Letter to The Lancet

2016 ◽  
pp. 207-208
Author(s):  
Donald W. Winnicott
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Emotional Disturbance ◽  
The Face

In this letter to The Lancet on prefrontal leucotomy, Winnicott holds that the theory that underlying depression, psychosis, and schizophrenia are factors of emotional disturbance has not been disproved, and that surgery is a drastic step to take in the face of this uncertainty about the causes of some mental disorders.

scholarly journals Nonsuicidal self-injury in mentally ill patients: a clinical case

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
V. V. Balabanova ◽  
N. A. Tyuvina ◽  
E. O. Voronina ◽  
E. M. Goncharova ◽  
A. A. Dmitrieva
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Medical History ◽  
Female Patient ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Self Mutilation ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Face

Nonsuicidal self-injuries (autotomy, self-inflicted destruction, self-mutilation) is a variant of autoaggression in a patient without the intent to take his/her own life. Patients with the consequences of self-injuries receive help from physicians of various specialties, who often cannot determine their motivation for autoaggressive actions, since it is associated with mental disorders. The paper presents data on phenomenology, some classifications and motivation of nonsuicidal self-injuries. Various mental disorders are noted to be the most common cause of autoaggressive behavior. The paper describes a clinical case of a female patient who has mutilated her face for a long time, hiding the cause of her autoaggressive action. A detailed clinical and psychopathological analysis of her medical history and mental status allowed for classifying hypochondriacal delirium within schizophrenia as a cause of self-mutilating actions. The motivation for this behavior was to fight against a pseudotumor, for which the patient suffered pain and prolonged suppurative processes on the skin of the face, without visiting physicians.

De-othering “schizophrenia”

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-218
Author(s):  
Sarah Kamens
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Clinical Psychology ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Social Defeat ◽  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
The Face ◽  
Qualitative Phenomenological ◽  
Clinical Populations

Do psychiatry and clinical psychology have an “other”? This article critically addresses the clinical-scientific fascination with diagnostic challenges and other psychiatric mysteries, focusing on the example of “schizophrenia,” often seen as the most severe and enigmatic of all mental disorders. Over a century of clinical and scientific discourse on schizophrenia has painted a portrait of something indecipherable at the very foundation of psychiatric inquiry. Despite entrenched beliefs, mounting evidence from both qualitative-phenomenological and quantitative research suggests that the experience of psychosis can be meaningfully understood. Further, there is a wealth of data indicating that persons with lived experience of psychosis can lead self-actualized lives, and new studies have revealed that psychotic experiences are common in non-clinical populations. Yet traditional views of psychosis persist in the face of this mounting evidence. I suggest that the key to de-othering schizophrenia may lie in an emerging body of research on “social defeat,” marginalization, and alienation. More specifically, the experiences and behaviors commonly designated as psychosis arise in social and interpersonal contexts that are distinctly alienating, including the psychiatric encounter. It follows that schizophrenia may not be the elusive empirical object of debates about unintelligibility or “ununderstandability,” but rather a social configuration that is manifest within the deadlock of this debate itself.

scholarly journals The relevance of uncertainty and goal conflict to mental disorders, their prevention and management: a unifying approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle A. Einstein ◽  
Warren Mansell
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Control Theory ◽  
Intolerance Of Uncertainty ◽  
Goal Conflict ◽  
Treatment Approaches ◽  
Transdiagnostic Treatment ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The Face

AbstractIntolerance of Uncertainty (IU) has been shown to underlie a range of disorders. Technological advances have produced a decline in our development of an ability to wait in the face of uncertainty. The paper provides an update on empirical, theoretical and neural research in IU. Einstein's extended trandiagnostic model of IU is described. This model is based on control theory. The research update and IU model propose specific tools which can be implemented within transdiagnostic treatment approaches.

scholarly journals Assistência Humanizada a Pessoa com Transtornos Mentais / Humanized Assistance for Person with Mental Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (57) ◽  
pp. 1013-1026
Author(s):  
Estela Máris Amorim Cruz ◽  
Ana Beatriz Callou Sampaio Neves ◽  
Andrezza Gomes da Rocha ◽  
Raquel Arrais Macário ◽  
José Wilker Araújo dos Anjos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Electronic Media ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Care Model ◽  
Primary Research ◽  
The Face

