Dengue

2020 ◽  
pp. 845-852
Author(s):  
Bridget Wills ◽  
Yee-Sin Leo
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Significant Problem ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Asian Cities ◽  
Asymptomatic Infections

Dengue is the most important mosquito-borne viral infection to affect humans. It is an RNA virus in the Flavivirus genus, family Flaviviridae. There are four closely related but serologically distinct viral serotypes, all of which may cause disease. Following infection with one serotype there is lifelong immunity to that serotype but the possibility of more severe disease during a subsequent infection with a different serotype. The primary mosquito vector is Aedes aegypti. Recent estimates suggest around 100 million symptomatic, and many more asymptomatic, infections occur annually worldwide. The disease is hyperendemic in many large Asian cities, and is also a significant problem in the Pacific region and in the Americas.

Yellow fever

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P. Monath ◽  
J. Erin Staples
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Tree Hole ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Tropical Areas ◽  
Yellow Fever Vaccination ◽  
And Control ◽  
Flavivirus Infection

Yellow fever is an acute mosquito-borne flavivirus infection characterized in its full-blown form by fever, jaundice, albuminuria, and haemorrhage. Two forms are distinguished: urban yellow fever in which the virus is spread from person to person by peridomestic Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and jungle (sylvan) yellow fever transmitted by tree-hole breeding mosquitoes between non-human primates and sometimes humans. Yellow fever is endemic and epidemic in tropical areas of the Americas and Africa but has never appeared in Asia or the Pacific region. Prevention and control are effected principally through yellow fever vaccination.

scholarly journals Molecular Responses to the Zika Virus in Mosquitoes

Pathogens ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catalina Alfonso-Parra ◽  
Frank Avila
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Birth Defects ◽  
Molecular Interactions ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
Molecular Responses ◽  
The Pacific

The Zika virus (ZIKV), originally discovered in 1947, did not become a major concern until the virus swept across the Pacific and into the Americas in the last decade, bringing with it news of neurological complications and birth defects in ZIKV affected areas. This prompted researchers to dissect the molecular interactions between ZIKV and the mosquito vector in an attempt to better understand not only the changes that occur upon infection, but to also identify molecules that may potentially enhance or suppress a mosquito’s ability to become infected and/or transmit the virus. Here, we review what is currently known regarding ZIKV-mosquito molecular interactions, focusing on ZIKV infection of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, the primary species implicated in transmitting ZIKV during the recent outbreaks.

scholarly journals Heterogeneous genetic invasions of three insecticide resistance mutations in Indo-Pacific populations of Aedes aegypti (L.)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy M. Endersby-Harshman ◽  
Thomas L. Schmidt ◽  
Jessica Chung ◽  
Anthony van Rooyen ◽  
Andrew R. Weeks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Resistance Allele ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Pyrethroid Insecticides ◽  
Genome Wide

AbstractNations throughout the Indo-Pacific region use pyrethroid insecticides to control Aedes aegypti, the mosquito vector of dengue, often without knowledge of pyrethroid resistance status of the pest or origin of resistance. Two mutations (V1016G + F1534C) in the sodium channel gene (Vssc) of Ae. aegypti modify ion channel function and cause target-site resistance to pyrethroid insecticides, with a third mutation (S989P) having a potential additive effect. Of 27 possible genotypes involving these mutations, some allelic combinations are never seen while others predominate. Here, five allelic combinations common in Ae. aegypti from the Indo-Pacific region are described and their geographical distributions investigated using genome-wide SNP markers. We tested the hypothesis that resistance allele combinations evolved de novo in populations, versus the alternative that dispersal of Ae. aegypti between populations facilitated genetic invasions of allele combinations. We used latent factor mixed-models to detect SNPs throughout the genome that showed structuring in line with resistance allele combinations and compared variation at SNPs within the Vssc gene with genome-wide variation. Mixed-models detected an array of SNPs linked to resistance allele combinations, all located within or in close proximity to the Vssc gene. Variation at SNPs within the Vssc gene was structured by resistance profile, while genome-wide SNPs were structured by population. These results demonstrate that alleles near to resistance mutations have been transferred between populations via linked selection. This indicates that genetic invasions have contributed to the widespread occurrence of Vssc allele combinations in Ae. aegypti in the Indo-Pacific region, pointing to undocumented mosquito invasions between countries.

scholarly journals Chikungunya Virus and the Mosquito Vector Aedes aegypti in New Caledonia (South Pacific Region)

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1036-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myrielle Dupont-Rouzeyrol ◽  
Valérie Caro ◽  
Laurent Guillaumot ◽  
Marie Vazeille ◽  
Eric D'Ortenzio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Pacific Region

scholarly journals A short report on Dengue Fever

2017 ◽  
Vol 08 (01) ◽  
pp. 60-61
Author(s):  
Mahwish Fatima ◽  
Subia Jamil
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Short Report ◽  
Female Mosquito

Dengue fever is a deadly mosquito-borne viral infection. It is caused by the bite of female mosquito by Aedes aegypti and in some cases also by Aedes albopictus, infected with the virus. Dengue virus is RNA virus, which is single-stranded.

