Psychedelics and dissociative substances

New Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry ◽

10.1093/med/9780198713005.003.0054 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 539-545

Author(s):

Adam R. Winstock ◽

James Rucker

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Lysergic Acid ◽

Common Mechanism ◽

The World ◽

Counter Culture ◽

History Of ◽

Resistant Depression ◽

History Of Use ◽

Chronic Use

Psychedelics and hallucinogens represent some of the most commonly used drugs in the world, with a history of use steeped in spirituality, counter-culture, and more recently latent therapeutic potential. Sharing a common mechanism of action at the 5-HT2a receptor, drugs such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin, while they can rarely induce significant short-term psychopathology, are remarkably safe physiologically, do not cause dependence, and are now being actively researched again for their therapeutic potential in non-psychotic conditions such as anxiety, addictions, and depression. Ketamine is also being explored as a treatment for resistant depression and is in common use as an anaesthetic. However, it has increasingly become recognized as a drug with abuse potential. Although safe in overdose, ketamine carries acute risks related to vulnerability while intoxicated, and chronic use is associated with urinary tract toxicity.

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The “Millstätter Predigten” (Millstatt Sermons), Petrus Berchorius, and Mechthild of Magdeburg

Daphnis ◽

10.1163/18796583-12340037 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 59-84

Author(s):

Sabine Seelbach

Keyword(s):

Cultural Memory ◽

Educational History ◽

Mechthild Of Magdeburg ◽

The World ◽

History Of ◽

History Of Use ◽

Shed Light

Abstract This article presents the project “Virtual Benedictine library Millstatt” (www.virtbibmillstatt.com/), which is dedicated to the cultural memory and educational history of Carinthia in the broadest sense. It aims to reconstruct the hitherto little-known and little-researched corpus of manuscripts from the Benedictine Abbey of Millstatt, to identify its texts, and to shed light on their history of use. Against the background of the eventful history of ownership of the Millstatt library, the problems that arise when trying to reliably assign manuscripts scattered around the world to the Millstatt corpus are outlined. Examples will be used to show the extent to which external features (binding, signature system, accessories), but also text-internal indications, make the origin and ownership history of the manuscripts traceable. Spectacular new finds are presented, but also erroneous assumptions about the affiliation of certain texts to the reading canon of the Millstatt Benedictines are pointed out.

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Ficus deltoideaJack: A Review on Its Phytochemical and Pharmacological Importance

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2014/902734 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Hamidun Bunawan ◽

Noriha Mat Amin ◽

Siti Noraini Bunawan ◽

Syarul Nataqain Baharum ◽

Normah Mohd Noor

Keyword(s):

Scientific Literature ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Future Research ◽

Pharmacological Effects ◽

Antidiabetic Drug ◽

Medicinal Species ◽

Ficus Deltoidea ◽

Pharmacological Studies ◽

History Of ◽

History Of Use

Ficus deltoideaJack (Moraceae) has had a long history of use in traditional medicine among the Malays to alleviate and heal ailments such as sores, wounds, and rheumatism and as an after-birth tonic and an antidiabetic drug. Modern pharmacological studies demonstrated that this plant has a wide variety of beneficial attributes for human health. Despite its importance, a review of this species has not been published in the scientific literature to date. Here, we review and summarize the historic and current literature concerning the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological effects, and toxicity of this wonder plant. This summary could be beneficial for future research aiming to exploit the therapeutic potential of this useful, medicinal species.

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Achillea Species as Sources of Active Phytochemicals for Dermatological and Cosmetic Applications

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2021/6643827 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Marcelina Strzępek-Gomółka ◽

Katarzyna Gaweł-Bęben ◽

Wirginia Kukula-Koch

Keyword(s):

Scientific Evidence ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Environmental Stressors ◽

World Health ◽

Cosmetic Products ◽

Cosmetic Ingredients ◽

The World ◽

History Of ◽

History Of Use ◽

Wound Healing Activity

Achillea spp. is well known for its broad range of applications and long history of use in traditional medicine around the world. Health benefits of Achillea extracts result from the multitude of secondary metabolites identified in the plants from this genus that include flavonoids, phenolic acids, terpenes, guaianolides, phytosterols, fatty acids, and organic acids. The properties of several Achillea extracts meet also the expectations of a vividly developing cosmetic market. An increasing number of studies on the dermatological properties of Achillea spp. are observed in the recent years, with Achillea millefolium L. being the most studied and used representative of the genus. There is strong scientific evidence showing that also other yarrow species might be rich sources of effective cosmetic ingredients, with skin calming and rejuvenating properties, wound healing activity, and anti-inflammatory potential. Several Achillea extracts and isolated compounds were also shown to display significant tyrosinase inhibitory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties and thus are interesting candidates for active ingredients of medications and cosmetic products protecting the skin from the harmful impact of environmental stressors. The aim of this review is to collect the current information on the composition and cosmeceutical significance of different Achillea species.

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MYCOFLORA OF SPICES : A REVIEW

PLANT ARCHIVES ◽

10.51470/plantarchives.2021.v21.no2.018 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Chitra Kumari ◽

Shyam Govind Singh

Keyword(s):

Adverse Effect ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Traditional Medicine ◽

Quality Standard ◽

Regulatory Framework ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Human Being ◽

The World ◽

History Of ◽

History Of Use

Spices are important for human being and have a long history of use in therapy throughout the world and still make an important role as traditional medicine. This review addresses the worldwide Mycoflora contamination which secretes secondary metabolites which known as mycotoxin. Mycoflora as major common contaminants of spices and that causes adverse effect on animal, crops and human that result in economic losses and illnesses. To prevent and screen for contamination and ensure safety and conformity to quality standard of spices and their products should be included in appropriate regulatory framework.