Resumo: Os transtornos mentais geralmente são tratados pela sociedade com desprezo o que terminam gerando o isolamento social dos pacientes que apresentam os transtornos. Já avançamos muito no atendimento humanizado aos pacientes psquiatricos entre tanto ainda há muitas coisas que precisam serem mudadas diante da assistencia aos mesmos. Assim é de grande importancia buscar a qualificação dos profissionais de saúde para atender os pacientes com transtornos mentais de forma humanizada. Compreender a importância da assistência humanizada a pessoa com  transtornos mentais. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada nos meses de fevereiro a julho do ano 2021, através da coleta de dados dentro das seguintes bases: LILACS e BDENF, por meio dos seguintes descritores: humanização e transtornos mentais, sendo agrupados através do operador booleando “AND”, tendo como criterios de inclusão: artigos completos, publicados nos últimos cinco anos na lingua portuguesa, pesquisa primárias, disponiveis em meio eletrônico, sendo excluidos os seguintes artigos: artigos secundários, artigos repetidos, artigos pagos e publicados na lingua estrangeira e que tenha mais de cinco anos, desta forma foram selecionados para esta pesquisa dez artigos. Observou-se nos estudos que os cuidados humanizados direcionados aos pacientes com transtornos mentais têm evoluido possitivamente. Entretanto ainda existem algumas barreiras que são mencionadas pelos autores dos estudos, como por exemplo, alguns profissionais que insistem ainda em viverem dentro de suas práticas o modelo antigo de assistência à saúde mental. Outro ponto a se tratar é falha na capacitação desses profissionais para lidar de maneira humanizada com os pacientes que apresentam transtornos mentais. Assim entende-se que existem pontos ainda a serem melhorados para que o cuidado com os pacientes com transtornos mentais sejam realizados de forma mais humanizada entendendo que todos possuem o direito universal a saúde de qualidade. Palavras - chave: Humanização da assistência. Transtornos Mentais. Saúde Mental.Abstract: Mental disorders are generally treated with disdain by society, which ends up generating social isolation for patients with the disorders. We have already advanced a lot in humanized care for psychiatric patients. However, there are still many things that need to be changed in the face of their assistance. Thus, it is of great importance to seek the qualification of health professionals to assist patients with mental disorders in a humanized way. Understand the importance of humanized assistance to people with mental disorders. It is an integrative review of the literature, carried out from February to July of the year 2021, through the collection of data within the following bases: LILACS and BDENF, through the following descriptors: humanization and mental disorders, being grouped through the operator booleaning “AND”, with inclusion criteria: complete articles, published in the last five years in Portuguese, primary research, available in electronic media, excluding the following articles: secondary articles, repeated articles, paid articles and published in the language foreign and that is more than five years old, ten articles were selected for this research. It was observed in the studies that humanized care directed to patients with mental disorders has evolved positively. However, there are still some barriers that are mentioned by the authors of the studies, such as, for example, some professionals who still insist on living the old mental health care model within their practices. Another point to be addressed is the failure to train these professionals to deal in a humanized manner with patients with mental disorders. Thus, it is understood that there are still points to be improved so that care for patients with mental disorders is carried out in a more humane way, understanding that everyone has the universal right to quality health.Keywords: Humanization of assistance. Mental Disorders. Mental health. 

scholarly journals Resilience in the Face of Disaster: Prevalence and Longitudinal Course of Mental Disorders following Hurricane Ike

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. e38964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Pietrzak ◽  
Melissa Tracy ◽  
Sandro Galea ◽  
Dean G. Kilpatrick ◽  
Kenneth J. Ruggiero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Hurricane Ike ◽  
Longitudinal Course ◽  
The Face

scholarly journals The 12-item WHO Disability Assessment Schedule II as an outcome measure for treatment of common mental disorders

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.C. Thomas ◽  
S.D. Rathod ◽  
M.J. De Silva ◽  
H.A. Weiss ◽  
V. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Emotional Disturbance ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Global Mental Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Disability Assessment ◽  
Patient Reported

