Sleep disorders

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Reading
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sleep Medicine ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Drive State

Despite major advances in our understanding of its neurobiology, sleep remains an enigma. Its true function and even the amount needed for optimum brain performance remain uncertain (Frank 2006). However, the need to sleep is imperative, reflecting the fact that sleepiness, like hunger and thirst, is a true drive state. Sleepiness can only be satiated by sleep itself. Moreover, severely disordered sleep can profoundly affect cognition, mental health, and physical well-being.Although sleep medicine has a traditionally low profile in neurology teaching and practice, sleep-related phenomena are frequently associated with numerous neurological disorders. Conversely, sleep problems can adversely affect familiar conditions such as headache and epilepsy. Furthermore, in large surveys, sleep-related symptoms are undoubtedly common with 25 per cent of the population reporting problems that significantly and regularly impact on daily activities.

Sleep disorders

2020 ◽  
pp. 5886-5896
Author(s):  
Paul J. Reading
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Excessive Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Drive State

Dysfunctional sleep is an important cause of morbidity and is associated with numerous long-term health problems. Sleep-related symptoms can loosely be divided into insomnias, disorders causing excessive daytime sleepiness, and parasomnias, with some conditions having elements of all three categories. The need to sleep is imperative, reflecting the fact that sleepiness, similar to hunger and thirst, is a true drive state. Although its function remains largely elusive, disordered sleep can be associated with profound adverse effects on cognition, mental health, and physical well-being. Moreover, sleep-related symptoms are very common, with 25% of people reporting problems that significantly and regularly impact on daily activities.

Sleep and Mental Health Disorders

2021 ◽  
pp. 449-470
Author(s):  
Sutapa Dube ◽  
Claire E. Wheeler ◽  
Noshene Ranjbar
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Mental Health Issues ◽  
Optimal Function ◽  
The Relationship

Sleep health is crucial to well-being, resiliency, and optimal function. Similar to the relationship between stress and sleep, the relationship between sleep and psychiatric disorders is bidirectional. Given the associations between sleep and mental health, patients should be assessed and treated for sleep disturbances as part of their psychiatric care. In most cases, addressing sleep problems will help with the mental health condition, and sleep treatment should be part of the course of care from the beginning. To successfully address mental health issues, sleep disorders need to be tackled, and treating sleep disorders in many psychiatric patients necessitates addressing mental health issues. The relationships between sleep disturbances and common psychiatric illnesses including depressive, bipolar, anxiety, obsessive compulsive, posttraumatic stress, psychotic, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorders are explored in this chapter.

scholarly journals Cohort profile: the Men and Parenting Pathways (MAPP) Study: a longitudinal Australian cohort study of men’s mental health and well-being at the normative age for first-time fatherhood

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e047909
Author(s):  
Jacqui A Macdonald ◽  
Lauren M Francis ◽  
Helen Skouteris ◽  
George J Youssef ◽  
Liam G Graeme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Depressive Symptom Severity ◽  
Health And Well Being

PurposeThe Men and Parenting Pathways (MAPP) Study is a prospective investigation of men’s mental health and well-being across the normative age for transitioning to fatherhood. This includes trajectories and outcomes for men who do and do not become fathers across five annual waves of the study.ParticipantsAustralian resident, English-speaking men aged 28–32 years at baseline were eligible. Recruitment was over a 2-year period (2015–2017) via social and traditional media and through engagement with study partners. Eight hundred and eighteen eligible men consented to participate. Of these, 664 men completed the first online survey of whom 608 consented to ongoing participation. Of the ongoing sample, 83% have participated in at least two of the first three annual online surveys.Findings to dateThree waves of data collection are complete. The first longitudinal analysis of MAPP data, published in 2020, identified five profiles that characterise men’s patterns of depressive symptom severity and presentations of anger. Profiles indicating pronounced anger and depressive symptoms were associated with fathers’ lack of perceived social support, and problems with coparenting and bonding with infants. In a second study, MAPP data were combined with three other Australian cohorts in a meta-analysis of associations between fathers’ self-reported sleep problems up to 3 years postpartum and symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress. Adjusted meta-analytic associations between paternal sleep and mental health risk ranged from 0.25 to 0.37.Future plansMAPP is an ongoing cohort study. Waves 4 and 5 data will be ready for analyses at the end of 2021. Future investigations will include crossed-lagged and trajectory analyses that assess inter-relatedness and changing social networks, mental health, work and family life. A nested study of COVID-19 pandemic-related mental health and coping will add two further waves of data collection in a subsample of MAPP participants.

