Decreased food intake after a choking incident

2021 ◽  
pp. 175-180
Author(s):  
Kathryn S. Czepiel
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Abnormal Eating ◽  
Patient At Risk

Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is an eating disorder characterized by problematic eating habits that place the patient at risk for nutritional deficiencies, weight loss, dependence on enteral feeding or nutritional supplements, or marked interference with psychosocial functioning. Unlike most other eating disorders, the abnormal eating behaviors seen in ARFID are not motivated by a disturbance in body image or the desire to be thinner. Compared to other eating disorders, ARFID is more likely to present in younger males with a median age of onset of 11 to 12 years. Symptoms of ARFID may develop after a traumatic food event such as choking. The assessment of ARFID should include a history including eating habits and a medical workup that evaluates for coexisting medical conditions. Successful treatment plans employ a multidisciplinary approach that includes weight stabilization and exposure-based cognitive behavioral therapy.

Childhood Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder: Review of Treatments and a Novel Parent-Based Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-224
Author(s):  
Yaara Shimshoni ◽  
Eli R. Lebowitz
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Child Centered ◽  
Family Based

Avoidant/Restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is characterized by dietary restrictions that are not based on weight or shape concerns but that result in marked interference in feeding, growth, or psychosocial functioning (American Psychiatric Association, 2013; Eddy et al., 2019). The aim of the current article was to review available reports of treatment for childhood ARFID published since its inclusion in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), and to introduce a novel parent-based treatment for child ARFID through a case presentation. Empirical support for psychosocial treatments for child ARFID currently stems from two small-scale pilot randomized control trials, one pilot open trial, case reports, case series, and retrospective chart reviews. Treatment approaches for outpatient care generally apply family-based therapy, child-centered cognitive behavioral therapy, or parent-based behavioral approaches. SPACE-ARFID is a novel outpatient parent-based treatment that focuses on parental responses to child problematic eating habits. SPACE-ARFID aims to promote flexibility and adjustment in food related situations. The treatment helps parents to systematically reduce family accommodation, or changes that they make to their own behavior to help their child avoid or alleviate distress related to the disorder, while increasing supportive responses to the child's symptoms.

Weight Concern, Body Image, and Abnormal Eating in College Women Tennis Players and Their Coaches

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary B. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Body Image ◽  
College Women ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Weight Concern ◽  
Weight Concerns ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Abnormal Eating

In order to study weight concerns and eating disorders in women tennis players, 107 women tennis players and 26 women’s tennis coaches from colleges across the U.S. responded to questionnaires relating to weight concern, body image, and abnormal eating. When evaluating drawings of female figures, players and coaches both considered the ideal body shape to be smaller than the healthiest one. Most players had normal weight, eating habits, and self-esteem; however, they also exhibited noticeable concern about their weight and appearance. Coaches revealed only moderate knowledge of weight related issues, believed such knowledge to be important, recognized that most of their players were of normal weight, and revealed somewhat negative feelings about overweight people. Players and coaches shared a healthy attitude toward tennis. The results of this study do not imply that college women tennis players are at greater risk of eating disorders than other young women, nor that college coaches are encouraging abnormal eating behaviors.

Leptin Functioning in Eating Disorders

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 523-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palmiero Monteleone ◽  
Antonio DiLieto ◽  
Eloisa Castaldo ◽  
Mario Maj
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Abnormal Eating ◽  
The Brain

AbstractLeptin is an adipocyte-derived hormone, which is involved predominantly in the long-term regulation of body weight and energy balance by acting as a hunger suppressant signal to the brain. Leptin is also involved in the modulation of reproduction, immune function, physical activity, and some endogenous endocrine axes. Since anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) are characterized by abnormal eating behaviors, dysregulation of endogenous endocrine axes, alterations of reproductive and immune functions, and increased physical activity, extensive research has been carried out in the last decade in order to ascertain a role of this hormone in the pathophysiology of these syndromes. In this article, we review the available data on leptin physiology in patients with eating disorders. These data support the idea that leptin is not directly involved in the etiology of AN or BN. However, malnutrition-induced alterations in its physiology may contribute to the genesis and/or the maintenance of some clinical manifestations of AN and BN and may have an impact on the prognosis of AN.

scholarly journals Orthorexic Tendency and Eating Disorders Symptoms in Polish Students: Examining Differences in Eating Behaviors

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Plichta ◽  
Marzena Jezewska-Zychowicz
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
High Sugar ◽  
Special Diet ◽  
The Difference

