scholarly journals Prevalence of nutritional deficiencies among school going adolescents of Vadodara, Gujarat, India: a cross sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1767
Author(s):  
Ashish Shamjibhai Bhalsod ◽  
Nisarg N. Dave ◽  
Nilesh Thakor
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Complex Deficiency ◽  
Fatty Acid Deficiency

Background: Adolescent constitutes over 23% of the population in India. Critical development occurs during adolescence period. Growth spurt and increase in physical activity during adolescent period increases the nutrition and health needs of the adolescent. Objective was to study prevalence of nutritional deficiencies among school going adolescents of Vadodara city, Gujarat.Methods: The study was carried during period from September 2018 to August 2019. After taking the permission of principals of 3 schools and consent of the parents of adolescents, 511 adolescents from 3 schools of Vadodara city were examined for signs of various nutritional deficiencies. The data was collected by predesign, pretested proforma and analyzed using SPSS 17.0 (Trial Version).Results: Out of total 511 adolescents 253(49.5%) were female. Mean age of the study adolescents was 15.6±1.81 years. Maximum numbers of the adolescents were in the age group of 10-14 years (60.3%). Mean age of female and male adolescents was 15.2±1.71 years and 15.6±2.01 years respectively. The study revealed that vitamin A deficiency was present in 38(7.4%) adolescents. Vitamin B complex deficiency signs were seen in 112(21.9%) adolescents. Vitamin C deficiency signs were seen in 43(8.4%) adolescents. Protein Energy Malnutrition was observed in 52(10.1%) adolescents. Essential fatty acid deficiency was observed in 56(10.9%) adolescents.Conclusions: High prevalence of nutritional deficiencies among these adolescents needs great attention and health education.

scholarly journals Angular Cheilitis pada Anak yang Mengalami Defisiensi Nutrisi

e-GIGI ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Verena M. Ekarisma ◽  
Christy N. Mintjelungan ◽  
Aurelia S. R. Supit ◽  
Johanna A. Khoman
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Oral Infections ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Complex Deficiency

Abstract: Nutritional problems in Indonesia and developing countries in general are still dominated by the protein energy malnutrition (PEM) and other micronutrient problems such as iron deficiency and vitamin B complex deficiency. Nutritional deficiency is always accompanied by malnutrition in childhood. Children face the greatest risk of developing malnutrition. This can lead the children to become susceptible to infectious diseases. One of the most common oral infections in children with nutritional deficiencies is angular cheilitis. This study was aimed to review nutritional deficiencies in children with angular cheilitis. This was a literature review study. This study reviewed topics related to nutritional deficiencies in children from previous studies. There were 12 literature reviewed in this study consisting of 11 cross-sectional studies and one simple experimental study. The results showed that angular cheilitis was more common in children with malnutrition based on BMI for age measurement and moderate nutritional status based on MUAC measurements. Angular cheilitis type 1 were most commonly found in children with mild nutritional status, while types 2, 3 and 4 were most commonly found in children with moderate nutritional status. None of types 2, 3, and 4 were seen in children with good nutritional status. In conclusion, children with angular cheilitis are mostly deficient in vitamin B complex.Keywords: angular cheilitis, children, nutritional deficiencies Abstrak: Masalah nutrisi di Indonesia dan di negara berkembang pada umumnya masih didominasi oleh masalah kurang energi dan protein (KEP) serta masalah nutrisi mikro lainnya seperti defisiensi zat besi dan defisiensi vitamin B kompleks. Defisiensi nutrisi selalu dihubungkan dengan kekurangan gizi pada masa anak-anak. Anak-anak menghadapi risiko paling besar untuk mengalami kurang gizi. Defisiensi nutrisi dapat menyebabkan anak rentan terhadap penyakit infeksi. Salah satu penyakit infeksi rongga mulut yang sering terjadi pada anak dengan defisiensi nutrisi ialah angular cheilitis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran defisiensi nutrisi pada anak dengan angular cheilitis. Jenis penelitian ialah suatu literature review. Penelitian ini mempelajari topik terkait defisiensi nutrisi pada anak dengan angular cheilitis dari penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya. Pustaka yang diulas dan dipelajari dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 12 pustaka yang terdiri dari 11 studi potong lintang dan satu eksperimental sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lesi angular cheilitis lebih sering ditemukan pada anak dengan status gizi kurang berdasarkan pengukuran IMT/U dan status kurang nutrisi sedang berdasarkan pengukuran LLA. Lesi angular cheilitis tipe 1 paling banyak ditemukan pada anak dengan status kurang nutrisi ringan, sedangkan tipe 2, 3 dan 4 paling banyak ditemukan pada anak dengan status kurang nutrisi sedang dan tidak satu pun lesi tipe 2, 3, 4 terlihat pada anak dengan status nutrisi baik. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah anak dengan angular cheilitis paling banyak mengalami defisiensi nutrisi mikro vitamin B kompleks.Kata kunci: angular cheilitis, anak, defisiensi nutrisi

scholarly journals Aflatoxins in body fluids and food of Nigeria children with protein-energy malnutrition