A Simple PCR Assay for Discrimination of Dengue Vectors from Nsukka LGA, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-77
Author(s):  
Amos Watentena ◽  
Ikem Chris Okoye ◽  
Ikechukwu Eugene Onah ◽  
Onwude Cosmas Ogbonnaya ◽  
Emmanuel Ogudu
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Aedes Mosquitoes ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
Arboviral Diseases ◽  
Dengue Vectors

Mosquitoes of Aedes species are vectors of several arboviral diseases which continue to be a major public health problem in Nigeria. This study among other things, morphologically identified Aedes mosquitoes collected from Nsukka LGA and used an allele specific PCR amplification for discrimination of dengue vectors. Larval sampling, BG-sentinel traps and modified human landing catches were used for mosquito sampling in two selected autonomous communities of Nsukka LGA (Nsukka and Obimo). A total of 124 Aedes mosquitoes consisting of five (5) different species were collected from April to June, 2019 in a cross-sectional study that covered 126 households, under 76 distinct geographical coordinates. Larvae was mainly collected from plastic containers 73% (n=224), metallic containers 14% (n=43), earthen pots 9% (n=29) and used car tyres 3% (n=9), reared to adult stage 69.35% (n=86), and all mosquitoes were identified using standard morphological keys. Five (5) Aedes mosquito species were captured; Aedes aegypti 83(66.94%), Aedes albopictus 33(26.61%), Aedes simpsoni (4.48%), Aedes luteocephalus (≤1%) and Aedes vittatus (≤1%). Nsukka autonomous community had higher species diversity than Obimo. Allele specific amplification confirmed dengue vectors, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus species on a 2% agarose gel. Since the most recent re-emergence of arboviral diseases is closely associated with Aedes species, findings of this study, therefore, give further evidence about the presence of potential arboviral vectors in Nigeria and describe the role of a simple PCR in discriminating some. Further entomological studies should integrate PCR assays in mosquito vector surveillance.

Vietnam in the Indo-Pacific Region: Perception, Position and Perspectives

2021 ◽  
pp. 097492842110050
Author(s):  
Nguyen Le Thy Thuong ◽  
Nguyen Thi Oanh
Keyword(s):  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Common Space ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The World ◽  
State Behaviour ◽  
Asian Pacific

The Indo-Pacific region is an area adjacent to some oceans and the gateway that connects the great power and small countries to the world; this region is always considered by Vietnam as a key strategic geographic area, having direct impacts on national security, position and its role in this region. While big powers have different perceptions to the Indo-Pacific region, as a country occupying an important geographic position in the Pacific region, Vietnam shares a common vision of an open and rule-based area, and a common interest in maintaining peace, stability and prosperity as well as building a common space for coexistence and development with the belief that the Indo-Asian-Pacific is large enough for every nation to grow and prosper. This article finds out that recent changes in the Indo-Pacific region in geopolitics, economics, security and national defence have made many countries, including Vietnam, to redefine their global and regional policies to refresh their strategic perceptions. Vietnam has its own perception, position, approach and national orientations, which is shaping its state behaviour and perspectives in this geopolitical vibrant Indo-Pacific region. Besides, this article uses the SWOT analysis model to determine the challenges, strengths and weaknesses of Vietnam in the Indo-Pacific region. Moreover, while the future of the Indo-Pacific in a post-COVID-19 pandemic world remains filled with uncertainty and economic challenges, the crisis also presents an opportunity for Vietnam to re-evaluate its position. Today, Vietnam always maintains its foreign policy of independence, self-reliance, multilateralism and diversification of international relations, which attaches great importance to enhancing multi-faceted cooperation with countries in the Indo-Pacific region. Thus, with its own perception and geostrategic advantage, Vietnam—a developing country in the region and in the world with relatively stable economic growth, pursuing rules and order will be a positive factor for a stable, peaceful and prosperous development in the region.

scholarly journals The characteristics of behaviour change interventions used among Pacific people: a systematic search and narrative synthesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amio Matenga-Ikihele ◽  
Judith McCool ◽  
Rosie Dobson ◽  
Fuafiva Fa’alau ◽  
Robyn Whittaker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Support ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Health Behaviour ◽  
Narrative Synthesis ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Behaviour Change Interventions ◽  
Pacific People ◽  
The Pacific

Abstract Background Pacific people living in New Zealand, Australia, United States, and the Pacific region continue to experience a disproportionately high burden of long-term conditions, making culturally contextualised behaviour change interventions a priority. The primary aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of behaviour change interventions designed to improve health and effect health behaviour change among Pacific people. Methods Electronic searches were carried out on OVID Medline, PsycINFO, PubMed, Embase and SCOPUS databases (initial search January 2019 and updated in January 2020) for studies describing an intervention designed to change health behaviour(s) among Pacific people. Titles and abstracts of 5699 papers were screened; 201 papers were then independently assessed. A review of full text was carried out by three of the authors resulting in 208 being included in the final review. Twenty-seven studies were included, published in six countries between 1996 and 2020. Results Important characteristics in the interventions included meaningful partnerships with Pacific communities using community-based participatory research and ensuring interventions were culturally anchored and centred on collectivism using family or social support. Most interventions used social cognitive theory, followed by popular behaviour change techniques instruction on how to perform a behaviour and social support (unspecified). Negotiating the spaces between Eurocentric behaviour change constructs and Pacific worldviews was simplified using Pacific facilitators and talanoa. This relational approach provided an essential link between academia and Pacific communities. Conclusions This systematic search and narrative synthesis provides new and important insights into potential elements and components when designing behaviour change interventions for Pacific people. The paucity of literature available outside of the United States highlights further research is required to reflect Pacific communities living in New Zealand, Australia, and the Pacific region. Future research needs to invest in building research capacity within Pacific communities, centering self-determining research agendas and findings to be led and owned by Pacific communities.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document