Acute Coronary Syndromes

2014 ◽  
pp. 806-818
Author(s):  
Susan Cheng ◽  
Marc S. Sabatine
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Recurrent Events ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Threatening Condition ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Coronary Syndromes ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Ventricular Dysrhythmias ◽  
Key Aspects

In total, ACS presentations account for over 2 million annual hospital admissions in the United States. Almost 1.4 million people suffer an ACS each year, of which 55% are new events, 31% are recurrent events, and 14% are silent events. Of all diagnosed MIs, approximately 30% are STEMI and 70% are NSTE-ACS events. Despite recent declines in associated mortality, coronary artery disease causes one out of every five deaths in the United States. Notably, half of MI-related deaths occur within the first hour, primarily due to ventricular dysrhythmias. Therefore, the presentation of ACS challenges the clinician to rapidly integrate key aspects of the history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests in order to diagnose correctly and manage effectively this potentially life-threatening condition.

Hypothyroidism in Otherwise Healthy Hypercholesterolemic Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-334
Author(s):  
ARTHUR LAVIN ◽  
ALAN H. NAUSS
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
The United States ◽  
Plaque Formation ◽  
Preventive Cardiology ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation ◽  
Symptomatic Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
High Risk Screening

Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of death in the United States. Studies in adults have shown that intervention with combined diet and medication can reduce atherosclerotic plaque formation and, as a result, the incidence of symptomatic coronary artery disease.1-4 With a strong tradition of preventive medicine, the pediatric community has begun exploring the prevention of adult atherosclerosis through intervention in childhood. Although issues such as universal vs selective high-risk screening, ideal age for screening and intervention, and treatment regimens remain unresolved and controversial, many preventive cardiology clinics, as well as individual pediatricians, have been screening and treating children.5,6 As part of an initial evaluation of hypercholesterolemic children and prior to any intervention, it is important to determine whether other disease processes are contributing to the child's dyslipoproteinemia.

Impact of alcohol and drug use on bicycle and electric scooter injuries and hospital admissions in the United States

Trauma ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 146040862110443
Author(s):  
Nikan K Namiri ◽  
Austin W Lee ◽  
Gregory M Amend ◽  
Jason Vargo ◽  
Benjamin N Breyer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Head Trauma ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Body Part ◽  
The United States ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Injury Surveillance System ◽  
Alcohol And Drug Use ◽  
Awareness Campaigns

Introduction Bicycles and electric scooters (e-scooters) are convenient and accessible means of transportation. Participant safety is contingent on available infrastructure and safe riding practices including not riding while intoxicated. Understanding national prevalence and injury characteristics of bicycle and e-scooter riders who ride while intoxicated may promote awareness campaigns for safe riding practices and decrease morbidity. Methods The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) provides national estimates of injuries that present to emergency departments across the United States. We obtained case information on admitting status, body part injured, diagnosis of injury, age, sex, alcohol usage, and drug usage. We then queried NEISS for injuries related to bicycles and e-scooters in 2019. Results A weighted total of 270,571 (95% confidence interval (CI): 204,517–336,625) bicycle injuries occurred in the United States during 2019; alcohol and drug use were associated with 7% (95% CI: 6–9) and 2% (95% CI: 2–3) of all injuries, respectively. Twenty-four percent (CI: 18--31) of alcohol- and 29% (95% CI: 20–41) of drug-related bicycle injuries resulted in hospital admissions, compared to 15% (95% CI: 12–17) of non–alcohol- and 15% (95% CI: 13–18) of non–drug-related injuries ( p < .001 and p = .002, respectively). A total of 28,702 (95% CI: 13,975–43,428) e-scooter injuries occurred in 2019; alcohol and drug use were associated with 8% (95% CI: 5–12) and 1% (95% CI: 1–2) of injuries, respectively. Sixty percent (95% CI: 47–72) of alcohol-related e-scooter injuries resulted in head trauma, compared to 28% (95% CI: 24–32) of non–alcohol-related injuries ( p < .001). Conclusions Intoxication is associated with increasingly severe injuries, hospital admissions, and head trauma in bicycle and e-scooter riders. The findings support awareness campaigns to educate riders about risky practices, improve non-auto infrastructure, and promote helmet usage.

Role of Image-Guided Percutaneous Drainage in Pancreatic Collections

2018 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
pp. 125-130
Author(s):  
Katayoun Samadi ◽  
Ronald Arellano
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Percutaneous Drainage ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
The United States ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Image Guided ◽  
Gastrointestinal Conditions

AbstractAcute pancreatitis is one of the major gastrointestinal conditions that lead to around 300,000 hospital admissions per year in the United States. While mild inflammation of the pancreas is often managed conservatively, progression of the disease process to necrosis significantly increases the overall morbidity and mortality and often requires surgical or other interventional techniques for management. The purpose of this review is to describe the role of percutaneous drainage for the management of complicated pancreatitis.

Succession and Governance Across Generations: A Comparative Study of the United States and Italy

1999 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Alberto Zanzi ◽  
Colette Dumas
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Family Business ◽  
Business Management ◽  
The United States ◽  
Italian Family ◽  
Management Succession ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
The Impact

This comparative study of American and Italian family-owned firms focuses on two key aspects of family business management: succession and governance. This study also explored the impact of generation on these variables.

scholarly journals Air Pollution Increases Influenza Hospitalizations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregor Singer ◽  
Joshua Graff Zivin ◽  
Matthew Neidell ◽  
Nicholas Sanders
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Inpatient Hospitalization ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Health Burden ◽  
Severe Influenza

