Risk for suicidal behaviour in personality disorders

2021 ◽  
pp. 311-318
Author(s):  
Barbara Stanley ◽  
Raksha Kandlur ◽  
Jennifer Jones
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Substance Dependence ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Interpersonal Distress ◽  
Schizoid Personality Disorder

While it is well known that depression, substance dependence, and schizophrenia are strongly associated with suicide, personality disorder also confers a significant risk, but has been consistently understudied. Borderline personality disorder has been consistently associated with suicide risk; additionally, antisocial personality disorder, and avoidant personality disorder have also been found to have a significant risk but has received little research attention. Research also hints at the possibility that schizoid personality disorder and narcissistic personality disorder could increase the risk for suicide as well. Importantly, stressful life events, such as those involving interpersonal distress and loss, confer a significant risk for those with personality disorders, possibly due to poor coping strategies. Reliable instruments with good psychometric properties need to be established that are sensitive to detecting axis II personality disorders. This text reviews the literature on risk factors and treatment approaches to suicidal behaviour in personality disorders.

Compulsions and Personality Disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-97
Author(s):  
Mara Luiza Vieira Ceroni ◽  
Cláudia Abude
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Schizoid Personality ◽  
Schizoid Personality Disorder ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

This article proposes a reflection on the possible causes and diagnosis of people involved in violent shootings. The policies for prevention of those social tragedies remain somewhat controversial and vaguely addressed, lacking theoretical attention (Rocque & Duwe, 2018). One of the main diagnoses involved in those cases, according to literature, is Schizoid Personality Disorder-SPD with characteristics of detachment, isolation and difficulties of contact with other human beings (DSM-5, 2013). The loss of capacity to establish social relationships and intimacy hamper and may sometimes impede a psychological treatment based on connection possibilities. Juvenile violence statistics increased dramatically in the last 50 years and because of this, early diagnosis is important for the prevention and treatment of these cases. At the same time, further research and case studies are a pressing need (Rocque, 2017). For diagnosed SPD patients, Bioenergetics Analysis stands out in a scenario in which rapprochement and contact are a priority, also as an approach that is open to new care techniques and alternatives investigations in helping people to open their hearts to life and love. If this objective is not achieved, the outcome, according to Lowen (1991) is tragic.

Pattern of Comorbidity Among Anxious and Odd Personality Disorders: The Case of Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 23-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Rossi ◽  
Maria Grazia Marinangeli ◽  
Giancarlo Butti ◽  
Artemis Kalyvoka ◽  
Concetta Petruzzi
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Cluster A ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the pattern of comorbidity among obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) and other personality disorders (PDs) in a sample of 400 psychiatric inpatients. PDs were assessed using the Semistructured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Personality Disorders (SCID-II). Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated to determine significant comorbidity among OCPD and other axis II disorders. The most elevated odds ratios were found for the cooccurrence of OCPD with cluster A PDs (the “odd” PDs, or paranoid and schizoid PDs). These results are consistent with those of previous studies showing a higher cooccurrence of OCPD with cluster A than with cluster C (“anxious”) PDs. In light of these observations, issues associated with the nosologic status of OCPD within the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders clustering system remain unsettled.

Treatment Outlines for Paranoid, Schizotypal and Schizoid Personality Disorders

1990 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Schizoid Personality ◽  
Schizoid Personality Disorder

Treatment outlines for paranoid, schizotypal and schizoid personality disorders were developed by having nominated experts consider their own views in the light of the treatment literature and the responses of practising psychiatrists. In the detailed recommendations it is clear that while patients with all three disorders often present for treatment in a crisis and often see no issue other than the resolution of the crisis, patients with schizoid personality disorder can use long-term psychotherapy to develop and change to the extent of no longer being handicapped.

scholarly journals DSM-IV Axis II personality disorders and suicide and attempted suicide in China

2016 ◽  
Vol 209 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongsheng Tong ◽  
Michael R. Phillips ◽  
Kenneth R. Conner
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Clinical Interviews ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Dsm Iv

BackgroundThere are meagre data on Axis II personality disorders and suicidal behaviour in China.AimsTo describe the prevalence of Axis II personality disorders in suicides and suicide attempts in China and to estimate risk for these outcomes associated with personality disorders.MethodPeople who died by suicide (n = 151), people who attempted suicide (n = 118) and living community controls (n = 140) were randomly sampled from four Chinese counties and studied using the Structured Clinical Interviews for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders (SCID-I) and Axis II Personality Disorders (SCID-II). We also determined the prevalence of subthreshold versions of ten DSM-IV personality disorders.ResultsAxis II personality disorders were present in 7% of the suicide group, 6% of the suicide attempt group and 1% of the control group. Threshold and subthreshold personality disorders had adjusted odds ratios (point estimates) in the range of 2.7–8.0 for suicide and for suicide attempts.ConclusionsAxis II personality disorders may confer increased risk for suicidal behaviour in China, but their low prevalence in the community and among people with suicidal behaviour suggests that other personality constructs such as select dimensional traits may be a more fruitful avenue for understanding and preventing suicide in China.

scholarly journals Social domain dysfunction and disorganization in borderline personality disorder

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hill ◽  
P. Pilkonis ◽  
J. Morse ◽  
U. Feske ◽  
S. Reynolds ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Standardized Assessments ◽  
Social Dysfunction ◽  
Social Domain ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Social Domains

