Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders

2017 ◽  
pp. 175-178
Author(s):  
Myrna M. Weissman ◽  
John C. Markowitz ◽  
Gerald L. Klerman
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Relapse Prevention ◽  
Addictive Disorders ◽  
Better Than

This chapter includes an overview of the use of IPT for patients with substance abuse (e.g., alcohol, opiates, cocaine, and nicotine) and addictive disorders. The available data do not allow us to recommend IPT as a treatment for patients with a substance use disorder. There have been several negative IPT trials in this population, and in this setting IPT has been found to be no better than a control condition. However, some small studies in process are more optimistic for its use in narrowly defined samples. Based on the published literature, approaches other than IPT that focus on sobriety or relapse prevention may be preferable for patients with substance use disorders. IPT has never been intended as a treatment for all patients with all conditions, and substance abuse may be an area where its application has limited utility.

Emotion Regulation and Substance Use Disorders in Adolescents

2017 ◽  
pp. 210-234
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Wills ◽  
Jeffrey S. Simons ◽  
Olivia Manayan ◽  
M. Koa Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
School Based ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Substance Consumption

Chapter 11 evaluates how emotion dysregulation enhances vulnerability to substance use disorders in adolescents. In late adolescence (15–18 years of age), recurrent substance users are prone to develop substance use disorder in adulthood. Substance use disorder may be broadly characterized as the inability to regulate substance consumption, deleteriously impacting social functioning, whilst accumulating a myriad of negative consequences and recurring risk to the self. Research suggests emotion dysregulation may be a predisposing factor that presents prior to onset of disorder. Moreover, dysregulation in cognitive, emotional and behavioral domains may be interconnected processes; substance abuse presenting as a product of overall dysregulation. Although theoretical efforts have outlined conceptual models delineating the relationship between emotion regulation and substance abuse, limited evidence has been garnered in adolescent samples. From a treatment perspective, school-based interventions centered on fostering adaptive emotion regulation skills have demonstrated efficacy, and maintained positive findings at long-term follow-up.

scholarly journals Physician Impairment: Is Recovery Feasible?

2009 ◽  
Vol 3;12 (3;5) ◽  
pp. 487-491
Author(s):  
Paul J. Christo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Relapse Prevention ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Professional Judgment ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Physician Impairment

Background: Physician impairment is a serious public health issue affecting not only physicians, but also their families, colleagues, and patients. Physician impairment is used most often to refer to substance use disorders, which involve both substance abuse and substance dependence and/or addiction. Objective: This article aims to describe the problem of physician impairment within the context of substance use disorders. The concept of recovery and several strategies for effective recovery are explored. Discussion: Experts now define impairment as an enduring condition that if left untreated is not amenable to remission and cure. In terms of functional capacity, impairment renders the physician unable to provide competent medical services, with serious flaws in professional judgment. Herein, we define the scope of the problem, consider several theories to explain the reason physicians may be prone to develop substance use disorders, discuss diagnosis and reporting, as well as treatment and prognosis, and identify several relapse prevention strategies. Conclusion: Physician impairment is a real and significant public health concern; however, recovery is feasible and the data support favorable odds of recovery and a return to clinical practice among those seeking appropriate treatment, counseling, and relapse prevention strategies. Key words: Physician impairment, substance use disorder, prevention, relapse, recovery, dependence, substance abuse, Physician Health Programs (PHPs).

Substance Use Disorder Comorbidity Among Inpatient Youths With Psychiatric Disorder

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harith Swadi ◽  
Candace Bobier
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Inpatient Unit ◽  
Dsm Iv

