Nutritional assessment

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Puntis
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Growth Failure ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
Routine Assessment

Routine assessment of nutritional status should be part of normal practice when seeing any patient. The purpose is to document objective nutritional parameters (e.g. anthropometry), identify nutritional deficiencies, and establish nutritional needs. Protein–energy malnutrition has many adverse consequences including growth failure (identified by reference to standard growth charts). Worldwide, malnutrition contributes to a third of deaths in children under 5 years of age, and one in nine people don’t have enough food to lead an active and healthy life. In developed countries, malnutrition complicates both acute and chronic illness with negative effects on outcomes. In clinical practice, a useful approach to nutritional assessment is to consider three elements: ‘what you are’ (i.e. body habitus—underweight for height; short for age; etc.), ‘what you can do’ (functional activity), and ‘what you eat’ (current nutritional intake).

Assessing nutritional status in the ICU

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Yves Egreteau ◽  
Jean-Michel Boles
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Catabolic Rate ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Patient’S History

Decreased nutrient intake, increased body requirements, and/or altered nutrient utilization are frequently combined in critically-ill patients. The initial nutritional status and the extent of the disease-related catabolism are the main risk factors for nutrition- related complications. Many complications are related to protein energy malnutrition, which is frequent in the ICU setting. Assessing nutritional status pursues several different goals. Nutritional assessment is required for patients presenting with clinical evidence of malnutrition, with chronic diseases, with acute conditions accompanied by a high catabolic rate, and elderly patients. Recording the patient’s history, nutrient intake, and physical examination, and subjective global assessment allows classification of nutritional status. All the traditional markers of malnutrition, anthropometric measurements and plasma proteins, lose their specificity in the sick adult as each may be affected by a number of non-nutritional factors. Muscle function evaluated by hand-grip strength in cooperative patients and serum albumin provide an objective risk assessment. Several nutritional indices have been validated in specific groups of patients to identify patients at risk of nutritionally-mediated complications and, therefore, the need for nutritional support. A strong suspicion remains the best way of uncovering potentially harmful nutritional deficiencies.

scholarly journals Prevalence of nutritional deficiencies among school going adolescents of Vadodara, Gujarat, India: a cross sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1767
Author(s):  
Ashish Shamjibhai Bhalsod ◽  
Nisarg N. Dave ◽  
Nilesh Thakor
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Complex Deficiency ◽  
Fatty Acid Deficiency

Background: Adolescent constitutes over 23% of the population in India. Critical development occurs during adolescence period. Growth spurt and increase in physical activity during adolescent period increases the nutrition and health needs of the adolescent. Objective was to study prevalence of nutritional deficiencies among school going adolescents of Vadodara city, Gujarat.Methods: The study was carried during period from September 2018 to August 2019. After taking the permission of principals of 3 schools and consent of the parents of adolescents, 511 adolescents from 3 schools of Vadodara city were examined for signs of various nutritional deficiencies. The data was collected by predesign, pretested proforma and analyzed using SPSS 17.0 (Trial Version).Results: Out of total 511 adolescents 253(49.5%) were female. Mean age of the study adolescents was 15.6±1.81 years. Maximum numbers of the adolescents were in the age group of 10-14 years (60.3%). Mean age of female and male adolescents was 15.2±1.71 years and 15.6±2.01 years respectively. The study revealed that vitamin A deficiency was present in 38(7.4%) adolescents. Vitamin B complex deficiency signs were seen in 112(21.9%) adolescents. Vitamin C deficiency signs were seen in 43(8.4%) adolescents. Protein Energy Malnutrition was observed in 52(10.1%) adolescents. Essential fatty acid deficiency was observed in 56(10.9%) adolescents.Conclusions: High prevalence of nutritional deficiencies among these adolescents needs great attention and health education.

scholarly journals Nutritional deficiencies and later behavioural development

2000 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Grantham-McGregor ◽  
S. P. Walker ◽  
S. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
School Achievement ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

The literature on the long-term effects of nutritional deficiencies in early life is reviewed. The severity and duration of the deficiency, the stage of the children’s development, the biological condition of the children and the socio-cultural context may all modify the effect. There is substantial evidence that reduced breast-feeding, small-for-gestational-age birth weight, Fe and I deficiency, and protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) are associated with long-term deficits in cognition and school achievement. However, all these conditions are associated with poverty and poor health, which may account for the association. It is difficult to establish that the long-term relationship is causal, as it requires a randomized treatment trial with long-term follow-up. Such studies are only available for I deficiency in utero and early childhood PEM. Results from these studies indicate that I deficiency has a long-term effect and PEM probably has a long-term effect.