Orthorexia nervosa (ON) may precede, ensue, or coexist with eating disorders (ED) and also affect eating behaviors. The aim of this study was to explore the dietary patterns (DPs) and other eating habits of people showing ON tendency, ED symptoms, and both ON tendency and ED symptoms, as well as those not showing either. The data for the study were collected from a sample of 1120 Polish college students through a cross-sectional survey in 2017. The questionnaire used in the survey included the ORTO-15, the Eating Disorder Screen for Primary Care (ESP), and the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ-6), and the students were also asked questions about their eating habits and special diets. A factor analysis was conducted to identify the following five DPs: “high-sugar products and refined products,” “meat and meat products,” “alcohol,” “high-fiber products and nuts,” and “dairy products and whole-meal bread.” Univariate logistic regression analyses were carried out to verify the associations between the variables. Students in the “ON and without ED” group were found to exhibit more healthy eating habits than the students in the “ED and without ON” group. The use of a special diet in the past and currently increased the risk of displaying ON tendency and ED symptoms. Students in the “ON and without ED” and “ON and ED” groups were characterized by less frequent consumption of high-sugar and refined products. Students who rarely consumed meat and related products were found to be less likely to display “ON and ED.” In conclusion, different eating habits shown by people with ON tendency and ED symptoms confirmed the difference between ON and ED. However, the simultaneous displaying of ON and ED leads to the overlapping of specificity of eating habits, which can make the diagnosis based only on the eating habits difficult. Thus, there is still a need for further research involving the use of more sensitive tools that can better identify ON tendency and ED symptoms, as well as DPs.

The cognitive problems influence on food disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 355-364
Author(s):  
Mariana Floricica Calin ◽  
Marinela Carmen Grigore
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Feeding Disorders ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Abnormal Eating ◽  
The Media ◽  
Cognitive Problems ◽  
The Relationship

Nutritional disorders describe restrictive and/or abusive behaviours that affect both women and men alike. The relationship with food can change in the sense of food preferences, sometimes eating healthier, and sometimes not, or eating more or losing appetite. An eating disorder is a mental disorder defined by abnormal eating habits that adversely affect a person’s physical or mental health. The cause of eating disorders is not clear. We aim to identify whether there is a correlation between personality traits and feeding disorders in young adults aged 20–25 years. To verify the work hypothesis, we applied the MCMI Personality Tracking and EDI 3 Test for Food Disorder on a 150-person group of participants aged 20–25 years. The media plays a major role in the way people see themselves. And, socio-economic status is a factor that influences eating disorders. Keywords: Cognitive problems, food disorders, personality disorders.

EMDR therapy on trauma-based restrictive eating cases

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S560-S561
Author(s):  
A.B. Yasar ◽  
F.D. Usta ◽  
A.E. Abamor ◽  
S. Erdogan Taycan ◽  
B. Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Restrictive Eating ◽  
Healthy Eating Habits ◽  
Abnormal Eating ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Emdr Therapy

IntroductionEating Disorders (ED) affect an individual's physical and mental health with abnormal eating habits. Traumatic life events may underlie the development of ED as many studies document [1]. In the present study, we examined the effectiveness of EMDR therapy that was originally used to treat Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) [2], on restrictive eating symptoms associated with trauma. Cases B.Ö. (18) and B.S. (20) came to the clinic consecutively for resembling complaints about the sense of food sticking in their throat, breathing difficulties, raised heart beatings, unease to swallow, and choking fear. The patients revealed past traumatic events about being out of breath while swallowing their bites. Then, they have started to restrict their food intake and the types of food consumed, which led to emaciation with health problems, interrupted daily routines, and social isolation; meeting the diagnosis of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) in DSM-5. Due to traumatic experiences, EMDR therapy was applied.DiscussionAfter five EMDR therapy sessions, patients turned back to healthy eating habits, normal BMI, and effective daily life. As expected, EMDR therapy made significant improvements in the treatment of ARFID.ConclusionEMDR can be useful to treat ED with traumatic background.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Eating disorders and autism spectrum: links and risks

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Barbara Carpita ◽  
Dario Muti ◽  
Ivan Mirko Cremone ◽  
Andrea Fagiolini ◽  
Liliana Dell’Osso
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Feeding And Eating Disorders ◽  
Abnormal Eating ◽  
Multifactorial Approach