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Działanie moczopędne wybranych surowców roślinnych

Postępy Fitoterapii ◽

10.25121/pf.2019.20.3.194 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Justyna Baraniak ◽

Małgorzata Kania-Dobrowolska

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

Clinical Research ◽

Betula Pendula ◽

Diuretic Activity ◽

Herbal Medicinal Product ◽

Solidago Virgaurea ◽

History Of ◽

Herbal Medicinal ◽

History Of Use ◽

Traditional Herbal Medicinal Product

Goldenrod herb (Solidago virgaurea L.), birch leaves (Betula pendula Roth) and lovage radix (Levisticum officinale Koch.) have a long history of use as a traditional herbal medicinal product. These herbal substances are part of many products intended for use in the case of diseases of the urinary tract. Among many activities, plants as lovage, birch and goldenrod are known for their diuretic activity. The mechanism of this action has not been thoroughly understood and explained so far. There are also few clinical research studies confirming such properties of the herbal substances described. This article describes information on this subject available in the literature.

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Youth subcultures in the world of popular culture

Osvitolohiya ◽

10.28925/2226-3012.2017.6.128136 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 128-136

Author(s):

Tomasz Gebel ◽

Keyword(s):

Mass Culture ◽

Social Order ◽

Cultural Development ◽

Cultural Changes ◽

Great Opportunity ◽

The World ◽

Counter Culture ◽

Youth Subcultures ◽

History Of ◽

The Way

The autor discusse the issues of the symbolic and material world born out of subcultural currents. The activity of the most distinctive youth subcultures has also been presented over the last decades. The author describes the relations between the world of popular (widely accessible, mass) culture and counter culture. The examples of norms, patterns, values and products of particular subcultures show the way in which they contested popculture. Moreover, the author draws due attention to challenges and possibilities faced by education in the field of the culture of subcultures. The findings of the research show that the emergence of various youth movements and their individual manifestations is important in the process of cultural development of society rather than threaten culture, since it enriches it with new elements, making culture more complicated.In turn, the danger of subcultures is connected with creating a particular threat to the existing social order. Subcultures bring sufferings to those who want to push the one true vision of reality. Culture is an incredible instrument for people making decisions to understand their audience.The history of the twentieth century is a history of subcultures. They were a reflection of the enormous social and cultural changes that took place throughout the world.It was the young people who frankly reacted to the reality that was different from ideas and dreams.Subcultures have been a reflection of their aspirations, a part of the world that can be managed the way they want. The presence of the youth subcultures in the world seems to be a great opportunity to instill the idea of dialogue, to ensure tolerance to the Other.They are an indescribable challenge to education in today's multicultural world.

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Contaminants of Medicinal Herbs and Herbal Products

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology ◽

10.2478/10004-1254-60-2009-2005 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 60 (4) ◽

pp. 485-501 ◽

Cited By ~ 66

Author(s):

Ivan Kosalec ◽

Josipa Cvek ◽

Siniša Tomić

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Toxic Elements ◽

Quality Standards ◽

Medicinal Herbs ◽

Herbal Products ◽

Chemical Contaminants ◽

The World ◽

Biological Contaminants ◽

History Of ◽

History Of Use

Contaminants of Medicinal Herbs and Herbal ProductsMedicinal plants have a long history of use in therapy throughout the world and still make an important part of traditional medicine. Thus, medicinal plants and herbal products must be safe for the patient (consumer). This review addresses biological contaminants (microbes and other organisms) and chemical contaminants (mycotoxins, toxic elements such as heavy metals, and pesticide residues) as major common contaminants of medicinal herbs and herbal products. To prevent and screen for contamination and ensure safety and conformity to quality standards, medicinal herbs and herbal products should be included in appropriate regulatory framework.

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Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties of Allium Ursinum

Serbian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research ◽

10.2478/sjecr2018-0003 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Milos Krivokapic ◽

Jovana Bradic ◽

Anica Petkovic ◽

Marina Popovic

Keyword(s):

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Herbaceous Plant ◽

Pharmacological Properties ◽

Respiratory Problems ◽

Perennial Herbaceous Plant ◽

Allium Ursinum ◽

Starting Point ◽

History Of ◽

History Of Use

Abstract Allium ursinum L. is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Alliaceae family. Several classes of bioactive compounds have been isolated from A. ursinum so far, among them sulfur and phenolic compounds as quantitatively the most distributed constituents, responsible for pharmaceutical effects of the plant. Small amounts of steroidal glucosides, lecitins, fatty acids and several amino acids, as well as the essential oil are also present in A. ursinum. Th is plant species is characterized by a long history of use in traditional medicine in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease, as digestive stimulant, antimicrobial agent, as a remedy in respiratory problems, insomnia and fainting. Despite its widespread use for medicinal purposes since the ancient time, studies referring to its pharmacological activity are still lacking. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge related to the phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Allium ursinum. Th is study may be a starting point for future researches in this field, which would fully clarify therapeutic potential of A. ursinum and make it a possible candidate for medicinal product.

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