Nitric oxide-dependent regulation of sweet pepper fruit ripening

Abstract Ripening is a complex physiological process that involves changes in reactive nitrogen and oxygen species that govern the shelf-life and quality of fruits. Nitric oxide (NO)-dependent changes in the sweet pepper fruit transcriptome were determined by treating fruits at the initial breaking point stage with NO gas. Fruits were also harvested at the immature (green) and ripe (red) stages. Fruit ripening in the absence of NO resulted in changes in the abundance of 8805 transcripts whose function could be identified. Among these, functional clusters associated with reactive oxygen/nitrogen species and lipid metabolism were significantly modified. NO treatment resulted in the differential expression of 498 genes framed within these functional categories. Biochemical analysis revealed that NO treatment resulted in changes in fatty acid profiling, glutathione and proline contents, and the extent of lipid peroxidation, as well as increases in the activity of ascorbate peroxidase and lipoxygenase. These data provide supporting evidence for the crucial role of NO in the ripening of pepper fruit.

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Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Fruits Contain an Atypical Peroxisomal Catalase That Is Modulated by Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox8090374 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 374 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Marta Rodríguez-Ruiz ◽

Salvador González-Gordo ◽

Amanda Cañas ◽

María Jesús Campos ◽

Alberto Paradela ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Capsicum Annuum ◽

Fruit Ripening ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Bovine Liver ◽

Sweet Pepper ◽

Cysteine Residue ◽

Nitrogen Species ◽

Capsicum Annuum L ◽

Native Molecular Mass ◽

Pepper Fruit

During the ripening of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) fruits, in a genetically controlled scenario, enormous metabolic changes occur that affect the physiology of most cell compartments. Peroxisomal catalase gene expression decreases after pepper fruit ripening, while the enzyme is also susceptible to undergo post-translational modifications (nitration, S-nitrosation, and oxidation) promoted by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). Unlike most plant catalases, the pepper fruit enzyme acts as a homodimer, with an atypical native molecular mass of 125 to 135 kDa and an isoelectric point of 7.4, which is higher than that of most plant catalases. These data suggest that ROS/RNS could be essential to modulate the role of catalase in maintaining basic cellular peroxisomal functions during pepper fruit ripening when nitro-oxidative stress occurs. Using catalase from bovine liver as a model and biotin-switch labeling, in-gel trypsin digestion, and nanoliquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, it was found that Cys377 from the bovine enzyme could potentially undergo S-nitrosation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a cysteine residue from catalase that can be post-translationally modified by S-nitrosation, which makes it especially important to find the target points where the enzyme can be modulated under either physiological or adverse conditions.

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Role of nitric oxide in fruit ripening

10.1016/b978-0-12-818797-5.00029-7 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 707-752

Author(s):

Somali Dhal ◽

Harshata Pal

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Fruit Ripening

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Quality Appraisal of Guidelines on Cancer-Associated Thrombosis Using AGREE II Instrument and Analysis of Current Status of New Oral Anticoagulants

Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis ◽

10.1177/1076029619846562 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

pp. 107602961984656 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jiuxing Zhang ◽

Juan Xu ◽

Wenlong Zhang ◽

Meiting Jiang ◽

Juan Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Practice ◽

Oral Anticoagulants ◽

New Oral Anticoagulants ◽

Current Status ◽

Supporting Evidence ◽

Agree Ii ◽

Prevention And Treatment ◽

Cancer Associated Thrombosis

Cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) studies have increased in recent years and the quality of guidelines to guide the clinical practice of CAT prevention and treatment becomes crucial. The therapy status of new oral anticoagulants (NOACs) has been established in some thrombotic diseases, but the evidence for CAT remains unconvincing. The aim of this research is to evaluate the quality of CAT guidelines and discuss the role of NOAC in CAT. A search of articles was performed using PubMed/Medline, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, and other authoritative websites. Search terms included guideline or guidance, consensuses, cancer, and thrombosis. Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation II (AGREE II) tool was used to evaluate the qualities of the guidelines. A total of 19 guidelines were screened out and evaluated, of which 8 were recommended, 5 were recommended after revision, and 6 were not recommended. For prevention and treatment of CAT, low-molecular-weight heparin is the most recommended, followed by vitamin K antagonist, unfractionated heparin, fondaparinux, and aspirin. New oral anticoagulant is optional in some cases of CAT treatment. Based on AGREE II assessment tool, the quality of CAT guidelines is inconsistent. Attention should be drawn to the quality of CAT guidelines during clinical practice. The role of NOAC in the treatment of CAT is gradually established but requires more supporting evidence from future clinical trials.

