Pathophysiology of noise-induced cardiovascular diseases

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 3101-3103
Author(s):  
Thomas Münzel ◽  
Mette Sørenson
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Reaction Model ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Indirect Pathway ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Acoustic Nerve ◽  
The Central Nervous System

According to the noise reaction model introduced by Babisch, two principal pathways have been theorized as being responsible for the adverse health effects of noise: a direct and an indirect pathway. The direct pathway is activated by an instantaneous interaction of the acoustic nerve with structures of the central nervous system. The indirect pathway in turn represents the cognitive perception of the sound and its subsequent cortical activation, and is related to emotional responses.

scholarly journals Drugs modulating the L-arginine:NO:cGMP pathway – current use in therapy

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Polakowska ◽  
Jolanta Orzelska-Gorka ◽  
Sylwia Talarek
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Pharmacological Profiles

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) is a relatively novel messenger that plays a significant role in a wide range of physiological processes. Currently, it is known that, both, lack and excess of NO can cause diseases, thus a lot of substances have been discovered and utilized which can change the concentration of this molecule within the organism. The aim of the present work is to provide an overview of currently used agents modulating the L-arginine:NO:cGMP pathway, as well as to summarize current understanding of their pharmacological profiles. Nowadays, most of these agents are employed particularly in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Further studies can hold promise for enhancing the therapeutic equipment for a variety of other impairments, such as osteoporosis, and also in treatments of the central nervous system.

scholarly journals EFEK APOMORFIN SUBLINGUAL PADA EREKSI PENIS

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaleb D.S. Salossa ◽  
Sonny J.R. Kalangi ◽  
Ghazaly Adam
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
Penile Erection ◽  
Sexual Stimulation ◽  
Psychosocial Therapy ◽  
Penile Erections ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Abstract: Erectile dysfunction is the disability of a male to maintain consistant or repeated penile erections sufficiently for successful sexual intercourse. Many efforts have been done to handle this condition, so far. The psychosocial therapy and several medications inter alia: testosterone, yohimbine, trazadone, direct intracavernosus injection of alprostadil, penile implantation, and  sildenafil citrate, are not always suitable for the patients’ needs, especiallly those who suffer from cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, a new erectogenic agent has been introduced, the sublingual apomorphine. This apomorphine has a dopamine-like molecule that acts on the dopamine receptors in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the central nervous system to increase the penile erection due to sexual stimulation (erotic imagination, audiovisual, or tactile). The sublingual apomorphine has been proved effective in overcoming the erectile dysfunction, especially the mild and moderate forms. Keywords: penile erection, sublingual apomorphin.     Abstrak: Telah banyak upaya dilakukan untuk mengatasi disfungsi ereksi yang merupakan ketidakmampuan seorang laki-laki secara konsisten atau berulang untuk mencapai dan mempertahankan ereksi penis yang cukup untuk melakukan hubungan seksual. Terapi psikososial dan pengobatan yang pernah diajukan seperti pemberian hormon testosteron, yohimbin, trazadon, injeksi langsung alprostadil intrakavernosa, implantasi penis serta sildenafil sitrat tidaklah selalu sesuai dengan kebutuhan penderita, khususnya penderita disfungsi ereksi dengan penyakit kardiovaskuler. Para ahli berusaha melakukan terobosan baru salah satunya adalah apomorfin sublingual yang merupakan agen erektogenik baru. Apomorfin adalah suatu molekul mirip dopamin yang bekerja pada reseptor dopamin pada paraventricular nucleus (PVN) di sistem saraf pusat untuk meningkatkan rangsangan erektil saat stimulasi seksual (imaginasi erotik, audiovisual dan perabaan) terjadi. Apomorfin sublingual terbukti efektif untuk mengatasi disfungsi ereksi, terutama disfungsi ereksi ringan dan sedang. Kata kunci: ereksi penis, apomorfin sublingual.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of development of cardiovascular diseases in age-related disorders of the nervous system

2016 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 598-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
V N Shvalev ◽  
V P Reutov ◽  
V B Sergienko ◽  
A N Rogoza ◽  
V P Masenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Prospects for the development of the nervism doctrine in Kazan are related to the continuation of the main scientific fields specific to Kazan medical schools - studying phylo-ontogenesis of the nervous system and the importance of its violations in the development of main diseases using the latest methods. The age-related transformations of the human cardiovascular system innervation in the pre- and postnatal ontogenesis in normal conditions and in major cardiovascular diseases are under study. It was found that the relationship between the human brain and heart during the first 30-40 years of life are characterized by optimally high activity, but then, along with age-related changes in the neurons of the central nervous system there is a decrease in activity of the somatic part of the peripheral nervous system. As morphofunctional studies showed, it is partially related to a decrease in the content of neurotransmitters in the sympathetic plexus of the heart and blood vessels. A concept on the mediator stage of the autonomic nervous system ontogenesis is formulating, it was revealed that the fetal period, along with the differentiation of the central nervous system, is characterized by the beginning of mediator stage of the autonomic nervous system, the phenomenon of early involution of its sympathetic part in normal conditions and in different types of cardiovascular pathology is described. Neurohistochemical data are compared with the results of heart rate variability in healthy individuals and in hypertensive disease. The original data on the nitric oxide synthase content in cardiac nervous system in healthy individuals and in ischemic heart disease are given, the prospects of immunocytochemistry studies of central and peripheral nervous system in age aspect and in major cardiovascular diseases are outlined.