AbstractSeasonal influenza is a recurring health burden shared widely across the globe. We study whether air quality affects the occurrence of severe influenza cases that require inpatient hospitalization. Using longitudinal information on local air quality and hospital admissions across the United States, we find that poor air quality increases the incidence of significant influenza hospital admissions. Effects diminish in years with greater influenza vaccine effectiveness. Apart from increasing vaccination rates, improving air quality may help reduce the spread and severity of influenza.

scholarly journals Museums, collectors, and value manipulation: tax fraud through donation of antiquities

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna Yates
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tax Law ◽  
Traditional Practices ◽  
Antiquities Market ◽  
Tax Fraud ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Tax Deduction

PurposeTo discuss the key aspects of the international trade in antiquities and the practice of philanthropic donation of object to museums that allow for certain types of tax deduction manipulation using a case of tax deduction manipulation from Australia and a case of tax fraud from the United States as examples.Design/methodology/approachTwo thoroughly researched case studies are presented which illustrate the particular features of current and past antiquities donation incentivization schemes which leave them open to manipulation and fraud.FindingsThe valuation of antiquities is subjective and problematic and the operations of both the antiquities market and the museums sector are traditionally opaque. Because of this tax incentivisation of antiquities donations, is susceptible to fraud.Originality/valueThis paper presents the mechanisms of the antiquities market and museum world to an audience that is not familiar with it. It then clearly demonstrates how the traditional practices of this world can be manipulated for the purposes of tax fraud. Two useful case studies are presented and one of these case studies has never been academically published before, despite it being the cause for a change in Australian tax law.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Clinical Correlates of Coronary Artery Disease among New Dialysis Patients in the United States: A Cross-Sectional Study

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1516-1523 ◽  
Author(s):  
AUSTIN G. STACK ◽  
WENDY E. BLOEMBERGEN
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
The United States ◽  
Comorbid Conditions ◽  
Clinical Correlates ◽  
History Of ◽  
Artery Disease

Abstract. Despite the high prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) among patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), few studies have identified clinical correlates using national data. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and clinical associations of CAD in a national random sample of new ESRD in the United States in 1996/1997 (n = 4025). Data on demographic characteristics and comorbidities were obtained from the Dialysis Morbidity and Mortality Study, Wave 2. The principal outcome was CAD, defined as the presence of a previous history of CAD, myocardial infarction, or angina, coronary artery bypass surgery, coronary angioplasty, or abnormal coronary angiographic findings. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship of conventional factors and proposed uremic factors to the presence of CAD. CAD was present in 38% of patients. Of the total cohort, 17% had a history of myocardial infarction and 23% had angina. Several conventional risk factors, including advancing age, male gender, diabetes mellitus, and smoking, were significantly associated with CAD. Of the proposed uremic factors, lower serum albumin levels but higher residual renal function and higher hematocrit values were significantly associated with the presence of CAD. Vascular comorbid conditions, structural cardiac abnormalities, white race, and geographic location were also strongly correlated with the presence of CAD. This national study suggests that several conventional CAD risk factors may also be risk factors for CAD among the ESRD population. This study identifies nonconventional factors such as serum albumin levels, vascular comorbid conditions, and structural cardiac abnormalities as important disease correlates. Future logitudinal studies are required to explore the relative importance of the relationships observed here.

scholarly journals Orthopedic Problems in Overweight and Obese Children

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 05-07
Author(s):  
GL Di Gennaro
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The United States ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
The World ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Artery Disease

According to the data published by Haslam and James, about 10% of the world populations aged up to 18 areoverweight or obese [1]. In Europe, there are about 20% children with excessive body mass, 5% of whom sufferfrom obesity [2,3]. Childhood obesity is an ongoing epidemic in the United States [4,5]. The most recent data fromthe US indicate that 16.9% of children and adolescents are obese, defined as a body mass index (BMI) for age >95thpercentile [6,7] and there is evidence that the prevalence of obesity among children will reach 30% by 2030 [8].Childhood obesity is a risk factor for greater morbidity later in life, including diabetes, coronary artery disease andincreased mortality [4,5,9,10].

scholarly journals COVID-19 Incidence and Hospitalization Rates are Inversely Related to Vaccination Coverage Among the 112 Most Populous Counties in the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey E. Harris
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lower Half ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Percentage Point Increase ◽  
Hospitalization Rates ◽  
Point Increase ◽  
Log Linear

AbstractWe tested whether COVID-19 incidence and hospitalization rates were inversely related to vaccination coverage among the 112 most populous counties in the United States, each with a population exceeding 600,000. We measured vaccination coverage as the percent of the total population fully vaccinated as of July 15, 2021, with the exception of 11 Texas counties, where the cutoff date was July 14, 2021. We measured COVID-19 incidence as the number of confirmed cases per 100,000 population during the 14-day period ending August 12, 2021. We measured hospitalization rates as the number of confirmed COVID-19 admissions per 100,000 population during the same 14-day period. COVID-19 incidence was significantly higher among counties in the lower half of the distribution of vaccination coverage (incidence 543.8 per 100,000 among 56 counties with mean coverage 42.61%) than among counties in the lower half of the distribution of coverage (incidence 280.7 per 100,000 among 56 counties with mean coverage 57.37%, p < 0.0001). Hospital admissions were also significantly higher among counties in the lower half of the distribution (55.37 per 100,000) than in the upper half of the distribution (20.48 per 100,000, p < 0.0001). In log-linear regression models, a 10-percentage-point increase in vaccination coverage was associated with a 28.3% decrease in COVID-19 incidence (95% confidence interval, 16.8 – 39.7%), a 44.9 percent increase in the rate of COVID-19 hospitalization (95% CI, 28.8 – 61.0%), and a 16.6% decrease in COVID-19 hospitalizations per 100 cases (95% CI, 8.4 – 24.8%). Higher vaccination coverage is associated not only with significantly lower COVID-19 incidence, but also significantly less severe cases of the disease.

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