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DNA methylation is involved in the regulation of pepper fruit ripening and interacts with phytohormones

Journal of Experimental Botany ◽

10.1093/jxb/eraa003 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 71 (6) ◽

pp. 1928-1942 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Kai Xiao ◽

Jie Chen ◽

Qixiumei He ◽

Yixin Wang ◽

Huolin Shen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Methylation ◽

Fruit Ripening ◽

Sweet Pepper ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Upstream Region ◽

Transcriptional Level ◽

Gibberellin Biosynthesis ◽

Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽

Dna Hypomethylation ◽

Pepper Fruit

Abstract There is growing evidence to suggest that epigenetic tags, especially DNA methylation, are critical regulators of fruit ripening. To examine whether this is the case in sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) we conducted experiments at the transcriptional, epigenetic, and physiological levels. McrBC PCR, bisulfite sequencing, and real-time PCR demonstrated that DNA hypomethylation occurred in the upstream region of the transcription start site of some genes related to pepper ripening at the turning stage, which may be attributed to up-regulation of CaDML2-like and down-regulation of CaMET1-like1, CaMET1-like2, CaCMT2-like, and CaCMT4-like. Silencing of CaMET1-like1 by virus-induced gene silencing led to DNA hypomethylation, increased content of soluble solids, and accumulation of carotenoids in the fruit, which was accompanied by changes in expression of genes involved in capsanthin/capsorubin biosynthesis, cell wall degradation, and phytohormone metabolism and signaling. Endogenous ABA increased during fruit ripening, whereas endogenous IAA showed an opposite trend. No ethylene signal was detected during ripening. DNA hypomethylation repressed the expression of auxin and gibberellin biosynthesis genes as well as cytokinin degradation genes, but induced the expression of ABA biosynthesis genes. In mature-green pericarp, exogenous ABA induced expression of CaDML2-like but repressed that of CaCMT4-like. IAA treatment promoted the transcription of CaMET1-like1 and CaCMT3-like. Ethephon significantly up-regulated the expression of CaDML2-like. Treatment with GA3 and 6-BA showed indistinct effects on DNA methylation at the transcriptional level. On the basis of the results, a model is proposed that suggests a high likelihood of a role for DNA methylation in the regulation of ripening in the non-climacteric pepper fruit.

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Effects of Cultural Variety and Storage Temperatures on the Changes in Quality of Fresh-cut Sweet Pepper Fruit

food preservation science ◽

10.5891/jafps.23.243 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 23 (5) ◽

pp. 243-251

Author(s):

Kazuhiro ABE ◽

Koichi YOSHIMURA ◽

Yanfei ZHOU ◽

Hiroshi KUROOKA

Keyword(s):

Sweet Pepper ◽

Pepper Fruit ◽

Fresh Cut ◽

And Storage ◽

Storage Temperatures

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Nitric oxide in the physiology and quality of fleshy fruits

Journal of Experimental Botany ◽

10.1093/jxb/erz350 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 (17) ◽

pp. 4405-4417 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

José M Palma ◽

Luciano Freschi ◽

Marta Rodríguez-Ruiz ◽

Salvador González-Gordo ◽

Francisco J Corpas

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Fruit Ripening ◽

Selective Advantage ◽

Post Translational Modifications ◽

Fleshy Fruits ◽

Immature Fruit ◽

Regulatory Processes ◽

The Impact ◽

Integrative Omics

Abstract Fruits are unique to flowering plants and confer a selective advantage as they facilitate seed maturation and dispersal. In fleshy fruits, development and ripening are associated with numerous structural, biochemical, and physiological changes, including modifications in the general appearance, texture, flavor, and aroma, which ultimately convert the immature fruit into a considerably more attractive and palatable structure for seed dispersal by animals. Treatment with exogenous nitric oxide (NO) delays fruit ripening, prevents chilling damage, promotes disease resistance, and enhances the nutritional value. The ripening process is influenced by NO, which operates antagonistically to ethylene, but it also interacts with other regulatory molecules such as abscisic acid, auxin, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, melatonin, and hydrogen sulfide. NO content progressively declines during fruit ripening, with concomitant increases in protein nitration and nitrosation, two post-translational modifications that are promoted by reactive nitrogen species. Dissecting the intimate interactions of NO with other ripening-associated factors, including reactive oxygen species, antioxidants, and the aforementioned phytohormones, remains a challenging subject of research. In this context, integrative ‘omics’ and gene-editing approaches may provide additional knowledge of the impact of NO in the regulatory processes involved in controlling physiology and quality traits in both climacteric and non-climacteric fruits.

