Cancer survivorship and work

2019 ◽  
pp. 660-681
Author(s):  
Philip Wynn ◽  
Elizabeth Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Survivorship ◽  
Work Ability ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Late Complications ◽  
Working Age ◽  
The Common ◽  
Healthcare Interventions ◽  
Long Term Impact

The success of healthcare interventions in increasing survival rates of patients with the common cancers is one of the major achievements of modern medicine. Nevertheless, these conditions and their treatment, even with successful treatment outcomes, are recognized to lead to significant morbidity in some 25% of survivors. As diseases largely of age, the common cancers will increasingly be seen in working age populations as both survival and retirement ages in many countries increase. The challenges for those survivors developing immediate and enduring or late complications of treatment will increasingly be manifest in the proportion of workers experiencing consequent impairment of work ability. This chapter explores the nature of the potential long-term impact of cancer survivorship on work ability and the strategies and evidence base for workplace interventions seeking to mitigate these effects.

scholarly journals Achieving ‘Marginal Gains’ to Optimise Outcomes in Resectable Pancreatic Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1669
Author(s):  
Sarah Powell-Brett ◽  
Rupaly Pande ◽  
Keith J. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Enhanced Recovery ◽  
Perioperative Complications ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Preoperative Biliary Drainage ◽  
Resectable Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Exocrine Insufficiency ◽  
Pancreatic Exocrine ◽  
Considerable Benefit

Improving outcomes among patients with resectable pancreatic cancer is one of the greatest challenges of modern medicine. Major improvements in survival will result from the development of novel therapies. However, optimising existing pathways, so that patients realise benefits of already proven treatments, presents a clear opportunity to improve outcomes in the short term. This narrative review will focus on treatments and interventions where there is a clear evidence base to improve outcomes in pancreatic cancer, and where there is also evidence of variation and under-treatment. Avoidance of preoperative biliary drainage, treatment of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency, prehabiliation and enhanced recovery after surgery, reducing perioperative complications, optimising opportunities for elderly patients to receive therapy, optimising adjuvant chemotherapy and regular surveillance after surgery are some of the strategies discussed. Each treatment or pathway change represents an opportunity for marginal gain. Accumulation of marginal gains can result in considerable benefit to patients. Given that these interventions already have evidence base, they can be realised quickly and economically.

Recovery colleges: long-term impact and mechanisms of change

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly Thompson ◽  
Laura Simonds ◽  
Sylvie Barr ◽  
Sara Meddings
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
College Attendance ◽  
Personal Recovery ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Educational Paradigm ◽  
Long Term Impact

Purpose Recovery Colleges are an innovative approach which adopt an educational paradigm and use clinician and lived experience to support students with their personal recovery. They demonstrate recovery-orientated practice and their transformative role has been evidenced within mental health services. The purpose of this study is to explore how past students understand the influence of the Recovery College on their on-going recovery journey. Design/methodology/approach An exploratory, qualitative design was used and semi-structured interviews took place with 15 participants. Data was analysed using the “framework method” and inductive processes. Findings All participants discussed gains made following Recovery College attendance that were sustained at one year follow-up. Three themes emerged from the data: Ethos of recovery and equality; Springboard to opportunities; and Intrapersonal changes. Originality/value This research explores students’ experiences a year after attendance. This contrasts to most research which is completed immediately post course. This study contributes to the emergent evidence base highlighting the longitudinal positive impact of Recovery Colleges. This study is of value to those interested in recovery-oriented models within mental health. Recovery Colleges are gaining traction nationally and internationally and this research highlights processes underlying this intervention which is of importance to those developing new Recovery Colleges.

Some Issues of Morbidity with Temporary Incapacity for Work in the Ural Federal District

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
AS Shastin ◽  
VG Gazimova ◽  
OL Malykh ◽  
TS Ustyugova ◽  
TM Tsepilova
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Statistical Information ◽  
Working Age ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Common ◽  
Working Age Population

Introduction: In the context of a decreasing size of the working-age population, monitoring of the health status and disease incidence in this cohort shall be one of the most important tasks of public and occupational health professionals. Health risk management for the working population in the Russian Federation requires complete and reliable data on its morbidity, especially in view of the fact that its average age demonstrates a stable growth. It is, therefore, crucial to have precise and consistent information about the morbidity of the working-age population. Objective: The study aimed to assess incidence rates of diseases with temporary incapacity for work in the constituent entities of the Ural Federal District of the Russian Federation. Materials and methods: We reviewed data on disease incidence rates published by the Federal State Statistics Service in the Common Interdepartmental System of Statistical Information, Section 15.12, Causes of Temporary Disability, and Section 2.9.I.4, Federal Project for Public Health Promotion. The constituent entities under study were ranked according to the number of cases and days of temporary incapacity per 100 workers and E.L. Notkin scale was used to determine grade the incidence. The statistical analysis was performed using STATISTICA 10 software. Long-term average values of certain indicators, median values, standard deviation (σ) and coefficients of variation were estimated. The difference in the indices was assessed using the Mann-Whitney test. Results: Compared to 2010, incidence rates of diseases with temporary incapacity for work in the constituent entities of the Ural Federal District in 2019 demonstrated a significant decline. The sharp drop was observed in 2015. We also established that the Common Interdepartmental System of Statistical Information contains contradictory information on disease incidence. Conclusion: It is expedient to consider the issue of revising guidelines for organization of federal statistical monitoring of morbidity with temporary incapacity for work and to include this indicator in the system of public health monitoring.

