Introduction

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet L. Peacock ◽  
Sally M. Kerry
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Statistical Information ◽  
Research Proposal ◽  
Ethical Approval

Chapter 1 gives and introduction and description of the resource in general, and describes the presentation of required statistical information through the entire research process, from the development of the research proposal, through to applying for ethical approval, to analysing the data, and then writing up the results. We use the term ‘statistical information’ to include describing the study design, the calculation of sample size, and data processing, as well as the data analysis and reporting of results. It is written for researchers in medicine and in the professions allied to medicine.

Muddling Through the Passage of Qualitative Research: Experiences of a Novice Researcher

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richa Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Research Proposal ◽  
Independent Research ◽  
Research Experiences

The article is written as a travelogue by the author while exploring the passage of qualitative research in her maiden independent research work—her dissertation. The author describes in the article how her journey of qualitative research took shape right from the take-off point: the choice of topic and methodology to the data collection, analysis and presentation of the findings. The article also throws light on the various experiences of the researcher during the journey including the issues and challenges faced by her in different stages of the study like the research proposal stage, data collection stage and the data analysis stage. The objective of the article is to familiarize the qualitative researchers, who are currently at the beginner stage, with the possible issues and pitfalls of qualitative research process. For that the author has used her own experiences to explain the nuances of the process. In the article, the author also highlights that irrespective of the challenges faced in the process how the research study helped her in developing herself as a better researcher and a wiser person, making her efforts fruitful and providing her a sense of achievement.

Handbook for writing an experimental research proposal on golf

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mazlan Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Research Proposal ◽  
Research Report ◽  
Writing Research ◽  
Training Research ◽  
Standard Terms ◽  
Good Research

This Handbook for Writing an Experimental Research Proposal on Golf consists of two parts covering the research process from introduction to methodology.In detail, Part One (Writing Research Proposal) comprises Chapter 1 (Introduction); Chapter 2 (Literature Review); and Chapter 3 (Methodology) that are required in submitting a research proposal. Part Two (Evaluating Practice in Mind (PIM) Training Research Proposal) covers the basic checklists for evaluating the research proposal and full research report to help design a good research proposal. Finally, the handbook also includes the standard terms that are needed to write a research proposal. ms that are needed to write a research proposal.

Organizational Identity in Nonprofit Communication about Disability

2014 ◽  
pp. 358-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie C. Lellis
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Organizational Identities ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis

This chapter describes the research process used to uncover and describe the organizational identities of ten nonprofit organizations that serve persons with disabilities. Identities were measured by examining the values used in a variety of marketing and public relations materials. This chapter 1) describes how DICTION was selected as a viable option for data analysis, 2) reveals the process of augmenting and building upon a previously tested values instrument with custom dictionaries, and 3) explains how the results were interpreted and used to describe the organizational identities of ten nonprofit organizations. The challenges of data collection and analysis are discussed. Future directions for values-based research are proposed. Discussion relates the results to the challenges inherent in disability-related communication.

scholarly journals Tinjuan Prinsip-Prinsip Visual Pada Komik “Guild” Karya Irfan Rianto

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 1273-1284
Author(s):  
Muhammad Choir Affandi Adjie Rangkuti ◽  
Onggal Sihite
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Processing Data

Comic "Guild" is a comic that has a Japanese drawing style, namely Manga and applies visual principles that should be used as study material to study visual principles about comics. This study aims to identify and review the visual comics of "Guild" in terms of these principles. the principle of visual emphasis according to MS Gumelar. The population in this study is 15 pages in chapter 1 of the comic "Guild". This type of research uses qualitative research methods with documentation data collection techniques and literature study. Primary data is in the form of visual comic “Guild” chapter 1 by Irfan Rianto, data collection in this research is through literature study, observation, data processing, data analysis techniques, generalizations and instruments. Then the data that has been collected is triangulated to strengthen the credibility of the research results. From the results of the study it was concluded that the comic "Guild" had applied the principles of visual emphasis according to the MS Gumelar guidelines, although in its application there were still five pages that still had shortcomings so that it looked not optimal and consistent.

Guidelines for the Development of Research Proposals following a Structured, Holistic Approach for a Research Proposal (SHARP)

1998 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Gross ◽  
Darwin Karyadi ◽  
Soemilah Sastroamidjojo ◽  
Werner Schultink
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Causal Model ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Research Proposal ◽  
Ethical Aspects ◽  
Indicator Method ◽  
Operational Plan

SHARP (a Structured, Holistic Approach for a Research Proposal) is a structured method for developing a research proposal that can be used either by individuals or by teams of researchers. The eight steps in SHARP are (1) setting up a causal model, (2) establishing a fact–hypothesis matrix (FaHM), (3) developing a variable–indicator–method matrix (VIM), (4) selecting the study design, (5) defining the sampling procedure and calculating the sample size, (6) selecting the statistical methods, (7) considering the ethical aspects, and (8) setting up an operational plan. The objectives of the research proposal are to help the researcher to define the contents and to plan and execute a research project, and to inform potential collaborators and supporters about the topic. The proposal that is produced during the process can be submitted to agencies for possible funding.

