THE UTILITY OF CROSS-SECTIONAL MEASUREMENTS OF WEIGHT AND LENGTH FOR AGE IN SCREENING FOR GROWTH FAILURE (CHRONIC MALNUTRITION) AND CLINICALLY SEVERE PROTEIN-ENERGY MALNUTRITION

1983 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 867-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. O. SCHOLL ◽  
F. E. JOHNSTON ◽  
J. CRAVIOTO ◽  
E. R. DeLICARDIE
Keyword(s):  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Growth Failure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chronic Malnutrition ◽  
Protein Energy

scholarly journals Aflatoxins in body fluids and food of Nigeria children with protein-energy malnutrition

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (53) ◽  
pp. 6553-6566
Author(s):  
GC Onyemelukwe ◽  
◽  
D Ogoina ◽  
GE Ibiam ◽  
GH Ogbadu
Keyword(s):  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Nigerian Children ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Patient Groups

Aflatoxins are natural contaminants of food crops implicated in the pathogenesis of various human diseases. This study aimed to determine the associations between aflatoxins and protein- energy malnutrition ( PEM) by measurements of aflatoxins in serum, urine and food on plate of Nigerian children with PEM. A cross - sectional study was undertaken in 3 agro - ecological regions of Nigeria (Guinea savannah, Sudan savannah and Rain forest), where aflatoxins B1 , B2, G1, G2, M1, and M2 were measured in sera, urine and food on plate of 79 children with PEM (kwashiorkor n=36, marasmic kwashiorkor n=29 and marasmus n=13) and 33 healthy controls, matched for age and sex. Among healthy controls, aflatoxin detection rates were higher in the Guinea Savannah (72.2%) than in the Sudan Savannah (53.8%), albeit statistically insignificant. In relation to nutritional groups, the rates of detection of aflatoxins were higher in marasmic kwashiorkor (93.1%) and kwashiorkor patients (88.9%) , compared to marasmus (76.9%) and controls (63.6%, p=0.013). The rates of detection of B1 aflatoxin followed a similar trend viz. marasmic kwashiorkor (82.4%), kwashiorkor (69.4%), marasmus (53.8%) and controls (42.4%, p=0.007). Of all types of aflatoxins detected in serum, M2 had the highest rates of detection in all patient groups and controls. The median concentrations of aflatoxins detected in sera of each PEM group were significantly higher than those of controls, but comparisons between PEM groups were not statistically significant. The frequency and concentration of aflatoxins detected in urine and food of PEM groups and controls were not statistically different. However, controls had the lowest serum / urine aflatoxin ratio as well as lowest median aflatoxins concentrations in their food as compared to PEM patient s. In conclusion, aflatoxins are commonly detected in the body fluids and food of Nigerian children , but more frequently and at higher concentrations in children with PEM , possibly due to decreased excretion or increased exposure. Future prospective studies are desirable to determine if aflatoxins contribute to the pathogenesis of all types of PEM and not necessarily kwashiorkor alone.

scholarly journals Prevalence of nutritional deficiencies among school going adolescents of Vadodara, Gujarat, India: a cross sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1767
Author(s):  
Ashish Shamjibhai Bhalsod ◽  
Nisarg N. Dave ◽  
Nilesh Thakor
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Complex Deficiency ◽  
Fatty Acid Deficiency

Background: Adolescent constitutes over 23% of the population in India. Critical development occurs during adolescence period. Growth spurt and increase in physical activity during adolescent period increases the nutrition and health needs of the adolescent. Objective was to study prevalence of nutritional deficiencies among school going adolescents of Vadodara city, Gujarat.Methods: The study was carried during period from September 2018 to August 2019. After taking the permission of principals of 3 schools and consent of the parents of adolescents, 511 adolescents from 3 schools of Vadodara city were examined for signs of various nutritional deficiencies. The data was collected by predesign, pretested proforma and analyzed using SPSS 17.0 (Trial Version).Results: Out of total 511 adolescents 253(49.5%) were female. Mean age of the study adolescents was 15.6±1.81 years. Maximum numbers of the adolescents were in the age group of 10-14 years (60.3%). Mean age of female and male adolescents was 15.2±1.71 years and 15.6±2.01 years respectively. The study revealed that vitamin A deficiency was present in 38(7.4%) adolescents. Vitamin B complex deficiency signs were seen in 112(21.9%) adolescents. Vitamin C deficiency signs were seen in 43(8.4%) adolescents. Protein Energy Malnutrition was observed in 52(10.1%) adolescents. Essential fatty acid deficiency was observed in 56(10.9%) adolescents.Conclusions: High prevalence of nutritional deficiencies among these adolescents needs great attention and health education.

