to use P fertilizers to reduce P deficits, alternative techniques to provide P are needed. Phosphate solubilizing microbes (PSMs) are a group of beneficial microorganisms capable of hydrolyzing organic and inorganic insoluble phosphorus compounds to soluble P form that can easily be assimilated by plants. PSM provides an ecofriendly and economically sound approach to overcome the P scarcity and its subsequent uptake by plants. Though PSMs have been a subject of research for decades, manipulation of PSMs for making use of increasing fixed P in the soil and improving crop production at the field level has not yet been adequately commercialized. The purpose of this review is to widen the understanding of the role of PSMs in crop production as biofertilizers.

scholarly journals The Yellow Stripe-Like (YSL) Gene Functions in Internal Copper Transport in Peanut

Genes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Dai ◽  
Nanqi Wang ◽  
Hongchun Xiong ◽  
Wei Qiu ◽  
Hiromi Nakanishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Cu Deficiency ◽  
Gene Functions ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Family Gene ◽  
Yellow Stripe ◽  
Internal Transport

Copper (Cu) is involved in fundamental biological processes for plant growth and development. However, Cu excess is harmful to plants. Thus, Cu in plant tissues must be tightly regulated. In this study, we found that the peanut Yellow Stripe-Like family gene AhYSL3.1 is involved in Cu transport. Among five AhYSL genes, AhYSL3.1 and AhYSL3.2 were upregulated by Cu deficiency in peanut roots and expressed mainly in young leaves. A yeast complementation assay suggested that the plasma membrane-localized AhYSL3.1 was a Cu-nicotianamine complex transporter. High expression of AhYSL3.1 in tobacco and rice plants with excess Cu resulted in a low concentration of Cu in young leaves. These transgenic plants were resistant to excess Cu. The above results suggest that AhYSL3.1 is responsible for the internal transport of Cu in peanut.

Maize YSL2 is required for iron distribution and development in kernels

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (19) ◽  
pp. 5896-5910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Zang ◽  
Yanqing Huo ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
Huairen Zhang ◽  
Juan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Proper Function ◽  
Mitochondrial Morphology ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Kernel Development ◽  
Small Kernel ◽  
Fe Homeostasis ◽  
Yellow Stripe

Abstract Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient and plays an irreplaceable role in plant growth and development. Although its uptake and translocation are important biological processes, little is known about the molecular mechanism of Fe translocation within seed. Here, we characterized a novel small kernel mutant yellow stripe like 2 (ysl2) in maize (Zea mays). ZmYSL2 was predominantly expressed in developing endosperm and was found to encode a plasma membrane-localized metal–nicotianamine (NA) transporter ZmYSL2. Analysis of transporter activity revealed ZmYSL2-mediated Fe transport from endosperm to embryo during kernel development. Dysfunction of ZmYSL2 resulted in the imbalance of Fe homeostasis and abnormality of protein accumulation and starch deposition in the kernel. Significant changes of nitric oxide accumulation, mitochondrial Fe–S cluster content, and mitochondrial morphology indicated that the proper function of mitochondria was also affected in ysl2. Collectively, our study demonstrated that ZmYSL2 had a pivotal role in mediating Fe distribution within the kernel and kernel development in maize.

scholarly journals Current Understandings on Magnesium Deficiency and Future Outlooks for Sustainable Agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1819
Author(s):  
Ahmad Hassan Chaudhry ◽  
Shafa Nayab ◽  
Syed Bilal Hussain ◽  
Muqarrab Ali ◽  
Zhiyong Pan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Magnesium Deficiency ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
Available Information

The productivity of agricultural produce is fairly dependent on the availability of nutrients and efficient use. Magnesium (Mg2+) is an essential macronutrient of living cells and is the second most prevalent free divalent cation in plants. Mg2+ plays a role in several physiological processes that support plant growth and development. However, it has been largely forgotten in fertilization management strategies to increase crop production, which leads to severe reductions in plant growth and yield. In this review, we discuss how the Mg2+ shortage induces several responses in plants at different levels: morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular. Additionally, the Mg2+ uptake and transport mechanisms in different cellular organelles and the role of Mg2+ transporters in regulating Mg2+ homeostasis are also discussed. Overall, in this review, we critically summarize the available information about the responses of Mg deficiency on plant growth and development, which would facilitate plant scientists to create Mg2+-deficiency-resilient crops through agronomic and genetic biofortification.

scholarly journals What is urea-triazone nitrogen?