BackgroundSocial dysfunction in personality disorder is commonly ascribed to abnormal temperamental traits but may also reflect deficits in social processing. In this study, we examined whether borderline and avoidant personality disorders (BPD, APD) may be differentiated by deficits in different social domains and whether disorganization of social domain functioning uniquely characterizes BPD.MethodPatients were recruited from psychiatric clinics in Pittsburgh, USA, to provide a sample with BPD, APD and a no-personality disorder (no-PD) comparison group. Standardized assessments of Axis I and Axis II disorders and social domain dysfunction were conducted, including a new scale of ‘domain disorganization’ (DD).ResultsPervasive social dysfunction was associated with a 16-fold increase in the odds of an Axis II disorder. Both APD and BPD were associated with elevated social dysfunction. Romantic relationship dysfunction was associated specifically with BPD symptoms and diagnosis. DD was associated specifically with a categorical BPD diagnosis and with a dimensional BPD symptom count.ConclusionsA focus on the inherently interpersonal properties of personality disorders suggests specific mechanisms (within and across interpersonal domains) that may help to account for the origins and maintenance of some disorders. In particular, BPD reflects disturbances in romantic relationships, consistent with a role for attachment processes, and in the organization of functioning across social domains.

scholarly journals Expert Evaluation of «Another Unhealthy Conditions»

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Danilova
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Expert Evaluation ◽  
Schizoid Personality ◽  
Schizoid Personality Disorder ◽  
Paranoid Personality Disorder ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Mental Pathology

Patients who have had chronic mental disorders, another unhealthy conditions, mental retardation are considered to be irresponsible. Special interest represent is disorders, which expect as “another unhealthy conditions”. Mental disorders consider without process basis (pathokinesis have has chronic or acute psychosis), dementia. Another unhealthy conditions is quality differences from mental standard, but it does happen expressive that does irresponsible.56 men have been examined in the department of Personality Disorders and psyhogenias. Age: 20-60 years old. Disorders experts as “another unhealthy conditions” includes of the Classification ICD-10: Personality Disorders (F 60 - F 61), organic Personality Disorders (F 06.3 - F 07.9), mentally retardness of slight degree with breach of behaviour (F 70.1). Diagnosis of Paranoid Personality Disorder and Schizoid Personality Disorder were most common.Analysis of expert evaluation is show that it is necessary to estimate psychological criteria of irresponsibility. Analysis of pathological symptoms, structure of personality and cognitive disorders, disposition of crime, situational and motivational factors are show that it is necessary to estimate a depth of mental pathology, disturbance of critical abless and defects of personality and intellectual functions to expects conclusions of irresponsibility.

scholarly journals Personality disorder in older people: how common is it and what can be done?

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aparna Mordekar ◽  
Sean A. Spence
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Older People ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Qualitative Review ◽  
Personality Changes

There has been little systematic study of personality disorders in older people (65 years of age and above). However, with an ageing population worldwide we should expect to find increased numbers of people with Axis II disorders surviving into old age. We undertook a qualitative review of the recent literature concerning personality changes and disorders in older people, their prevalence and possible amelioration.

Gender Stereotypes for Paranoid, Antisocial, Compulsive, Dependent, and Histrionic Personality Disorders

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 976-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth M. Rienzi ◽  
David J. Scrams
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
University Students ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Gender Assignment ◽  
Gender Role Stereotypes ◽  
Significant Agreement ◽  
Schizoid Personality ◽  
Schizoid Personality Disorder

To assess similarity between gender-role stereotypes and the personality disorder prototypes, university students (31 women and 13 men) were asked to assign gender to six descriptions of DSM-III—R personality disorders. Significant agreement was found in gender assignment for five of the six descriptions. Descriptions of the paranoid, antisocial, and compulsive personality disorders were viewed as male, and descriptions of the dependent and histrionic personality disorders were viewed as female. The description of schizoid personality disorder was not significantly gender-typed.

scholarly journals Diagnostic neglect: The potential impact of losing a separate axis for personality disorder

2015 ◽  
Vol 206 (5) ◽  
pp. 355-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giles Newton-Howes ◽  
Roger Mulder ◽  
Peter Tyrer
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Not Otherwise Specified ◽  
Potential Impact

SummaryBoth major classifications in psychiatry have now moved away from the multi-axial nosological model. This is clinically understandable as the specific categorical diagnoses, other than borderline personality disorder and personality disorder ‘NOS' (not otherwise specified) were so seldom used and empirical evidence would not support the polythetic categorical system. As a consequence, those with personality disorders, frequently referred to as Axis II disorders, now have to compete with all other mental disorders for clinical attention.

scholarly journals Treatment Outcome of Personality Disorders

1998 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles A Sanislow ◽  
Thomas H McGlashan
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Outcome Studies ◽  
Treatment Intervention ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Number Of Treatment ◽  
Effective Treatments

Objective: To review the treatment outcome of personality disorders. Method: A literature search of studies pertaining to personality disorder and outcome was conducted, and studies that focused primarily on Axis II were retained. Of these, naturalistic outcome studies were distinguished from those that addressed treatment outcome specifically. The treatment outcome studies were examined in terms of type of treatment intervention, dependent variables, and outcome. Results: Contrary to contemporary assumptions about Axis II, a substantial number of treatment outcome studies were identified. Trends in the assumptions underlying psychosocial and pharmacologic approaches were identified on the basis of dependent variables. Conclusion: There is evidence that effective treatments exist to alleviate symptoms and reduce symptomatic behaviours that accompany personality disorders. What these results hold for the idea of remission from personality disorder is considered.

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