Nutrition in Children with Kidney Disease: Pitfalls of Popular Assessment Methods

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 143-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethany J. Foster ◽  
Mary B. Leonard
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Fluid Overload ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Accurate Picture ◽  
Pubertal Delay

Children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are considered at high risk for protein-energy malnutrition. Clinical practice guidelines generally recommend an evaluation of numerous nutritional parameters to give a complete and accurate picture of nutritional status. This review summarizes the potential limitations of commonly used methods of nutritional assessment in the setting of CKD. Unrecognized fluid overload and inappropriate normalization of body composition measures are the most important factors leading to misinterpretation of the nutritional assessment in CKD. The importance of expressing body composition measures relative to height or height-age in a population in whom short stature and pubertal delay are highly prevalent is emphasized. The limitations of growth as a marker for nutritional status are also addressed. In addition, the prevailing belief that children with CKD are at high risk for malnutrition is challenged.

scholarly journals Prealbumin Serum Concentrations as a Useful Tool in the Assessment of Malnutrition in Hospitalized Patients

2006 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 2281-2285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluigi Devoto ◽  
Fabrizio Gallo ◽  
Concetta Marchello ◽  
Omar Racchi ◽  
Roberta Garbarini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Severe Malnutrition ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Nutritional Index ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Worse Prognosis

Abstract Background: Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is a common condition among patients admitted to hospitals, and it is associated with a worse prognosis and increased mortality. Although several screening systems have been developed, PEM is still poorly recognized, and there is no consensus on which test is more reliable and feasible in clinical practice. Prealbumin (PAB) is a potential useful PEM marker because its serum concentrations are closely related to early changes in nutritional status. Methods: We studied PEM prevalence and PAB serum concentrations in 108 hospitalized patients. The Detailed Nutritional Assessment (DNA) was used as the reference method to determine PEM. PAB performance was compared with that of 2 other methods, the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) and the Prognostic Inflammatory and Nutritional Index score (PINI). Results: According to the DNA reference method, 41% of patients were classified with mild malnutrition and 19% with severe malnutrition. PAB showed the best concordance with the standard DNA method (concordance index, 76.8%) and a good sensitivity/specificity profile (83.1%/76.7%) compared with SGA and PINI. Conclusions: We conclude that PAB could represent a feasible and reliable tool in the evaluation of malnutrition, especially in settings where it is difficult to obtain a more detailed and comprehensive nutritional assessment such as the DNA.

scholarly journals Undernutrition, food insecurity, and leprosy in North Gondar Zone, Ethiopia: A case-control study to identify infection risk factors associated with poverty

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. e0009456
Author(s):  
Puneet Anantharam ◽  
Lisa E. Emerson ◽  
Kassahun D. Bilcha ◽  
Jessica K. Fairley ◽  
Annisa B. Tesfaye
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Biometric Data ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Individual Host ◽  
Infection Risk Factors

Background Ethiopia has over 3,200 new cases of leprosy diagnosed every year. Prevention remains a challenge as transmission pathways are poorly understood. Susceptibility and disease manifestations are highly dependent on individual host-immune response. Nutritional deficiencies, such as protein-energy malnutrition, have been linked to reduced cell-mediated immunity, which in the case of leprosy, could lead to a higher chance of active leprosy and thus an increased reservoir of transmissible infection. Methodology/Principal findings Between June and August 2018, recently diagnosed patients with leprosy and individuals without known contact with cases were enrolled as controls in North Gondar regional health centers. Participants answered survey questions on biometric data, demographics, socioeconomic situation, and dietary habits. Descriptive statistics, univariate, and multivariate logisitic regression examined associations between undernutrition, specifically body mass index (BMI), middle upper arm circumference (MUAC), and leprosy. Eighty-one participants (40 cases of leprosy, 41 controls) were enrolled (75% male) with an average age of 38.6 years (SD 18.3). The majority of cases were multibacillary (MB) (90%). There was a high prevalence of undernutrition with 24 (29.6%) participants underweight (BMI <18.5) and 17 (21%) having a low MUAC. On multivariate analysis, underweight was significantly associated with leprosy (aOR = 9.25, 95% CI 2.77, 30.81). Also found to be associated with leprosy was cutting the size of meals/skipping meals (OR = 2.9, 95% CI 1.0, 8.32) or not having enough money for food (OR = 10, 95% CI 3.44 29.06). Conclusions/Significance The results suggest a strong association between leprosy and undernutrition, while also supporting the framework that food insecurity may lead to undernutrition that then could increase susceptibility to leprosy. In conclusion, this study highlights the need to study the interplay of undernutrition, food insecurity, and the manifestations of leprosy.

Nutritional Deficiencies and Toxicities

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl E. Misulis ◽  
E. Lee Murray
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Wernicke Encephalopathy ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Korsakoff Syndrome ◽  
B12 Deficiency

Nutritional disorders are often encountered in hospital neurology practice, especially deficiencies of vitamins B1 and B12. Medical conditions can predispose to nutritional disorders. This chapter discusses the presentation, diagnosis, and management of B12 deficiency, B1 deficiency, protein-energy malnutrition, folate deficiency especially in the context of pregnancy, B6 deficiency, B6 toxicity, copper deficiency, and vitamin D deficiency. Wernicke encephalopathy and Korsakoff syndrome are also discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document