Objective: Substance abuse/dependence has been reported to show significant association with psychopathology, and is likely to influence the course and outcome of psychiatric illness. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of substance use disorders (other than alcohol) comorbidity among inpatient adolescents with severe Axis 1 psychiatric disorder. Method: A retrospective analysis of systematically collected data was carried out. The subjects were 16–18-year-old youths, admitted to an inpatient unit for severe psychiatric disorder. The data collection process utilized the DSM-IV criteria for diagnostic categorization of psychiatric disorder and substance use disorder. Demographic data, and data on suicide attempts were also collected. Results: Over a period of one year (March 2001–March 2002), 62 patients were admitted to the Christchurch Youth Inpatient Unit; 40 (64.5%) had a comorbid Substance Abuse Disorder (SAD) according to DSM-IV criteria and none had a Substance Dependence Disorder. The vast majority involved cannabis and stimulants. Sixty per cent of those with mood disorder, 63% of those with anxiety disorder and 80% of those with schizophrenia spectrum disorder had a comorbid SAD. Internalizing problems, especially mood disorders, predominated among those with SAD reflecting the Unit's admission criteria. There were no differences in attempted suicide rates between those with SAD and those without SAD, but those with SAD were more likely to have unstable accommodation/living arrangements than those without SAD. Conclusions: Our findings confirm previous reports suggestive of high rates of SAD comorbidity among youth with severe psychiatric illness. There are clinical and process implications for these findings particularly identification of substance use disorders and their treatment as well as resource availability and staff training.

scholarly journals Substance Use Disorder: A Need to Address the Gender Difference

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reni Thomas ◽  
R. Dhanasekara Pandian
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Substance Dependence ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Intervention Programme

This paper aim to emphasize on the increase in the number of substance abuse among women along with a highlight on the need to understand gender differences in substance use disorders and necessitate having gender specific treatment which address the specific needs of women with substance use problems. With this aim, this article has put an effort to give more insight into gender differences in substance use disorders by elaborating on bio-psycho-social differences. This article also help the mental health professionals to acknowledge the need to have a specific intervention programme which address the issues, needs, strengths and challenges of women with substance use disorder. A brief review of literature pertaining to this specific area shows the necessity  to develop a need based psychosocial intervention exclusively addressing women specific bio-psycho-social issues of substance dependence is of critical in the context of increasing women’s alcohol and other substance dependence behaviors as a byproduct of ongoing social change that dispose women vulnerable to substance abuse and dependence.

scholarly journals Psychological Correlates of Substance Abuse among First-admission Patients with Substance Use Disorders

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Satyananda Panda
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Psychological Correlates ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
First Admission

The aim of the present study was to investigate psychological correlates of substance abuse among first-admission male and female patients diagnosed with substance use disorders. Data was collected from a sample of 60 (30 male and 30 female) first-admitted patients with substance use disorders (SUDs), with no previous history of specialized treatment (addiction clinics, psychiatry). Substance use disorders were diagnosed according to DSM-V. Patients were assessed with Beck Depression Inventory and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire- Revised (EPQ-R). The statistical analysis indicated that depression did not correlate with psychoticism (r = -.062). There existed a negative and significant correlation between depression and extraversion (r = -.68, p<.01). There also existed a negative and significant correlation between extraversion and neuroticism (r= -.601, p<.01). Neuroticism correlated with depression positively and significantly (r = .59, p<.01). There was no significant difference found between hospitalized male and female patients with substance abuse disorders on different psychological variables like depression, psychoticism, and neuroticism. However, a significant difference among them was found on extraversion (t=3.17, p<.01). Depression and personality traits still may have some role in the etiology of substance use disorder and may act either as predisposing, precipitating or perpetuating factors. So, depression and personality traits of a person should be considered during treatment, management, prevention and rehabilitation of the patients with substance use disorder.

scholarly journals Assessment of Sexual Functions among Male with Substance Use Disorders

2021 ◽  
pp. 64-74
Author(s):  
Ahmed Osama Tolba ◽  
Mohammad Abd El Hakim Selem ◽  
Maged Mostafa Ragab ◽  
Ahmed Abd El Rahman Mubarak ◽  
Adel Abd El Kerem Badawy
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Life Assessment ◽  
Psychiatric Evaluation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sexual Dysfunctions ◽  
Psychiatric Interview ◽  
Addictive Disorders

