Gender and Sexuality

2019 ◽  
pp. 165-184
Author(s):  
Andrew Cruz ◽  
Julianne Torrence ◽  
Christopher M. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Gender And Sexuality ◽  
Sexual History ◽  
Psychiatric Evaluation ◽  
And Behaviors

The psychiatric encounter provides an opportunity to discuss sexuality and sexual behaviors with patients. Often patients are reluctant to discuss sexual matters with clinicians, as shame can often be associated with sexual behaviors and fantasies. Clinicians, therefore, need to be aware of both common and uncommon fantasies and behaviors and be willing to initiate conversations with patients in a safe and respectful manner. Sexual behaviors can be associated with some psychiatric disorders and can sometimes be a psychiatric disorder unto themselves. Therefore, a sexual history and assessment is often a required portion of a complete psychiatric evaluation. However, there is tremendous variability in what is considered normal and abnormal, posing challenges for clinicians. This chapter sets out to provide a framework for approaching some of these challenging situations.

scholarly journals Effects after the lockdown on emergency room admissions for psychiatric evaluation: An observational study from the province of Forlì-Cesena, Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Beghi ◽  
Riccardo Brandolini ◽  
Laura Biondi ◽  
Claudia Corsini ◽  
Carlo Fraticelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Emergency Room ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnosis ◽  
Psychiatric Evaluation ◽  
Longitudinal Observational Study ◽  
Emilia Romagna Region ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference

The aim was to study the number of accesses to the Emergency Room (ER) requiring psychiatric evaluation in the four months following the lockdown period for the COVID-19 outbreak (May 4th, 2020-August 31th, 2020). The study is a retrospective longitudinal observational study of the ER admissions of the Hospitals of Cesena and Forlì (Emilia Romagna region) leading to psychiatric assessment. Sociodemographic variables, history for medical comorbidities or psychiatric disorders, reason for ER admission, psychiatric diagnosis at discharge and measures taken by the psychiatrist were collected. An increase of 9.4% of psychiatric assessments was observed. The difference was more pronounced in the first two months after lockdown, with a 21.7% increase of number of ER accesses, while after two months numbers were the same as those of the year before. Admission with anxiety symptoms and history of psychiatric disorder decreased significantly. Moreover, there is an age trend with an increasing age of admission.

scholarly journals Psychiatric comorbidities in dermatitis artefacta: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Ravi Philip Rajkumar
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Somatoform Disorders ◽  
Stressful Life Event ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Psychiatric Evaluation ◽  
Dermatitis Artefacta

Dermatitis artefacta, also known as factitious or factitial dermatitis, is a rare and difficult-to-treat condition characterized by self-inflicted skin lesions. Despite the well-documented psychological disturbances that characterize this condition, little is known about the relative frequency of specific psychiatric disorders in this patient group. The current systematic review was undertaken to address this gap in our knowledge and was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. The PubMed and Scopus databases were searched using the terms “dermatitis artefacta,” “factitious dermatitis,” and “factitial dermatitis” in combination with “psychiatry,” “psychiatric diagnosis,” “psychiatric disorder,” “mental illness,” “depression,” and “anxiety.” After screening a total of 215 citations, a total of 11 papers were included in the final review. All the included studies were of low to very low quality as per the GRADE guidelines, and there was substantial heterogeneity among them (I2 = 50.4). It was observed that 46.2% of patients (95% CI: 35.4–57.4%) with dermatitis artefacta had a comorbid psychiatric disorder, with the most common diagnoses being depression, somatoform disorders, anxiety disorders, substance use disorder, and intellectual disability. About 20.1% of patients refused a psychiatric evaluation, while 40.9% reported a significant stressful life event. These results suggest that a significant proportion of patients with dermatitis artefacta suffer from psychiatric disorders, which may be related to their self-infliction of lesions either biologically or psychologically. Treatment of these disorders may lead to a partial or complete improvement in their dermatological condition. A sensitive, non-confrontational approach is essential when evaluating these patients to minimize the chances of refusal and improve patient compliance.