EDIS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guodong Liu ◽  
Jeffrey Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
N Fertilizers ◽  
N Sources ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Commercial Crop ◽  
Salt Index

Foliar application of nitrogen and other nutrients essential for plant growth and development is an important practice for crop production. Most foliar nutrient N products contained the traditional N sources such as ammonium, nitrate and/or urea before urea-triazone N was available on the market. The traditional N sources have a greater salt index and leaf-burn potential than urea-triazone N. To avoid or minimize leaf burning, urea-triazone N fertilizers can be used instead of the traditional N sources. But growers have concerns about the safety of using triazone N fertilizers for commercial crop production because the fertilizers are still new to them. This 2-page fact sheet provides basic information on urea-triazone-based fertilizer for county faculty, crop consultants and advisors, growers, and students interested in commercial crop production. Written by Guodong Liu and Jeffrey Williamson, and published by the UF Department of Horticultural Sciences, October 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1233

A POPULATION MODEL FOR PLANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT: COUPLING COTTON–HERBIVORE INTERACTION

1977 ◽  
Vol 109 (10) ◽  
pp. 1359-1374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Wang ◽  
A. P. Gutierrez ◽  
G. Oster ◽  
R. Daxl
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Population Model ◽  
Behavioral Characteristics ◽  
Mathematical Framework ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Essential Properties ◽  
Herbivore Interaction

AbstractA general population model for cotton growth and development is presented. The model captures the essential properties of the biological processes, and is sufficiently flexible to the incorporation of complex physiological and behavioral characteristics. The model has been used successfully to simulate the growth and development of Acala SJ-II cotton in California. The mathematical framework for coupling plants and herbivores has been presented, and the biological implications of their damage to the plant examined in a very general way.

scholarly journals Calcium (Ca) and Sulfur (S) for Citrus Trees

EDIS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mongi Zekri ◽  
Tom Obreza
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Healthy Plant ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Citrus Plant ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
Major Constraint ◽  
Secondary Role ◽  
Soil And Water

Calcium and sulfur are sometimes called secondary nutrients. This term does not mean that these nutrients play a secondary role in citrus plant growth and development. Ca and S are as essential as N, P, K, Mg, and other nutrients for healthy plant growth. An inadequate supply of Ca and/or S can be a major constraint to crop production and quality. This 5-page fact sheet was written by Mongi Zekri and Tom Obreza and published by the UF Department of Soil and Water Science, July 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ss584

scholarly journals Silicon’s Role in Plant Stress Reduction and Why this Element is not used Routinely for Managing Plant Health

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Zellener ◽  
Brenda Tubana ◽  
Fabricio Avila Rodrigues ◽  
Lawrence E Datnoff
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Plant Health ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Consistent Information

Numerous reviews and 100s of refereed articles have been published on silicon’s effects on abiotic and biotic stress as well as overall plant growth and development. The science for silicon is well-documented and comprehensive. However, even with this robust body of information, silicon is still not routinely used for alleviating plant stress and promoting plant growth and development. What is holding producers and growers back from using silicon? There are several possible reasons, which include: (i) lack of consistent information on which soil orders are low or limited in silicon, (ii) no universally accepted soil test for gauging the amounts of soluble silicon have been calibrated for many agronomic or horticultural crops, (iii) most analytical laboratories do not routinely assay plant tissue for silicon and current standard tissue digestion procedures used would render silicon insoluble, (iv) many scientists still state that plants are either silicon accumulators or non-accumulators when in reality all plants accumulate some silicon in their plant tissues, (v) silicon is not recognized as being necessary for plant development, (vi) lack of economic studies to show the benefits of applying silicon, and (vii) lack of extension outreach to present the positive benefits of silicon to producers and growers. Many of these issues mentioned above will need to be resolved if silicon is to become a standard practice to improve agronomic and horticultural crop production and plant health.

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