Die Medizin der Gegenwart in Selbstdarstellungen

1930 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-99
Author(s):  
K. Rieger
Keyword(s):  
Publishing House ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
The Common ◽  
Scientific Ideas

Bibliography and reviews. F. Meiner Publishing House in Leipzig publishes a series: Modern medicine in the autoimaging of its representatives . The idea of ​​the publishing house is quite original and very fruitful. Each outstanding specialist in his field gives something like his own autobibliography, talking about his scientific activity, about the development of his scientific ideas, about his achievements and about his contribution to the common treasury of science. Psychiatrists also take part in this series, and the last to give his autobibliography in 1929 was the Wrzburg psychiatrist Konrad Rieger.

LONG-TERM RESULTS AND LATE COMPLICATIONS AFTER INTRACAVITARY YTTRIUM-90 COLLOID IRRADIATION OF RECURRENT CYSTIC CRANIOPHARYNGIOMAS

Neurosurgery ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenö Julow ◽  
Erik-Olof Backlund ◽  
Ferenc Lányi ◽  
Márta Hajda ◽  
Katalin Bálint ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Late Complications ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Actuarial Survival ◽  
Valuable Treatment ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery Injury ◽  
Beta Dose ◽  
Anatomic Localization ◽  
Yttrium 90

Abstract OBJECTIVE Data were analyzed to assess the value of stereotactically applied intracystic colloidal yttrium-90 (YTx) for the treatment of recurrent cystic craniopharyngiomas during a 30-year period. METHODS This article compares data from 73 YTx procedures in 60 patients between 1975 and 2006. The cumulative beta dose aimed at the inner surface of the cyst wall was 300 Gy. RESULTS After YTx, the initial cyst volumes decreased an average of 79%. In 47, the reduction was more than 80%; in 27 of them, the cyst disappeared completely within 1 year. The mean survival after YTx was 9.4 years (range, 0.7–30 yr). Actuarial survival rates at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 years were 81, 61, 45, 18, 2, and 0%, respectively. Late complications of YTx were related to the anatomic localization of the cyst, either presellar and retrosellar, e.g., a presellar (prechiasmatic/suprasellar) localization caused neuro-ophthalmological complications in 5.8% and internal carotid artery injury in 1.6%. The treatment of retrosellar (retrochiasmatic, suprasellar) tumors occasionally induced hypothalamic and/or pontomesencephalothalamic damage obviously by untoward radiation to the so-called perforating arteries. This occurred in 3.2% of these latter patients. CONCLUSION Despite sporadic complications, intracavitary YTx irradiation is a valuable treatment alternative for craniopharyngioma cysts, sometimes as part of a multimodality management in these tumors, especially in precarious surgical cases.

scholarly journals Generation of a Mutant Population for TILLING Common Bean Genotype BAT 93

2009 ◽  
Vol 134 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy G. Porch ◽  
Matthew W. Blair ◽  
Patricia Lariguet ◽  
Carlos Galeano ◽  
Clive E. Pankhurst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Reverse Genetics ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Mutant Population ◽  
Important Target ◽  
Treated Seed ◽  
Bean Genotype ◽  
Common Bean Genotype ◽  
The Common ◽  
Phenotypic Mutation

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is the major food legume worldwide, making it an important target for novel approaches of genetic analysis. This study evaluated the use of ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) for the generation of a mutant population for targeted induced local lesions in genomes (TILLING) in common bean. TILLING is a powerful reverse genetics approach that uses a large mutant population for identification of mutants in loci of interest. Based on overall survival, development, and yield of treated seed, 40 mm EMS was found to be an appropriate concentration for the generation of a mutant population in common bean genotype BAT 93. Higher concentrations of EMS resulted in survival rates of less than 10% and lower concentrations resulted in the generation of fewer mutants. Based on TILLING results from other species, a population of 5000 lines is estimated to be sufficient for saturation of the common bean genome. Phenotypic mutation frequencies and the isolation of targeted mutations in the BAT 93 mutant population indicate that mutagenesis was effective.