Disability and psychiatric disorders in an urban community: measurement, prevalence and outcomes

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. BASSETT ◽  
G. A. CHASE ◽  
M. F. FOLSTEIN ◽  
D. A. REGIER
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Service Utilization ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Diagnostic Category ◽  
Psychiatric Evaluation ◽  
Chronic Medical Conditions ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
Sampling Weights ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Specific Disability

Background. The purpose of this analysis was to examine: (1) the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among disabled people, using seven different measures of disability; (2) variation in disability between and within psychiatric diagnostic categories; and (3) relationship of diagnosis and disability to health service utilization.Method. Data were drawn from Phase I and Phase II of the Eastern Baltimore Mental Health Survey, part of the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program (ECA) conducted in 1980–1 to survey mental morbidity within the adult population. A total of 810 individuals received both a household interview and a standardized clinical psychiatric evaluation. Estimated prevalence rates were computed using appropriate survey sampling weights.Results. Prevalence of disability ranged from 2·5 to 19·5%, varying with specific disability measure. Among those classified as disabled by any of the measures examined, 56 to 92% had a psychiatric disorder and serious chronic medical conditions were present in the majority of these cases (54 to 78%). Disability was expressed differently among the various diagnostic groups. Diagnostic category and disability were significant independent predictors of medical service utilization and receipt of disability payments.Conclusions. The majority of disabled adults living in the community have diagnosable psychiatric disorders, with the majority of these individuals suffering from significant chronic medical conditions as well, thus making co-morbidity the norm.

scholarly journals Attitudes of the general population to psychiatric and physical illness

1999 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 671-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Lawrie
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Response Bias ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Clinical Vignette ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Negative Attitudes

Aims and methodThe attitudes of members of the general population to people with psychiatric and physical illnesses were examined. We took a random sample of 280 members of the general population listed in the phone directory and sent them a brief clinical vignette about a neighbour with either schizophrenia, depression, diabetes or no illness.ResultsOnly 103 (41%) of the surveyed general population responded. Some unsolicited comments revealed negative attitudes from a small number of subjects. There were, however, no statistically significant differences in general attitudes to sufferers of psychiatric and physical illnesses suggestive of discrimination against the former. Indeed, respondents showed a general tendency to be more supportive of a neighbour with any illness than to those without. In a sub-analysis, however, those who knew someone with schizophrenia were significantly less likely to be sympathetic towards them.Clinical implicationsWe have not detected any general stigmatisation of those with psychiatric disorders, but our results may be attributable to response bias. Discrimination against those with psychiatric disorder may be limited to a relatively small sector of society or may only be manifest in relatively close relationships.

scholarly journals Psychiatric disorders in multiple sclerosis patients

2009 ◽  
Vol 67 (3a) ◽  
pp. 664-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirella Martins Fazzito ◽  
Sérgio Semeraro Jordy ◽  
Charles Peter Tilbery
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients ◽  
Variable Clinical Presentation

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease showing variable clinical presentation. Optic neuritis is the most common symptom, followed by motor and sensitive manifestations. It is known that this disease may be related to several psychiatric disorders, especially depression. In this study we will discribe 5 cases of MS patients harboring psychiatric disorder related or unchained by the disease itself.

Pharmacogenomics variants are associated with BMI differences between individuals with bipolar and other psychiatric disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 749-760
Author(s):  
Aggeliki Charalampidi ◽  
Zoe Kordou ◽  
Evangelia-Eirini Tsermpini ◽  
Panagiotis Bosganas ◽  
Wasun Chantratita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Potential Influence ◽  
Sequencing Studies ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Aim: Regardless of the plethora of next-generation sequencing studies in the field of pharmacogenomics (PGx), the potential effect of covariate variables on PGx response within deeply phenotyped cohorts remains unexplored. Materials & methods: We explored with advanced statistical methods the potential influence of BMI, as a covariate variable, on PGx response in a Greek cohort with psychiatric disorders. Results: Nine PGx variants within UGT1A6, SLC22A4, GSTP1, CYP4B1, CES1, SLC29A3 and DPYD were associated with altered BMI in different psychiatric disorder groups. Carriers of rs2070959 ( UGT1A6), rs199861210 ( SLC29A3) and rs2297595 ( DPYD) were also characterized by significant changes in the mean BMI, depending on the presence of psychiatric disorders. Conclusion: Specific PGx variants are significantly associated with BMI in a Greek cohort with psychiatric disorders.

Prevalence of psychiatric disorders among patients with Multiple Sclerosis: a cross-sectional study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Błachut ◽  
Anna Rebeka Szczegielniak ◽  
Krzysztof Świerzy ◽  
Magdalena Zając- Tarska ◽  
Katarzyna Kubicka-Bączyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Psychiatric Evaluation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview ◽  
Sociodemographic Data ◽  
Number Of Patients