Integrative Sleep Medicine

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sleep Medicine ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
The Many

Sleep is one of the key underpinnings of human health, yet sleep disturbances and impaired sleep are rampant in modern life. Healthy sleep is a whole-body process impacted by circadian rhythm, daily activities, and emotional well-being, among others. When properly aligned, these work in concert to produce restorative and refreshing sleep. When not in balance, however, sleep disorders result. Yet too often, the approach to treatment of sleep disorders is compartmentalized, failing to recognize all of the complex interactions that are involved. This text offers a comprehensive approach to sleep and sleep disorders by delineating the many factors that interplay into healthy sleep. Health care providers can learn how to better manage their patients with sleep disorders by integrating complementary and conventional approaches. Using an evidence-based approach throughout, this book describes the basics of normal sleep then delves into the foundations of integrative sleep medicine, including the circadian rhythm, mind/body-sleep connection, light, dreaming, the gastrointestinal system, and botanicals/supplements. Specific sleep issues and disorders are then addressed from an integrative perspective, including insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, sleep related movement disorders, and parasomnias.

scholarly journals Sleep disorders in psychiatry

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Selsick ◽  
David O'Regan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Sleep Medicine ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Learning Objectives ◽  
List Type ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions ◽  
Respiratory Conditions ◽  
Broad Understanding

SUMMARYSleep medicine is a truly multidisciplinary field that covers psychiatric, neurological and respiratory conditions. As the field has developed it has become increasingly clear that there is a great deal of overlap between sleep and psychiatric disorders and it is therefore essential for psychiatrists to have some knowledge of sleep medicine. Even those disorders, such as obstructive sleep apnoea, that may seem to be outside the remit of psychiatry can have complex and important interactions with psychiatric conditions. In this article we give a brief overview of the range of sleep disorders a psychiatrist might encounter, how they are recognised, investigated and treated, and how they relate to psychiatric conditions.LEARNING OBJECTIVES•Be aware of the range of sleep disorders that might be encountered in psychiatric practice•Understand how these sleep disorders affect mental health•Have a broad understanding of how these disorders are investigated and treatedDECLARATION OF INTERESTH.S. has accepted speaker fees from Janssen Pharmaceuticals.

scholarly journals Sleep and Mental Health Among Older Adults in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Rodrigues ◽  
K Nicholson ◽  
P Wilk ◽  
G Guaiana ◽  
S Stranges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Initiatives ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
Health And Well Being

Abstract Background Global studies have demonstrated consistent associations between sleep problems and mental health and well-being in older adults, however Canadian data are lacking. We investigated associations between sleep quantity and quality with both mental illness symptoms and well-being among older adults in Canada. Methods We used cross-sectional baseline data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging, a national survey of 30,097 community-dwelling adults aged 45 years and older. Self-reported sleep measures included average past-week sleep duration (short [<6h], normal [6-8h], long [>8h]), and sleep quality (satisfied or dissatisfied vs neutral). Mental illness outcomes included depressive symptoms and psychological distress. Mental well-being outcomes included self-rated mental health and satisfaction with life. We used modified Poisson regression models with adjustment for sociodemographic, behavioural, and clinical factors, and stratification by sex and age to explore effect modification. Results In the unadjusted analysis, short and long sleep duration and sleep dissatisfaction were associated with higher mental illness symptoms and lower well-being across all outcomes. Sleep satisfaction was associated with a lower likelihood of mental illness symptoms and better well-being. Short sleep duration was associated with the largest effects on mental health outcomes. Self-rated mental health and depressive symptoms had the largest associations with sleep measures. Effects were larger in males and the 45 to 54 year age group. Conclusions Preliminary evidence suggests sleep duration and quality are associated with symptoms of depression, psychological distress, and poor mental well-being among older adults. We are unable to determine whether sleep problems are a cause or consequence of poor mental health. Nonetheless, sleep may be an important target for public health initiatives to improve mental health and well-being among older adults. Key messages Our findings contribute further evidence that sleep difficulties are associated with adverse health outcomes including higher mental illness symptoms and lower well-being among older adults. Sleep disturbances are an unmet public health problem, and may be an important target for public health initiatives to improve mental health and well-being among older adults.

scholarly journals Evening-types show highest increase of sleep and mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic – Multinational study on 19,267 adults

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilona Merikanto ◽  
Laura Kortesoja ◽  
Christian Benedict ◽  
Frances Chung ◽  
Jonathan Cedernaes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Relative Number ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Circadian Type

Abstract Study Objectives Individual circadian type is a ubiquitous trait defining sleep, with eveningness often associated with poorer sleep and mental health than morningness. However, it is unknown whether COVID-19 pandemic has differentially affected sleep and mental health depending on the circadian type. Here, the differences in sleep and mental health between circadian types are examined globally before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The sample collected between May and August 2020 across 12 countries/regions consisted of 19,267 adults with information on their circadian type. Statistical analyses were performed by using Complex Sample procedures, stratified by country and weighted by the number of inhabitants in the country/area of interest and by the relative number of responders in that country/area. Results Evening-types had poorer mental health, well-being, and quality of life or health than other circadian types during the pandemic. Sleep-wake schedules were delayed especially on working days, and evening-types reported an increase in sleep duration. Sleep problems increased in all circadian types, but especially among evening-types, moderated by financial suffering and confinement. Intermediate-types were less vulnerable to sleep changes, although morningness protected from most sleep problems. These findings were confirmed after adjusting for age, sex, duration of the confinement or socio-economic status during the pandemic. Conclusions These findings indicate an alarming increase in sleep and mental health problems, especially among evening-types as compared to other circadian types during the pandemic.