scholarly journals COVID-19, food insecurity, and diet-related diseases: Can syndemic theory inform effective responses? A case study

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-71
Author(s):  
J. Robin Moon ◽  
Craig Willingham ◽  
Shqipe Gjevukaj ◽  
Nicholas Freudenberg
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Food System ◽  
Municipal Government ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
The Common ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Syndemic Theory

New York City was hit hard by the COVID-19 pandemic. Although the immediate health burden was devastating, we posit that its long-term impact will be even greater, because the rapid spread of COVID-19 both depended on and exacerbated other deep-seated inequities related to food and broader living conditions. Using the Bronx as a case study, we explore the intersection of the pandemic with two other persistent problems: food insecurity and diet-related diseases, a constellation we label the COVID-Food Syndemic. Syndemic theory focuses on the common causes and biological and social interactions between two or more health problems. We hypothesize that with its focus on the common social causes of ill health, this approach can inform and strengthen the synergies between community-based, activist-driven solutions and municipal government responses, thus reducing the burden of ill health in the Bronx. We suggest that combining these two approaches can more fully mobilize the social changes that are needed in the food system and beyond to interrupt the fundamental drivers of this syndemic and capitalize on the respective strengths of government, civil society, and activists.

scholarly journals Application of Different Imaging Methods in the Early Diagnosis of Primary Hepatic Carcinoma

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin’ai Wu ◽  
Jianbo Li ◽  
Cheng Wang ◽  
Guojian Zhang ◽  
Na Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Hepatic Carcinoma ◽  
Imaging Methods ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Ultrasound Computed Tomography ◽  
Primary Hepatic Carcinoma ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One

Primary hepatic carcinoma (PHC) is the one of the most common tumors and the common cause of cancer death in the world. Detecting PHC in its early stage by imaging methods may greatly increase survival rates of patients. Ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography/computed tomography are common imaging methods in the diagnosis of PHC. In this paper, the application of different imaging methods in diagnosing the primary hepatic carcinoma will be discussed.

Early and late complications of stroke

2020 ◽  
pp. 231-248
Author(s):  
Ganesh Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Late Complications ◽  
Medical Complications ◽  
Medical Complication ◽  
Stroke Mortality ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Patient Dependency ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Common ◽  
Complications Of Stroke

‘Early and late complications of stroke’ refers to the medical complications of acute stroke and the importance of these in the context of the outcome, morbidity, dependency, and mortality in these individuals. It explores the temporal profile of these complications. Infections, neurological, cardiac, pulmonary, gastrointestinal urinary, thrombotic, spasticity, sexual, and perceptual complications are described. A quarter of all stroke patients suffer at least one serious medical complication (defined as prolonged, immediately life-threatening, or resulting in hospitalization or death). Approximately 85% of patients suffered from a medical complication during their hospital stay. Depression, emotionalism, and anxiety are the common psychological syndromes encountered. Long-term complications are related to patient dependency and duration after stroke. Medical complications account for approximately half of stroke mortality.

Cancer survivorship and work

2013 ◽  
pp. 621-638
Author(s):  
Philip Wynn ◽  
Shirley D’Sa
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Cancer Survivorship ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Occupational Health Services ◽  
Occupational Physicians ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Work Capability

About 5 per cent of the overall UK cancer burden can be attributed to occupational exposures. However, occupational physicians in clinical practice are most likely to be called upon to support and advise employed patients with non-occupational cancers. Support services in the UK are being reconfigured to help the growing population of cancer survivors to live full and active lives for extended periods. Returning to the workplace is a part of this goal, and occupational physicians are likely to see increasing numbers of adults seeking still to work after treatment for conditions that in the past would have led to ill health-related retirement. Set against these improvements in clinical outcome, and the increasing emphasis on support for patients who achieve long-term survival, is evidence that many working-age adults treated for the common cancers subsequently encounter financial and occupational difficulties. People with cancer often experience a loss in income as a result of their condition. Thus, although most working adults diagnosed with primary cancer return to work, a significant minority do not. Cancer is increasingly seen as an illness that can be effectively treated, but functional outcomes vary considerably. Cancer survivorship is considered to encompass people who are undergoing primary treatment, in remission following treatment, show no symptoms of the disease following treatment, or are living with active or advanced cancer. Occupational physicians may be requested to assess work capability and provide advice on workplace support for cancer survivors in any of the survivorship states. In the UK, 98 per cent of public sector and 30 per cent of private sector employers have access to occupational health services. Employers will normally seek guidance from these services on how to manage employees who have developed a serious illness such as cancer. This means that occupational physicians can be in a key position to coordinate the vocational rehabilitation of cancer survivors. This chapter offers an overview of the evidence on work capability, rehabilitation, and occupational risk assessment that may apply to adults diagnosed with a range of cancers.

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