scholarly journals Ultrafine particles (UFP) and health effects. Dangerous. Like no other PM? Review and analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-452 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Ultrafine Particles ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Human Anatomy ◽  
Particle Exposure ◽  
Suspended Particulate ◽  
System P ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The goal of the current review is to present and analyze the known information proposed and discussed the last few years about UFP and their possible health effects. It includes references from 1992 to 2008. It also includes references from some fundamental studies in the 1970's and 1980's. The review and analysis of the health hazards induced by ultrafine particle exposure focuses on the; classification and characteristics of suspended particulate matter (PM), features and properties of PM and, specifically, ultrafine particles (UFP), the UFP movement and translocation from exposure sources in the environment to the human body and the ways of absorption and deposition within the human anatomy. Also, an extensive review of epidemiological, clinical and toxicology studies concerning possible health effects of UFP, is included. Finally, the most recent studies suggesting extrapulmonary effects and, especially, on the brain and central nervous system. Results have shown that there is significant analogy between UFP exposure and related adverse health effect risk in human beings. Cardiovascular and pulmonary systems seem to be the main targets of this exposure. New evidence shows accumulation of UFP in regions of the cerebellum, olfactory bulb and other areas of the central nervous system.

Phenolic compounds that cross the blood–brain barrier exert positive health effects as central nervous system antioxidants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dafne Velásquez-Jiménez ◽  
Diana A. Corella-Salazar ◽  
B. Shain Zuñiga-Martínez ◽  
J. Abraham Domínguez-Avila ◽  
Marcelino Montiel-Herrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Transport Mechanisms ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The ability of phenolic compounds to cross the blood–brain barrier and reach the central nervous system is discussed. There are knowledge gaps that require additional experimentation, such as inconclusive transport mechanisms and lack of human data.

Effects of Hyperoxia on Lung Utrastructure

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
Gladys Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Oxygen Effects ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Space Age ◽  
Alveolar Septa ◽  
Extensive Damage

With the advent of the space age and the need to determine the requirements for a space cabin atmosphere, oxygen effects came into increased importance, even though these effects have been the subject of continuous research for many years. In fact, Priestly initiated oxygen research when in 1775 he published his results of isolating oxygen and described the effects of breathing it on himself and two mice, the only creatures to have had the “privilege” of breathing this “pure air”.Early studies had demonstrated the central nervous system effects at pressures above one atmosphere. Light microscopy revealed extensive damage to the lungs at one atmosphere. These changes which included perivascular and peribronchial edema, focal hemorrhage, rupture of the alveolar septa, and widespread edema, resulted in death of the animal in less than one week. The severity of the symptoms differed between species and was age dependent, with young animals being more resistant.

Emigration of neutrophils in the central nervous system

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 788-789
Author(s):  
John L.Beggs ◽  
John D. Waggener ◽  
Wanda Miller ◽  
Jane Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Arterial Perfusion ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Intracisternal Injection ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
Interendothelial Junctions

Studies using mesenteric and ear chamber preparations have shown that interendothelial junctions provide the route for neutrophil emigration during inflammation. The term emigration refers to the passage of white blood cells across the endothelium from the vascular lumen. Although the precise pathway of transendo- thelial emigration in the central nervous system (CNS) has not been resolved, the presence of different physiological and morphological (tight junctions) properties of CNS endothelium may dictate alternate emigration pathways.To study neutrophil emigration in the CNS, we induced meningitis in guinea pigs by intracisternal injection of E. coli bacteria.In this model, leptomeningeal inflammation is well developed by 3 hr. After 3 1/2 hr, animals were sacrificed by arterial perfusion with 3% phosphate buffered glutaraldehyde. Tissues from brain and spinal cord were post-fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in alcohols and propylene oxide, and embedded in Epon. Thin serial sections were cut with diamond knives and examined in a Philips 300 electron microscope.

Mammalian Bone Marrow Acetylcholinesterase

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 44-45
Author(s):  
Ezzatollah Keyhani
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Extracellular Medium ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Common ◽  
Mammalian Bone

Acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) (ACHE) has been localized at cholinergic junctions both in the central nervous system and at the periphery and it functions in neurotransmission. ACHE was also found in other tissues without involvement in neurotransmission, but exhibiting the common property of transporting water and ions. This communication describes intracellular ACHE in mammalian bone marrow and its secretion into the extracellular medium.

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