Short and Long Haul Pilots Rosters, Stress, Sleep Problems, Fatigue, Mental Health, and Well-Being

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 (10) ◽  
pp. 786-797
Author(s):  
Marion Venus ◽  
Martin grosse Holtforth
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Fatigue Severity ◽  
Health And Well Being

OBJECTIVE: This research was conducted to compare short haul (SH) and long haul (LH) pilots regarding sleep restrictions and fatigue risks on flight duty, stress, sleep problems, fatigue severity, well-being, and mental health. METHOD: There were 406 international SH and LH pilots who completed the cross-sectional online survey. Pilots sleep restrictions and fatigue-risk profiles (e.g., time pressure, late arrivals, minimum rest), sleep problems, fatigue severity, well-being, and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and common mental disorders (CMD) were measured and compared for SH and LH pilots. RESULTS: Although SH and LH pilots were scheduled for only 51.465.4% of the legally allowed duty and flight hours, 44.8% of SH pilots reported severe fatigue (FSS 4 to 4.9), and an additional 31.7% high fatigue (FSS 5), compared with 34.7% and 37.3% LH pilots. Considerable sleep problems in 8 nights/mo were reported by 24.6% SH vs. 23.5% LH pilots. Positive depression screenings were reported by 18.1% SH and 19.3% LH pilots. Positive anxiety screenings were reported by 9.6% SH and 5% LH pilots. Of all investigated pilots, 20% reported significant symptoms of depression or anxiety, and 7.23% had positive depression and anxiety screenings. LH pilots reported significantly better well-being than SH pilots. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that even far less duty and flight hours than legally allowed according to flight time limitations lead to high levels of fatigue, sleep problems, and significant mental health issues among pilots. SH pilots were even more affected than LH pilots. Pilots fatigue should be considered an immediate threat to aviation safety and pilots fitness to fly by promoting fatigue and burnout. Venus M, grosse Holtforth M. Short and long haul pilots rosters, stress, sleep problems, fatigue, mental health, and well-being. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(10):786797.

Emergency Sleep Medicine

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (04) ◽  
pp. 471-480
Author(s):  
Christian Guay ◽  
Jeffrey Ellenbogen
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sleep Medicine ◽  
Medical Providers ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Lack Of Sleep ◽  
Medical Emergencies ◽  
Prehospital Emergency ◽  
Health And Well Being

AbstractSleep is a tranquil process that contributes substantially to our overall health and well-being. Yet sleep creates certain vulnerabilities. These sometimes require urgent management decisions for prehospital emergency medical services and on-call medical providers alike. Some of these emergencies may be directly due to sleep itself, whereas others may result from sleep disorders or a lack of sleep. And then some medical emergencies may occur during sleep by chance. Yet for some of these emergencies, sleep does not necessarily play a benign role. Sleep can mask the emergency—causing a delay in detection, confusion in the diagnosis, or even impede treatment. Finally, some disorders will mimic sleep and thus elude detection. Understanding these core principles will enable medical practitioners to optimize care for patients in emergency situations.

scholarly journals Social Distancing: Prevalence of Depressive, Anxiety, and Stress Symptoms Among Brazilian Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiane Silva Esteves ◽  
Camila Rosa de Oliveira ◽  
Irani Iracema de Lima Argimon
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Brazilian Students

Social distancing due to the COVID-19 pandemic can impact mental health, triggering symptoms such as anxiety, stress and depression. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the levels of anxiety, depression and stress during the period of social distancing due to COVID-19 in students from a campus of the Federal Institute in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre/RS. A correlational and exploratory study was performed. The sample of the present research was composed by 208 students, who responded to a self-administered online questionnaire with sociodemographic variables and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale Short Form – DASS-21. The detected prevalence of symptoms classified as moderate-severe was 49% for stress, 39% for depression and 33% for anxiety. An association was found between higher levels of anxiety symptoms (OR = 5.652; 95% CI = 2.872–11.123; p < 0.001), depression (OR = 3.289; 95% CI = 1.810–5.978; p < 0.001) and stress (OR = 5.684; 95% CI = 3.120–10.355; p < 0.001) with occurrence of sleep problems during the period of social distancing. There was a protective factor provided by regular physical exercise in relation to depressive symptoms (OR = 0.490; 95% CI = 0.250–0.960; p =0.033). These data are extremely important for understanding the adverse effect on the mental health of students and for developing psychological support strategies, thus promoting well-being during and after the pandemic.

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