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Evaluation of endothelial dysfunction and the possibility of its correction at the present stage in patients with cardiovascular diseases

Kardiologiia ◽

10.18087/cardio.2524 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 59 (3S) ◽

pp. 4-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. O. Samolyuk ◽

N. Yu. Grigorieva

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Nitric Oxide ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Endothelial Dysfunction ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Present Stage ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Complications And Mortality

The review describes the current understanding of endothelial dysfunction, methods of its evaluation, and highlights the advantages and disadvantages of various techniques. The role of nitric oxide and endothelin as important markers of endothelial dysfunction is shown, and the methods of their determination in clinical practice are described. The authors conclude that in order to improve the life expectancy and quality of life of patients with cardiovascular diseases, reduce the risk and frequency of complications and mortality rates, it is necessary to study the function of endothelium in more detail and to look for ways of drug correction, taking into account the pathogenetic mechanisms of its formation.

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Role of nitric oxide on quality of freshly ejaculated bull spermatozoa during heparin-induced in vitro capacitation

Animal Reproduction Science ◽

10.1016/j.anireprosci.2008.12.020 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 116 (1-2) ◽

pp. 38-49 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

A.C.M.S. Leal ◽

M.C. Caldas-Bussiere ◽

C.S. Paes de Carvalho ◽

K.S. Viana ◽

C.R. Quirino

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide

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Is Autophagy Involved in Pepper Fruit Ripening?

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells9010106 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 106

Author(s):

Omar López-Vidal ◽

Adela Olmedilla ◽

Luisa María Sandalio ◽

Francisca Sevilla ◽

Ana Jiménez

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Electron Microscopy ◽

Protein Content ◽

Fruit Ripening ◽

Degradation Process ◽

Pepper Fruit ◽

Maturation Stages ◽

Optimal Quality ◽

Cellular Organelles

Autophagy is a universal self-degradation process involved in the removal and recycling of cellular constituents and organelles; however, little is known about its possible role in fruit ripening, in which the oxidation of lipids and proteins and changes in the metabolism of different cellular organelles occur. In this work, we analyzed several markers of autophagy in two critical maturation stages of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) fruits where variations due to ripening become clearly visible. Using two commercial varieties that ripen to yellow and red fruits respectively, we studied changes in the gene expression and protein content of several autophagy (ATG) components, ATG4 activity, as well as the autophagy receptor NBR1 and the proteases LON1 and LON2. Additionally, the presence of intravacuolar vesicles was analyzed by electron microscopy. Altogether, our data reveal that autophagy plays a role in the metabolic changes which occur during ripening in the two studied varieties, suggesting that this process may be critical to acquiring final optimal quality of pepper fruits.

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The role of nitric oxide in improving endothelial function andcardiovascular health: focus on nebivolol

CARDIOVASCULAR THERAPY AND PREVENTION ◽

10.15829/1728-8800-2011-2-116-121 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 116-121

Author(s):

G. L. Bakris ◽

J. N. Basile ◽

T. D. Giles ◽

A. A. Taylor

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Nitric Oxide ◽

Antihypertensive Agents ◽

Clinical Implications ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

Β Blocker ◽

Β Blockers

Although β-blockers have been endorsed by guidelines committees for the treatment of patients with hypertension, particularly those with significant CVD and high CVD risk, there are concerns about conventional β-blockers related to poorer clinical outcomes compared with other classes of antihypertensive agents, as well as deleterious effects on quality of life and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. β-blockers comprise a heterogeneous group of antihypertensive agents, including nonselective agents, cardioselective, nonvasodilating agents, and vasodilating agents that either combine β-nonselectivity with β-blockade or possess cardioselectivity without β-blockade. The pharmacologic, mechanistic, and hemodynamic differences between conventional, nonvasodilating β-blockers and vasodilating β-blockers are discussed in this review, with a focus on the cardioselective vasodilating β-blocker nebivolol. These differences may have important clinical implications, particularly in the treatment of complicated hypertension, such as that associated with patients with diabetes or cardiometabolic syndrome, elderly patients, and African American patients, suggesting that mechanism of action may be an important consideration when choosing a β-blocker.

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