Abstract In the last decades, increasing attention has been provided to socio-cultural and neurobiological factors involved in the psychopathology of feeding and eating disorders (FED), encouraging a multifactorial approach. In this framework, several authors stressed an association between FED and other kinds of psychiatric disorders from both a psychopathological and a neurobiological point of view. In particular, many promising contributions are focusing on the possible link between FED and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Growing interest about this association rose from the frequently reported evidence of ASD-like traits amongst FED patients and abnormal eating behaviors amongst patients with ASD. This narrative review overview aims to summarize the most relevant findings about the overlap between different kinds of FED and the autism spectrum, taking into account the most recent hypotheses about the psychopathology of both these conditions. While most of the studies focused on anorexia nervosa, both ASD and autistic traits seem to be detectable also in other kinds of FED. In addition, the recently increased interest toward a dimensional approach to psychopathology led to progressively broadening the concept of ASD, focusing on its subthreshold and gender-specific manifestations and on its link with other psychiatric conditions, including FED. Globally the studies summarized here provide further support to theoretical models featuring a neurodevelopmental approach for mental disorders. In particular, FED have been conceptualized as a possible psychopathological trajectory of a neurodevelopmental alteration, toward which female gender would act as one of many predisposing factors.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic Factors and Eating Behaviors Among Nurses in A Teaching Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norfidah Mohamad ◽  
Zamzaliza Abdul Mulud ◽  
Ira Nadhira Ruzli ◽  
Nur Ain Farhah Mohd Zainun Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthy Eating Habits ◽  
Abnormal Eating ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Nurses are known as shift workers. Shift work can disrupt regular meal habits resulting in abnormal eating behaviour. Hence, this study aims to determine the relationship between socio-demographic factors and eating behaviour. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 135 nurses using a self-administered questionnaire. This study found that the shift duties factor was significantly associated with emotional and external eating behaviour. This might be caused by how nurses cope with the burden of shift works. Health promotion strategies from both individuals and organisations should be intensified for these nurses to enhance healthy eating habits and promote healthy lifestyles.        Keywords: eating behaviour; shift duty; nurses eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i18.3071

Eating disorders

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Mark Beattie ◽  
Anil Dhawan ◽  
John W.L. Puntis
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Monozygotic Twins ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Complex Disorder ◽  
The Feminine

Anorexia nervosa 110Bulimia nervosa 112Eating disorders are defined as persistent disturbance of eating (± behaviour) that impairs physical health or psychosocial functioning or both and that is not secondary to any other medical or psychiatric disorder.Anorexia nervosa is a complex disorder described in a number of different ways and recognized for >100 years. It involves voluntary self-starvation, with weight loss, or avoidance of weight gain during adolescence. Peak age of onset is in mid-teens, with a female to male ratio of 10:1, and a prevalence of around 1%. Genetic factors are important, with 55% of monozygotic twins being concordant for anorexia. Sociocultural factors are highly relevant, with the illness occurring predominantly in Western societies where thinness has become increasingly valued as an element of the feminine ideal. Reported mortality rates vary from 0 to 22%....

scholarly journals The Role of “Mixed” Orexigenic and Anorexigenic Signals and Autoantibodies Reacting with Appetite-Regulating Neuropeptides and Peptides of the Adipose Tissue-Gut-Brain Axis: Relevance to Food Intake and Nutritional Status in Patients with Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kvido Smitka ◽  
Hana Papezova ◽  
Karel Vondra ◽  
Martin Hill ◽  
Vojtech Hainer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Abnormal Eating ◽  
Normal Body Weight ◽  
Circulating Autoantibodies ◽  
The Individual

Eating disorders such as anorexia (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) are characterized by abnormal eating behavior. The essential aspect of AN is that the individual refuses to maintain a minimal normal body weight. The main features of BN are binge eating and inappropriate compensatory methods to prevent weight gain. The gut-brain-adipose tissue (AT) peptides and neutralizing autoantibodies play an important role in the regulation of eating behavior and growth hormone release. The mechanisms for controlling food intake involve an interplay between gut, brain, and AT. Parasympathetic, sympathetic, and serotoninergic systems are required for communication between brain satiety centre, gut, and AT. These neuronal circuits include neuropeptides ghrelin, neuropeptide Y (NPY), peptide YY (PYY), cholecystokinin (CCK), leptin, putative anorexigen obestatin, monoamines dopamine, norepinephrine (NE), serotonin, and neutralizing autoantibodies. This extensive and detailed report reviews data that demonstrate that hunger-satiety signals play an important role in the pathogenesis of eating disorders. Neuroendocrine dysregulations of the AT-gut-brain axis peptides and neutralizing autoantibodies may result in AN and BN. The circulating autoantibodies can be purified and used as pharmacological tools in AN and BN. Further research is required to investigate the orexigenic/anorexigenic synthetic analogs and monoclonal antibodies for potential treatment of eating disorders in clinical practice.

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