Abstract Background: Multiple Sclerosis is one of the leading autoimmune disorders causing disability among young adults. Various types of mood, affect, and behaviour disorders along with cognitive impairment can be manifested in a course of MS, with affective and anxiety disorders being the most prevalent. Mental health challenges, in addition to the neurological burden of MS, significantly affect quality of life and the course of the underlying disease. Objective: The aim of this work was to determine the prevalence of mental disorders in a sample of MS patients during outpatient treatment in Zabrze, Poland, with a focus on those with mood and anxiety disorders, and to compare the results obtained in these groups with clinical and sociodemographic data. Method: The study was conducted between 2017 and 2018 on 103 MS patients of the Neurological Outpatient Clinic of the Medical University of Silesia Hospital No.1 in Zabrze, Poland. During the study, sociodemographic data were collected, as well as the type and course of the underlying disease, comorbidities, and medicines used. The MINI-international neuropsychiatric interview and a psychiatric examination were utilized to assess the occurrence of mental disorders. Result: 68% of all patients received a psychiatric diagnosis at some point in their life with only 4% having been hospitalized before; 49.5% met the diagnostic criteria for various psychiatric disorders. Measured by the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview, 33% of patients reported a past episode of major depression while 8.7% met the criteria for a current episode. The same number of patients admitted ongoing treatment due to recurrent depressive disorder. In regards to anxiety disorders, the most common was generalized anxiety disorder (10.7%), followed by agoraphobia (8.7%), panic disorder (7.8%), and social phobia (4.9%). Most of the patients (94.2%) at the time of the psychiatric evaluation presented a low level of suicide risk, while 1.9% of the patients presented a medium risk, and 3.9% - a high risk. Conclusion(s): The study confirmed a significantly higher prevalence of mental disorders among MS patients; thus, the psychiatric state of patients in this group should be investigated systematically, simultaneously with the assessment of their neurological state. Trial registration: N/A Key words: Multiple Sclerosis, psychiatric disorders, comorbidity, psychiatric care, clinical characteristics.

Culture-related specific psychiatric syndromes

2012 ◽  
pp. 979-986
Author(s):  
Wen-Shing Tseng
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Adjustment Disorders ◽  
Formation Reaction ◽  
Conversion Disorders ◽  
Stress Formation ◽  
Minor Psychiatric Disorders

In certain ways, all psychiatric disorders are more or less influenced by cultural factors, in addition to biological and psychological factors, for their occurrence and manifestation. ‘Major’ psychiatric disorders (such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorders) are more determined by biological factors and relatively less by psychological and cultural factors, but ‘minor’ psychiatric disorders (such as anxiety disorders, conversion disorders, or adjustment disorders) are more subject to psychological causes as well as cultural factors. In addition to this, there are groups of psychiatric disorders that are heavily related to and influenced by cultural factors, and therefore addressed as culture-related specific psychiatric syndromes. Even though the encounter of culture-related specific psychiatric disorder in our daily psychiatric practice is relatively rare, the purpose of examining such specific syndromes has its significant purpose and implications. Through such unique examples, it helps us to appreciate the cultural attribution to the stress formation, reaction pattern, symptom manifestation, occurrence of frequency of disorders, and reaction to the disorders. It also concerns how to work on therapy for the disorder by complying patient’s cultural background.

Psychiatric Consultation in a Spinal Injuries Unit

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona K. Judd ◽  
Douglas J. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Inpatient Care ◽  
Spinal Injuries ◽  
Psychiatric Consultation ◽  
Cord Injury

The function of a consultation liaison service to a spinal injuries unit is described. Within this context, a study was conducted in which sociodemographic and clinical data were collected over a 4 year period for consecutive admissions to the unit. Data are presented for 227 patients admitted during this period. Forty-seven patients were found to have discrete psychiatric disorders (DSM III) which required treatment during the course of their inpatient care. For forty-two of these patients the psychiatric disorder first developed following spinal cord injury.

The Prediction of the Course of Minor Psychiatric Disorders

1979 ◽  
Vol 135 (6) ◽  
pp. 535-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Huxley ◽  
D. P. Goldberg ◽  
G. P. Maguire ◽  
V. A. Kincey
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Correlation Factor ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Clinical Factors ◽  
One Year ◽  
Minor Psychiatric Disorders

SummaryRecent studies have suggested that psychosocial factors play an important part in the prediction of the course of minor psychiatric disorders. Fifty-nine new psychiatric out-patients suffering from minor disorders were assessed, using standardized clinical and social interviews, and 52 were followed up after one year and the clinical assessment repeated. Social and clinical factors were equally important predictors of the number of months ill in the survey year, but social and constitutional variables were superior in the prediction of percentage change in symptoms over the year.The results of correlation, factor and multiple regression analyses suggest that the course of minor psychiatric disorder is best predicted by three sets of variables which are, in order of importance, the patient's material social circumstances, his clinical symptoms and his ‘genetic risk’ scores.

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