Writing a research protocol

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet L. Peacock ◽  
Sally M. Kerry
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Research Proposal ◽  
Research Protocol ◽  
Sample Sizes ◽  
Development Cycle ◽  
Ethical Approval

Chapter 3 discusses writing a research proposal, and covers the development cycle, the title, primary and secondary aims, study design, sample sizes, statistical analysis, ethical approval, and where it can go wrong.

scholarly journals Evaluating pictorial support in person-centred care for children (PicPecc): a protocol for a crossover design study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e042726
Author(s):  
Stefan Nilsson ◽  
Angelica Wiljén ◽  
Jonas Bergquist ◽  
John Chaplin ◽  
Ensa Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Ethical Review ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Digital Tool ◽  
Legal Guardians ◽  
Ethical Approval

IntroductionThis study protocol outlines the evaluation of the pictorial support in person-centred care for children (PicPecc). PicPecc is a digital tool used by children aged 5–17 years to self-report symptoms of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, who undergo high-dose methotrexate treatments. The design of the digital platform follows the principles of universal design using pictorial support to provide accessibility for all children regardless of communication or language challenges and thus facilitating international comparison.Methods and analysisBoth effect and process evaluations will be conducted. A crossover design will be used to measure the effect/outcome, and a mixed-methods design will be used to measure the process/implementation. The primary outcome in the effect evaluation will be self-reported distress. Secondary outcomes will be stress levels monitored via neuropeptides, neurosteroids and peripheral steroids indicated in plasma blood samples; frequency of in-app estimation of high levels of distress by the children; children's use of analgesic medicine and person centeredness evaluated via the questionnaire Visual CARE Measure. For the process evaluation, qualitative interviews will be carried out with children with cancer, their legal guardians and case-related healthcare professionals. These interviews will address experiences with PicPecc in terms of feasibility and frequency of use from the child’s perspective and value to the caseworker. Interview transcripts will be analysed using an interpretive description methodology.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained from the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (reference 2019-02392; 2020-02601; 2020-06226). Children, legal guardians, healthcare professionals, policymaking and research stakeholders will be involved in all stages of the research process according to Medical Research Council’s guidelines. Research findings will be presented at international cancer and paediatric conferences and published in scientific journals.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov; NCT04433650.

Quantitative Coding of Negotiation Behavior

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie Weingart ◽  
Philip Smith ◽  
Mara Olekalns
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Fundamental Step ◽  
Coding Scheme ◽  
Negotiation Behavior ◽  
Negotiation Processes ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractThe examination of negotiation processes is seen by many researchers as an insurmountable task largely because the required methods are unfamiliar and labor-intensive. In this article, we shed light on a fundamental step in studying negotiation processes, the quantitative coding of data. Relying on videotapes as the primary source of data, we review the steps required to extract usable quantitative data and the lessons we've learned in doing so in our own research. We review our experience working with one large negotiation dataset, Towers Market II, to illustrate two steps within the larger research process: developing a coding scheme and coding the data. We then go on to discuss some of the issues that need to be resolved before data analysis begins.

The most frequently asked question to a statistician: The sample size

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 644-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Pia Sormani
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Sample Size Calculation ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Reducing Costs ◽  
Correct Size

The calculation of the sample size needed for a clinical study is the challenge most frequently put to statisticians, and it is one of the most relevant issues in the study design. The correct size of the study sample optimizes the number of patients needed to get the result, that is, to detect the minimum treatment effect that is clinically relevant. Minimizing the sample size of a study has the advantage of reducing costs, enhancing feasibility, and also has ethical implications. In this brief report, I will explore the main concepts on which the sample size calculation is based.

scholarly journals Using video in childbirth research

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Davis Harte ◽  
Caroline SE Homer ◽  
Athena Sheehan ◽  
Nicky Leap ◽  
Maralyn Foureur
Keyword(s):  
Video Recording ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Ethics Committee ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Australian Health ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Video Research ◽  
Unit Design ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Background: Conducting video-research in birth settings raises challenges for ethics review boards to view birthing women and research-midwives as capable, autonomous decision-makers. Aim: This study aimed to gain an understanding of how the ethical approval process was experienced and to chronicle the perceived risks and benefits. Research design: The Birth Unit Design project was a 2012 Australian ethnographic study that used video recording to investigate the physical design features in the hospital birthing space that might influence both verbal and non-verbal communication and the experiences of childbearing women, midwives and supporters. Participants and research context: Six women, 11 midwives and 11 childbirth supporters were filmed during the women’s labours in hospital birth units and interviewed 6 weeks later. Ethical considerations: The study was approved by an Australian Health Research Ethics Committee after a protracted process of negotiation. Findings: The ethics committee was influenced by a traditional view of research as based on scientific experiments resulting in a poor understanding of video-ethnographic research, a paradigmatic view of the politics and practicalities of modern childbirth processes, a desire to protect institutions from litigation, and what we perceived as a paternalistic approach towards protecting participants, one that was at odds with our aim to facilitate situations in which women could make flexible, autonomous decisions about how they might engage with the research process. Discussion: The perceived need for protection was overly burdensome and against the wishes of the participants themselves; ultimately, this limited the capacity of the study to improve care for women and babies. Conclusion: Recommendations are offered for those involved in ethical approval processes for qualitative research in childbirth settings. The complexity of issues within childbirth settings, as in most modern healthcare settings, should be analysed using a variety of research approaches, beyond efficacy-style randomised controlled trials, to expand and improve practice-based results.

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