scholarly journals Nutrition-mediated cell and tissue-level anatomy triggers the covariation of leaf photosynthesis and leaf mass per area

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (20) ◽  
pp. 6524-6537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhifeng Lu ◽  
Tao Ren ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Wenshi Hu ◽  
Jianglin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Leaf Mass Per Area ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Leaf Mass ◽  
K Deficiency

Abstract Plants in nutrient-poor habitats converge towards lower rates of leaf net CO2 assimilation (Aarea); however, they display variability in leaf mass investment per area (LMA). How a plant optimizes its leaf internal carbon investment may have knock-on effects on structural traits and, in turn, affect leaf carbon fixation. Quantitative models were applied to evaluate the structural causes of variations in LMA and their relevance to Aarea in rapeseed (Brassica napus) based on their responses to nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and boron (B) deficiencies. Leaf carbon fixation decreased in response to nutrient deficiency, but the photosynthetic limitations varied greatly depending on the deficient nutrient. In comparison with Aarea, the LMA exhibited diverse responses, being increased under P or B deficiency, decreased under K deficiency, and unaffected under N deficiency. These variations were due to changes in cell- and tissue-level carbon investments between cell dry mass density (N or K deficiency) and cellular anatomy, including cell dimension and number (P deficiency), or both (B deficiency). However, there was a conserved pattern independent of nutrient-specific limitations—low nutrient availability reduced leaf carbon fixation but increased carbon investment in non-photosynthetic structures, resulting in larger but fewer mesophyll cells with a thicker cell wall but a lower chloroplast surface area appressed to the intercellular airspace, which reduced the mesophyll conductance and feedback-limited Aarea. Our results provide insight into the importance of mineral nutrients in balancing the leaf carbon economy by coordinating leaf carbon assimilation and internal distribution.

A Comparison of Methods for Assessment of Nutrient Deficiency of Phytoplankton in a Large Oligotrophic Lake

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 2328-2338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter K. Dodds ◽  
John C. Priscu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stratification ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Short Term ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Flathead Lake ◽  
Dark Carbon Fixation ◽  
Nutrient Amendments

Short-term (h) and Song-term (d) changes in phytoplankton community physiology and bsomass in response to nutrient enrichment were used concomitantly as bioassays of phytoplankton nutrient deficiency in oligotrophic Flathead Lake, Montana, six times over the course of a year. Long-term bioassays consisted of nutrient amendments to epilimnetic water in 20 L containers which were subsequently monitored for algal growth. Short-term bioassays included measurement of NH4+ stimulation of dark carbon fixation, measurement of PO43− and NH4+ uptake over time to assess depletion of internal pools and stimulation effects of PO43− on NH4+ uptake and NH4+ on PO43− uptake. During thermal stratification, simultaneous additions of NH4+ and PO43− in long-term bioassays caused significant increases in chlorophyll a concentration, photosynthetic 14CO2 uptake, and particulate N concentration within 4.5 d; single additions of NH4+ or PO43− had little or no effect. During winter mixing there was little evidence for N or P deficiency in either short- or long-term bioassays. In general, short-term bioassays did not consistently agree with each other or with long-term bioassays. Our results suggest that it may be necessary to elicit growth of phytoplankton with nutrient addition to make definitive statements regarding nutrient deficiency.

scholarly journals 306 Implications for Biogenic Hydrocarbon Inventory Development from Leafmass Measurements of Urban Trees

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 495C-495
Author(s):  
John F. Karlik ◽  
Arthur M. Winer
Keyword(s):  
Mass Density ◽  
Urban Air Pollution ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
Accurate Estimate ◽  
Urban Trees ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Leaf Mass Per Area ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Voc Emissions ◽  
Leaf Mass