Nutritional assessment

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Puntis
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Growth Failure ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
Routine Assessment

Routine assessment of nutritional status should be part of normal practice when seeing any patient. The purpose is to document objective nutritional parameters (e.g. anthropometry), identify nutritional deficiencies, and establish nutritional needs. Protein–energy malnutrition has many adverse consequences including growth failure (identified by reference to standard growth charts). Worldwide, malnutrition contributes to a third of deaths in children under 5 years of age, and one in nine people don’t have enough food to lead an active and healthy life. In developed countries, malnutrition complicates both acute and chronic illness with negative effects on outcomes. In clinical practice, a useful approach to nutritional assessment is to consider three elements: ‘what you are’ (i.e. body habitus—underweight for height; short for age; etc.), ‘what you can do’ (functional activity), and ‘what you eat’ (current nutritional intake).

scholarly journals RISK FACTORS OF PROTEIN-ENERGY MALNUTRITION DEFICIENCY AMONG CHILDREN UNDER FIVE YEARS AT MUSI INTERNAL DISPLACED PERSONS CAMP HOUSEHOLD SURVEY – NYALA LOCALITY – SOUTH DARFUR STATE 2011

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
M.Hussein Ahmed ◽  
Dawria Adam ◽  
Abdelbasit. M. Burma Salim ◽  
Belal Abdallah
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Protein Energy

We  conduct  this  study  to  study risk factors of   protein energy malnutrition  Among Children Under Five years .This  study was conducted in Nyala  Locality in south  Darfur  State in  Sudan. Cross-sectional descriptive study to measure the Prevalence of protein energy malnutrition. This study designed to cover (n=402 child).

scholarly journals KADAR TRIGLISERIDA DAN STATUS GIZI PADA KLIEN TUBERKULOSIS

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Noor Diani ◽  
Devi Rahmayanti
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstrak Tuberkulosis (TBC) mengakibatkan penurunan asupan dan malabsorbsi nutrien serta metabolisme tubuh berubah sehingga terjadi massa otot dan lemak menurun akibat mekanisme malnutrisi dari energi protein. Malnutrisi pada TBC berpengaruh terhadap prognosis dan tingkat kematian. Peningkatan produksi IFNl- γ dan IL-6, TNF α menghambat dari aktivitas Lipo Protein Lipase (LPL) dijaringan lemak. Enzim LPL berperan dalam proses bersihan trigliserida. Peningkatan ini meningkatkan trigliserida sehingga proses sintesis lemak menurun dan proses lipolisis lemak meningkat di jaringan. Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis hubungan trigliserida dan status gizi pada klien TBC. Metode penelitian ini korelasi analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional, sampel 25 orang, dengan uji korelasi Pearson-Product Moment. Hasil penelitian status gizi dibawah normal 56%, normal 40% dan kelebihan berat badan 4%. Kadar Trigliserida normal 84%, trigliserida tinggi 16%. Kesimpulan ada hubungan antara kadar trigliserida dan status gizi yakni r hitung sebesar 0,5: r tabel = 0,396 sehingga r hitung > r tabel dengan korelasi positif.Kata Kunci : Trigliserida, Status Gizi, Tuberkulosis.AbstractTuberculosis(TB) resulting the decreasing of nutrient intake and malabsorbsi as well as changing the metabolism of the body. The wasthing are decreased protein energy. Malnutrition on TB affects the prognosis of the treatment and death rates. The increase TNF α will inhibit the enzyme activity of Lipoprotein Lipase (LPL) in the fat tissue. LPL enzyme plays a role in cleavage process of triglycerides. This research was to analyze the relationship of triglycerides and nutrition status on the client with tuberculosis. The design was cross-sectional approach. The respondents were gathered from 25 newly TB patients. The analyzed using Pearson Product-Moment correlation. The results showed 56% respondents undernutrition, and normal 40% and over nutrition 4%. Most triglyceride level of the respondent were normal (84). The concluded was a relationship between triglycerides and the nutritional status with a positive correlation ( P value 0,396).Keywords : Triglycerides, Nutritional Status, Tuberculosis

scholarly journals Asessment of protein energy malnutrition among the 6 to 59 months age children in sinkat locality red sea state

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilyas Tahani Babikir
Keyword(s):  
Red Sea ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sea State ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protein Energy