Background: Recent epidemiological and clinical studies confirmed the presence of a strong association between substance use disorders and sexual dysfunctions. Studies have demonstrated that prevalence of sexual dysfunctions among addict was about 30 %the most common problem among male substance abuse patients were Erectile Dysfunction (ED) and delayed ejaculation Methods: This cohort comparative study was conducted on of 376 males aged between 18 – 50 years who were substance abusers including tramadol, cannabis and poly substance related and addictive disorders. All participants were subjected to psychiatric interview which was done using SCID-5-CV structured clinical interview for DSM-5 disorders. Psychometric, biochemical, medical and drug history evaluations were also performed. Results: Our results show comparison between four groups (opiates-cannabis-poly substance abuse and control group according to severity of drug abuse, psychiatric evaluation and according to sexual functions. There were statistically significant differences between groups in sociodemographic data mainly in occupational and educational history. There also were statistically significant differences between groups in terms of drug use, psychiatric assessment, assessment of sexual activity, hormonal assessment of the studied population and quality of life assessment. Conclusions: Long term drug use has a statistically significant negative effect on all domains of male sexual functions. Also average daily dose and severity of addiction are significantly correlated to sexual dysfunctions in patients with tramadol abuse. This is done through an alteration in sex hormone and alters feedback regulations of the pituitary on the hypothalamus.

Addiction and Violence Among People with Severe Mental Illnesses: An Updated Literature Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S153-S153
Author(s):  
I. Khemiri ◽  
F. Fekih Romdhane ◽  
A. Belkhiria ◽  
J. Lamia ◽  
R. Trabelsi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Severe Mental Disorders ◽  
Co Morbidity

IntroductionViolence has important relevance for the criminal justice and health care systems especially forensic psychiatry. Previous studies reported the relation between violence, mental illness and substance abuse. We purpose to investigate the association between addiction and violence among people with severe mental illness through a review of literature.Methodwe conducted a Medline and Pubmed literature search of studies published between “2000 and 2015”, combining the terms “psychotic disorders”, “addiction” “substance use disorder”.ResultsThe studies published showed that much of the excessive violence observed in patients with severe psychiatric disorders is due to co-morbid substance use. Increasing violence associated with substance use disorders in these patients had same level than that observed among subjects without severe psychiatric disorders. Increasing violence in subjects with substance use disorder but without severe mental disorders was higher than in patients with only severe mental disorders. In fact, mental disorders could increase the risk of installing on substance use disorders, and therefore increase the risk of partner violence. Among the substances used, if alcohol is frequently identified as a consumer risk for the emergence of violence among subjects with severe psychiatric disorders, stimulants could be causing more violence than alcohol.ConclusionsSevere mental illnesses are associated with violence. However, most of the excess risk appears to be mediated by substance abuse co-morbidity. This finding improves the need of prevention of substance use disorders and emphasizes the fact that patients with severe mental disorders are more often victims than perpetrators of violence.

scholarly journals Quality of life and its related factors in women with substance use disorders referring to substance abuse treatment centers

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Barati ◽  
Khadijeh Bandehelahi ◽  
Tahereh Nopasandasil ◽  
Hanieh Jormand ◽  
Amir Keshavarzi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Abuse Treatment ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Substance Abuse Treatment Centers ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Abuse Treatment

Abstract Background Substance-Related Disorders are among the most common social problems caused by using legal and illegal substances. Therefore, this study aimed at determining the quality of life (QoL) and its related factors among women with substance use disorders referring to substance abuse treatment centers in Hamadan, west of Iran. Methods This cross-sectional study was carried out on 120 Iranian female substance users recruited through the census sampling method in 2018. Data collection tools consisted of demographic characteristics and QoL assessment (SF-36). Data were analyzed using SPSS-16 via one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and chi-square tests. Results The mean age of the participants was 33.2 ± 12.1 years and the mean score of their total QoL was 35.35 ± 13.5. The results of multiple linear regression analysis indicated that using methamphetamine (β =  − 6.62) was the predictor of QoL in women. Moreover, there was a significant association between QoL and age (p < 0.001), educational level (p = 0.011), and age at first use (p < 0.001). Conclusion According to the results, the participants’ QoL was found to be at an unsatisfactory level. So, it is essential to implement educational help-seeking behavior for treatment and effectiveness educational, as well as holding mental health intervention, school-based substance abuse prevention, and harm reduction programs of substance use. This is especially important in adolescents, young, low-educated, early drug use, and methamphetamine user women, as it may increase the QoL

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