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (53) ◽  
pp. 6553-6566
Author(s):  
GC Onyemelukwe ◽  
◽  
D Ogoina ◽  
GE Ibiam ◽  
GH Ogbadu
Keyword(s):  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Nigerian Children ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Patient Groups

Aflatoxins are natural contaminants of food crops implicated in the pathogenesis of various human diseases. This study aimed to determine the associations between aflatoxins and protein- energy malnutrition ( PEM) by measurements of aflatoxins in serum, urine and food on plate of Nigerian children with PEM. A cross - sectional study was undertaken in 3 agro - ecological regions of Nigeria (Guinea savannah, Sudan savannah and Rain forest), where aflatoxins B1 , B2, G1, G2, M1, and M2 were measured in sera, urine and food on plate of 79 children with PEM (kwashiorkor n=36, marasmic kwashiorkor n=29 and marasmus n=13) and 33 healthy controls, matched for age and sex. Among healthy controls, aflatoxin detection rates were higher in the Guinea Savannah (72.2%) than in the Sudan Savannah (53.8%), albeit statistically insignificant. In relation to nutritional groups, the rates of detection of aflatoxins were higher in marasmic kwashiorkor (93.1%) and kwashiorkor patients (88.9%) , compared to marasmus (76.9%) and controls (63.6%, p=0.013). The rates of detection of B1 aflatoxin followed a similar trend viz. marasmic kwashiorkor (82.4%), kwashiorkor (69.4%), marasmus (53.8%) and controls (42.4%, p=0.007). Of all types of aflatoxins detected in serum, M2 had the highest rates of detection in all patient groups and controls. The median concentrations of aflatoxins detected in sera of each PEM group were significantly higher than those of controls, but comparisons between PEM groups were not statistically significant. The frequency and concentration of aflatoxins detected in urine and food of PEM groups and controls were not statistically different. However, controls had the lowest serum / urine aflatoxin ratio as well as lowest median aflatoxins concentrations in their food as compared to PEM patient s. In conclusion, aflatoxins are commonly detected in the body fluids and food of Nigerian children , but more frequently and at higher concentrations in children with PEM , possibly due to decreased excretion or increased exposure. Future prospective studies are desirable to determine if aflatoxins contribute to the pathogenesis of all types of PEM and not necessarily kwashiorkor alone.

scholarly journals Nutritional evaluation of stage 5 chronic kidney disease patients on dialysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 130 (6) ◽  
pp. 392-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Mauro Piratelli ◽  
Rodolpho Telarolli Junior
Keyword(s):  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Chronic Kidney Failure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Severe Malnutrition ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Nutritional Monitoring ◽  
The Ideal

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Patients with chronic kidney failure undergoing dialysis have high prevalence of protein-energy malnutrition. There is still no uniform method for assessing these patients' nutritional status. It is recommended that a set of subjective and objective methods should be applied so that an adequate nutritional diagnosis can be reached. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional profile of patients undergoing hemodialysis. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study conducted in the Dialysis Treatment Unit, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil, in 2008. METHODS: Anthropometric and biochemical indicators were characterized for 48 patients who also gave responses to the modified Subjective Global Assessment questionnaire (SGAm), and possible correlations between these indicators were investigated. RESULTS: The frequency of moderate or severe malnutrition ranged from 22% to 54%, according to the parameter used. Regarding the patients' conformity with the ideal weight, 29% of them weighed less than 75% of the ideal, and thus were classified as having moderate or severe malnutrition. The most significant correlations were observed between body mass index (BMI) and the idealness of triceps skinfold (TSF), upper arm circumference (UAC) and upper arm muscle circumference (UAMC); and between SGAm and the idealness of UAC and UAMC. CONCLUSION: The frequency of malnutrition showed great variability among the patients, according to the evaluation criterion chosen. Routine nutritional monitoring and validation of methods for assessing body composition among such patients are extremely important for diagnosing malnutrition early on, thus preventing complications and reducing the morbidity and mortality rates in this population.