More than 70 biogenic hydrocarbon (BHC) compounds are known to be emitted by plants, but only a few are emitted in relatively large quantities. The magnitude of BHC emissions from individual trees is affected by ambient light and temperature, species-specific emissions rates, and leafmass. Like other volatile organic compounds (VOC), BHC emissions react with oxides of nitrogen (NOx) to form ozone and, thus, can contribute to urban air pollution. On average, BHC emissions are as reactive or more reactive than the VOC emissions from automobiles and can have higher ozone-forming potential. An accurate estimate of the overall magnitude of BHC contributions is important in formulating strategies to reduce peak ozone concentrations because an effective strategy will take into account the relative strengths of NOx and VOC emissions. The choice between NOx and VOC controls is crucial since an incorrect emphasis may result in non-attainment of ozone-reduction goals and control measures for either NOx or VOC involve enormous costs. As part of a program to develop a reliable BHC emission inventory for the Central Valley of California, a quantitative investigation of the leafmass of urban trees was conducted. Twenty-one trees in Bakersfield, Calif., were harvested and leaves removed, dried, and weighed. Leaf masses per tree ranged from 1.5 to 89.6 kg. Leaf mass densities (dry leaf mass per area of crown projection) ranged from 150 to 3200 g·m-2, as much as eight times greater than leaf mass densities for deciduous forests and more than twice those for coniferous forests. These data suggest the BHC contributions of urban trees may be underestimated if their foliar masses are calculated using forest-based leaf mass density data.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF MINERAL DEFICIENCY ON MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND ON SHOOT AND ROOT MINERAL PARTITIONING IN THREE SUNFLOWER VARIETIES / EFECTO DE LA FALTA DE ELEMENTOS MINERALAS SOBRE LOS PARAMENTROS MORFOLOGICOS Y FISIOLOGICOS Y REPARTICION DE ELEMENTOS MINERALES DE LA PARTE SOBRE EL SUELO Y DE LA RAIZ EN TRES VARIEDADES / INFLUENCE DE LA CARENCE D’ÉLÉMENTS MINÉRAUX SUR LES PARAMÈTRES MORPHOLOGIQUES ET PHYSIOLOGIQUES ET SUR LA DISTRIBUTION DES ÉLÉMENTS MINÉRAUX ENTRE LA PARTIE AÉRIENNE ET LA RACINE POUR TROIS SORTES DE TOURNESOL

Helia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (35) ◽  
pp. 135-148
Author(s):  
Mohammed El Midaoui ◽  
Ahmed Talouizte ◽  
Benbella Mohamed ◽  
Serieys Hervé ◽  
Ait Houssa Abdelhadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mineral Deficiency ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
Matter Effect

SUMMARYAn experiment has been carried out in order to study the behaviour under mineral deficiency of three sunflower genotypes, a population variety (Oro 9) and two hybrids (Mirasol and Albena). Sunflower seedlings were submitted to five treatments: N deficiency (N0), P deficiency (P0), K deficiency (K0), N and K deficiency (N0K0) and a control. Plants were harvested when they reached 3-4 true pairs of leaves. Growth parameters measured (height, total leaf area, root length, root and shoot dry mater) were all significantly reduced by mineral deficiency. Leaf area was most reduced by N0 (-61%) and P0 (-56%). Total dry matter was most affected by N0 (-63%) and by N0K0 (-66%). Genotype comparisons showed that Oro 9 had the highest shoot dry matter while Albena had the lowest root dry matter. Effect of mineral deficiency on content and partitioning of N, P, K, Ca and Na was significant and varied according to treatments and among plant parts. Shoot dry weight was significantly correlated with root N content (r2=0.81) and root K content (r2=-0.61) for N0 and K0.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic efficiency and production of cowpea cultivars under deficit irrigation

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Soares de Melo ◽  
Allisson Rafael Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Alexson Filgueiras Dutra ◽  
Wellison Filgueiras Dutra ◽  
Marcos Eric Barbosa Brito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Green Beans ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Cowpea Cultivars