Asessment of protein energy malnutrition among the 6 to 59 months age children in sinkat locality red sea state Poor children feeding practices can lead to malnutrition which is a major public health problem in developing countries including sudan. This cross sectional study was conducted during May 2011 to May 2012 to measure the prevalence rate of PEM among children of 6-59 months age and to assess the knowledge ,attitudes of mothers towards their children nutrition. A stratified sampling techniques were used for selected 384 children . The data collected by questionnaire and anthropometric measurement for weight & height of children and then categorized according to WHO guidelines. The result revealed that the prevalence rate was 72% ,most infected age range between 1 to 3years,only (27% ) of mothers continue breast feeding when children were infected with diarrhoea, also the result indicated that there is a significant relationship between the protein energy malnutrition and age of the children and family size , also the study indicated that the persistent diarrhea or repeated attacks of acute respirotary infection, malaria and measles were underlying causes of PEM particularly for children in border line. Therefore , increasing awareness to mothers about the nutrition ,and improvement of economic status of families is recommended.

scholarly journals CONSISTENCY IN ASSESSING PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY ACCORDING TO REGIONAL AND SPECIALIZED CENTILE SCALES: A POPULATION-BASED CROSS-SECTIONAL STUD

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-228
Author(s):  
Olga P. Kovtun ◽  
Anna N. Plaksina ◽  
Elena A. Dugina
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
Motor Disorder ◽  
Motor Disorders ◽  
Healthcare Organizations ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protein Energy

Background.Children with infantile cerebral palsy (ICP) often have a physical developmental delay due to protein-energy malnutrition (PEM). The assessment of such abnormalities using different centile scales may lead to inconsistent results.Objective.Our aim was to study the consistency in assessing physical development of children with ICP using regional and specialized centile scales.Methods.The assessment of physical development with determination of the proportion of patients with PEM (weight-age and/or heightage values < 10th percentile) was carried out using regional centile scales and the Life Expectancy Project scales taking into account motor disorder levels (I–V) according to GMFCS. The assessment of motor disorders was performed by neurologists of healthcare organizations in 54 municipalities of the Sverdlovsk Region. The accounting period was from September 2016 to January 2017.Results.According to regional centile scales, PEM was identified in 272 (35.7%) children; according to the Life Expectancy Project scales — in 56 (7.4%) out of 761 children with ICP (McNemar's criterion, p < 0.001). Using regional scales the following results were registered: children with GMFCS I had PEM 5 times less than children with GMFCS V — 10 (12.5%) and 107 (66%) cases, respectively (ꭓ2criterion, p < 0.001). When assessing physical development of children with specialized scales, PEM occurred in 4 (5%) patients with GMFCS I and 18 (11.1%) with GMFCS V (p < 0.001).Conclusion.Specialized scales for assessing physical development less often indicate the presence of PEM in children with ICP. When using regional and to a much lesser extent specialized centile scales, the detection rate for PEM cases depends on the level of motor disorders.

scholarly journals Nutritional evaluation of stage 5 chronic kidney disease patients on dialysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 130 (6) ◽  
pp. 392-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Mauro Piratelli ◽  
Rodolpho Telarolli Junior
Keyword(s):  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Chronic Kidney Failure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Severe Malnutrition ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Nutritional Monitoring ◽  
The Ideal

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Patients with chronic kidney failure undergoing dialysis have high prevalence of protein-energy malnutrition. There is still no uniform method for assessing these patients' nutritional status. It is recommended that a set of subjective and objective methods should be applied so that an adequate nutritional diagnosis can be reached. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional profile of patients undergoing hemodialysis. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study conducted in the Dialysis Treatment Unit, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil, in 2008. METHODS: Anthropometric and biochemical indicators were characterized for 48 patients who also gave responses to the modified Subjective Global Assessment questionnaire (SGAm), and possible correlations between these indicators were investigated. RESULTS: The frequency of moderate or severe malnutrition ranged from 22% to 54%, according to the parameter used. Regarding the patients' conformity with the ideal weight, 29% of them weighed less than 75% of the ideal, and thus were classified as having moderate or severe malnutrition. The most significant correlations were observed between body mass index (BMI) and the idealness of triceps skinfold (TSF), upper arm circumference (UAC) and upper arm muscle circumference (UAMC); and between SGAm and the idealness of UAC and UAMC. CONCLUSION: The frequency of malnutrition showed great variability among the patients, according to the evaluation criterion chosen. Routine nutritional monitoring and validation of methods for assessing body composition among such patients are extremely important for diagnosing malnutrition early on, thus preventing complications and reducing the morbidity and mortality rates in this population.

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