scholarly journals Role of Serum Alanine Aminotransferase Aspartate Aminotransferase and Alkaline Phosphatase in Early Detection of Protein Energy Malnutrition

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-72
Author(s):  
K Karmacharya ◽  
MN Islam
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Grade Ii

Objective: Although Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) has been studied extensively; the best criteria for its detection in early stages have not been established. This study was carried out to observe the change in transaminases, alkaline phosphatase levels when compared with control and also to see their relationships with various grades of PEM. Then to see if certain biochemical parameters could be used to detect malnutrition in early stage. Methods: Cross sectional study between Jan 1999-Dec 2000,124 children from 5 months to 5 years were included in the study. Out of 124 children 98 (79%) were cases and 26 (21%) normal age matched healthy controls. Cases were divided into groups as per Gomez classification (Group 1-Grade I PEM, 37;Group 2- Grade II PEM, 34; Group 3- Grade III PEM27; and Group 4 26 Healthy controls). Three serum enzymes, Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) was analyzed and for statistical analysis student's "t" test was used. Results: The mean serum values +SD of ALT (Grade I PEM-41.40 +13.25,Grade II PEM-31.53+10.6,GradeIIIPEM-33.77+12.45,Control-23.11+8.73) and Aspartate aminotransferase (Grade I PEM-42.8+11.06,Grade II PEM 31.47+8.32,GradeIII PEM 35.00+10.86, Control-25.42+8.77) in patients with PEM were significantly (p

scholarly journals Relationship between protein energy malnutrition and urinary tract infection in children

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Arief Wijaya Rosli ◽  
Syarifuddin Rauf ◽  
J. S. Lisal ◽  
Husein Albar ◽  
Dasril Daud
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
The Relationship

Background Urinary tract infections (UTI) is a common healthproblem in children. Its occurrence depends on several predis-posing factors and individual immunocompetence. Childrenwith protein energy malnutrition (PEM) have impaired immunefunction. Thus early detection and prompt treatment of associatedinfections in children with PEM are very important.Objective To determine the relationship between PEM and theoccurrence of UTI in children.Methods This cross sectional study conducted in Dr. Wahidin Sud-irohusodo Hospital and Labuang Baji General Hospital, Makassarbetween March 1, 2007 and June 30, 2007. The target populationincluded PEM patients aged 2 to 5 years. Well-nourished patientsmatched for age and sex were selected for control group.Results Out of 220 patients, 25 had UTI consisted of 12 malesand 13 females. Eighteen of them had PEM and 7 were well-nourished subjects. There was a statistical significant difference(P=0.019) in the occurrence of UTI between children with PEMand in well- nourished children. The relationship between PEMand UTI as determined by prevalence ratio value (PR) was 2.6with 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.1 to 5.9, suggested therisk of getting UTI was 2.6 times higher in children with PEM ascompared to normal controls.Conclusions The frequency of UTI in PEM was 16.4%. Chil-dren with PEM have the risk of getting UTI 2.6 times higheras compared to well-nourished children

scholarly journals Prevalence of protein energy malnutrition among children: a cross sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 329
Author(s):  
Venkatesha K. R. ◽  
R. Ravikumar Naik
Keyword(s):  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Global Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Protein Energy

Background: In the world, hunger and malnutrition are most significant threat. Malnutrition is global risk factor for significant death among infants and pregnant woman. malnutrition increases the chances of several infections.Methods: A cross sectional study was undertaken in children age group of 1 to 18 years, suffering from protein energy malnutrition, attending Department of Paediatrics, tertiary care hospital, Bangalore during the period January 2016 to December 2016. Results: In the present study, maximum number of cases (44) belongs to age group of 1-5 years, followed by 32 cases belongs to 6-12-year age group and 24 cases belong to 13-18-year age group. Maximum cases (59) belongs to female with male female ratio is 1:1.4. In the present study out of 100 cases, 81 cases came positive for protein energy malnutrition. Out of 81 cases positive for PEM, 34 cases belong to grade I followed by 24 cases belongs to grade II, 13 cases belong to grade III and 1o cases belongs to grade IV protein-energy malnutrition (PEM).Conclusions: Malnutrition is like an iceberg, most people in the developing countries live under the burden of malnutrition.

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