Cowpea is a crop with great economic, social and food importance in semi-arid regions, but its production is drastically reduced by the water deficit in these regions, requiring better management strategies that allow the crop’s production. This study therefore aimed to evaluate the photosynthetic efficiency and production of cowpea cultivars under deficit irrigation replacement levels. The experiment tested three cowpea genotypes (G1 = ‘BRS Aracé’, G2 = ‘BR 17 Gurguéia’ and G3 = ‘BRS Marataoã’) and four irrigation depths (40, 60, 80 and 100% of ETc), resulting in a 3 x 4 factorial scheme, arranged in randomized complete blocks design with four replicates. During the experiment, the gas exchanges, chlorophyll a fluorescence and production of the cowpea genotypes under deficit irrigation were evaluated. Carbon fixation in the photosynthetic metabolism of cowpea plants was reduced by accentuated water deficit, regardless of the genotype. The low stress severity was indicated by the lack of effects on chlorophyll fluorescence, indicating that the reduction in the rate of carbon assimilation was due to the stomatal effects. The irrigation with 80% of ETc can be used in the cultivation of the respective cultivars, but with small losses in the production. Among the genotypes, ‘BRS Marataoã’ stands out with respect to yield, with higher values for weight of pods and green beans.

scholarly journals Photoperiod, Carbon Partitioning, and Reproductive Development in Rabbiteye Blueberry

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (5) ◽  
pp. 856-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Darnell
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Carbon Partitioning ◽  
Stem Tissue ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Vaccinium Ashei ◽  
Bloom Period ◽  
Short Days

Containerized `Climax' and `Beckyblue' rabbiteye blueberry plants (Vaccinium ashei Reade) were exposed to 5 weeks of natural daylengths or shortened daylengths starting 30 Sept. `Beckyblue' plants exposed to short daylengths in the fall initiated more flower buds and had a shorter, more concentrated bloom period than did plants exposed to natural fall daylengths. Reproductive development of `Climax' was not influenced by photoperiod treatments. Leaf carbon assimilation of both cultivars increased under short days. Partitioning of translocated 14C-labeled assimilates to stem tissue increased under short photoperiods for `Beckyblue'; however, partitioning patterns in `Climax' were not affected. Increased carbon fixation and increased partitioning of carbon to stem tissue under short days may contribute to the observed effect of short days on enhancing reproductive development in `Beckyblue'.

scholarly journals The keystone species of Precambrian deep bedrock biosphere belong to <i>Burkholderiales</i> and <i>Clostridiales</i>

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 18103-18150 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Purkamo ◽  
M. Bomberg ◽  
R. Kietäväinen ◽  
H. Salavirta ◽  
M. Nyyssönen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Keystone Species ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Archaeal Community ◽  
Amino Sugar ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Fracture Zones ◽  
Crystalline Bedrock

Abstract. The bacterial and archaeal community composition and the possible carbon assimilation processes and energy sources of microbial communities in oligotrophic, deep, crystalline bedrock fractures is yet to be resolved. In this study, intrinsic microbial communities from six fracture zones from 180–2300 m depths in Outokumpu bedrock were characterized using high-throughput amplicon sequencing and metagenomic prediction. Comamonadaceae-, Anaerobrancaceae- and Pseudomonadaceae-related OTUs form the core community in deep crystalline bedrock fractures in Outokumpu. Archaeal communities were mainly composed of Methanobacteraceae-affiliating OTUs. The predicted bacterial metagenomes showed that pathways involved in fatty acid and amino sugar metabolism were common. In addition, relative abundance of genes coding the enzymes of autotrophic carbon fixation pathways in predicted metagenomes was low. This indicates that heterotrophic carbon assimilation is more important for microbial communities of the fracture zones. Network analysis based on co-occurrence of OTUs revealed the keystone genera of the microbial communities belonging to Burkholderiales and Clostridiales. Bacterial communities in fractures resemble those found from oligotrophic, hydrogen-enriched environments. Serpentinization reactions of ophiolitic rocks in Outokumpu assemblage may provide a source of energy and organic carbon compounds for the microbial communities in the fractures. Sulfate reducers and methanogens form a minority of the total microbial communities, but OTUs forming these minor groups are similar to those found from other deep Precambrian terrestrial bedrock environments.

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