Background.Common mental disorders (CMD) are among the most significant contributors to disability worldwide. Patient-reported disability outcomes should be included as a key metric in the comparative assessment of value across global mental health interventions. This study aims to evaluate the validity of a widely used, cross-cultural tool – the 12-item World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule II (WHODAS) – as a functional outcome measure for CMD treatment.Methods.The study population includes 1024 participants with CMD enrolled in the MANAS trial in India. CMD was assessed using the Revised Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS-R). Disability was assessed using the 12-item WHODAS II plus a measure of disability days. This analysis presents the correlations between these disability items and CMD symptom severity at 2 months after enrollment (convergent validity) and the items’ associations with CMD recovery 4 months later (external responsiveness).Results.All items showed a positive correlation of disability with CMD symptom severity (p < 0.001). The WHODAS items of ‘standing,’ ‘household responsibilities,’ and ‘emotional disturbance’ explained the most variance in CMD symptom severity. Improvements in ‘disability days,’ ‘emotional disturbance,’ ‘standing,’ ‘household responsibilities,’ ‘day-to-day work,’ and ‘concentrating’ were significantly associated with CMD recovery over follow-up.Conclusions.Further research is recommended on a CMD-specific WHODAS subscale comprised of the six WHODAS items found to be most strongly associated with CMD severity and recovery. This shorter, CMD-specific disability subscale would critically serve as a common metric to compare intervention impact on patient-centered outcomes and, in turn, to allocate global mental health resources efficiently.

scholarly journals Changing the face of mental health care through needs-based planning

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin Andrews ◽  
Nickolai Titov
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Health Gain ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Stepped Care ◽  
Web Based ◽  
The Face ◽  
Step Down

Mental disorders contribute to the burden of human disease. The National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing revealed low participation in treatment. The Tolkien II report provided evidence that a mental health service that utilised needsbased stepped care was likely to be effective and affordable to the point that a 30% increase in budget would treat 60% more people and produce a 90% increase in health gain. Five priorities were identified: � Solve the crisis in psychosis by providing more step-down beds for people with schizophrenia who need long-term accommodation. � Educate the workforce by providing a nationwide web-based basic curriculum. � Use clinician guided, step-down web-based therapy for patients who are mild or moderate, and web-based education to enhance clinical treatment for patients who are more severe. � Educate patients and their families about treatments that work and about lifestyle changes that facilitate these treatments. � Reduce the onset of common mental disorders by using proven web-based prevention programs in schools. With resources such as these in place, changing the face of mental health care might just be within our reach.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and students' mental health: foreign studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-91
Author(s):  
T.V. Ermolova ◽  
A.V. Litvinov ◽  
N.V. Savitskaya ◽  
O.A. Krukovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Learning Capacity ◽  
The Face ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Remote Care ◽  
Mental Well Being

This analytical review provides a broad outline of the historically significant process of consolidating the global scientific community in the face of the threat posed to the psyche of children and young people by the COVID-19 pandemic. The formation of vector data arrays, revealing aspects and prevalence of mental disorders of children, provoked by a pandemic, is shown. In the majority of students, the additional neuro-psychological load led to increased anxiety, depressive states, post-traumatic stress, decreased learning capacity. There are studies of the psyche of students in families in connection with the phenomenon of screen-time (time spent at the computer screen), the presence of comorbid disorders, narrowing of communication, closing schools. The importance of adequate parenthood for children's mental well-being, educational strategy for parents, volunteers, nurses is shown. The direction of telepsychiatry as a remote care tool has been demonstrated. Pilots of the concept of mental disorders of students against the background of the pandemic are presented. The questions about the delayed cumulative effect of mental disorders in students and the continuing incompleteness of knowledge about it are also raised.

Letter to The Lancet

2016 ◽  
pp. 209-210
Author(s):  
Donald W. Winnicott
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Surgical Procedure ◽  
The Face ◽  
Unpublished Letter

In this unpublished letter to The Lancet on leucotomy, Winnicott addresses works by authors writing about this popular surgical procedure, holding that surgery is a drastic step to take in the face of this uncertainty about the causes of some mental disorders.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF PANCHKARMA W.S.R. TO THE MANASA VIKARA: A REVIEW

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Mandeep Kaur ◽  
Rakesh Kapoor
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Emotional Disturbance ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
The Body ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Mental Functions

Anciently Indian system of medicine describes two types of diseases sharirik and manasika according to the location and doshik involvement. Literature reveals that mental disorders (manasa vikara) possess significant relation with the body. The manasa vikara are due to the impairment of common mental functions; alpa stwa, vitiation of sharirik and manas dhosas and vitiation of manovah srotas. Mans vikara may also resulted from emotional disturbance due to derangement of rajo and tamo dhosa. Ancient observation of medical practice emphasizes significant role of purification/shodhna therapy in manasa vikara; this article summarizes role of purification/shodhna therapy such as; Panchacarma in the management of mental disorders.

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