scholarly journals Early versus late acute kidney injury among patients with COVID-19—a multicenter study from Wuhan, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 2095-2102
Author(s):  
Suyuan Peng ◽  
Huai-Yu Wang ◽  
Xiaoyu Sun ◽  
Pengfei Li ◽  
Zhanghui Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Organ Dysfunction ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Tertiary Hospitals ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an important complication of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which could be caused by both systematic responses from multi-organ dysfunction and direct virus infection. While advanced evidence is needed regarding its clinical features and mechanisms. We aimed to describe two phenotypes of AKI as well as their risk factors and the association with mortality. Methods Consecutive hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in tertiary hospitals in Wuhan, China from 1 January 2020 to 23 March 2020 were included. Patients with AKI were classified as AKI-early and AKI-late according to the sequence of organ dysfunction (kidney as the first dysfunctional organ or not). Demographic and clinical features were compared between two AKI groups. Their risk factors and the associations with in-hospital mortality were analyzed. Results A total of 4020 cases with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were included and 285 (7.09%) of them were identified as AKI. Compared with patients with AKI-early, patients with AKI-late had significantly higher levels of systemic inflammatory markers. Both AKIs were associated with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality, with similar fully adjusted hazard ratios of 2.46 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.35–4.49] for AKI-early and 3.09 (95% CI 2.17–4.40) for AKI-late. Only hypertension was independently associated with the risk of AKI-early. While age, history of chronic kidney disease and the levels of inflammatory biomarkers were associated with the risk of AKI-late. Conclusions AKI among patients with COVID-19 has two clinical phenotypes, which could be due to different mechanisms. Considering the increased risk for mortality for both phenotypes, monitoring for AKI should be emphasized during COVID-19.

Association of Acute Kidney Injury with Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Mitral Valve Repair

Cardiology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Salik Nazir ◽  
Keerat Rai Ahuja ◽  
Dhaval Kolte ◽  
Tanush Gupta ◽  
Sahil Khera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Valve Repair ◽  
Transcatheter Mitral Valve Repair ◽  
Increased Risk

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Although transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVr) is a contrast-free procedure, prior single-center studies have demonstrated a high incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) following TMVr. The main objective of this study was to examine risk factors for AKI, and its association with outcomes in patients undergoing TMVr. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We queried the National Readmission Database to identify TMVr procedures performed between January 2014 and December 2017. Complex samples multivariable logistic and linear regression models were used to identify risk factors associated with AKI, as well as to determine the association between AKI and clinical outcomes (in-hospital mortality, index length of stay (LOS), 30-day all-cause readmissions, and 30-day heart failure [HF] readmissions). <b><i>Results:</i></b> Of 14,623 patients who underwent TMVr during the study period, 2,001 (13.6%) had a diagnosis of AKI. HF, chronic kidney disease, chronic liver disease, fluid/electrolyte disorder, weight loss, nonelective admission, cardiogenic shock, and bleeding/transfusion were independently associated with an increased risk of AKI. In patients undergoing TMVr, AKI was associated with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 4.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.92–8.34), 30-day all-cause readmissions (aOR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.49–2.46), 30-day HF readmissions (aOR, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.38–3.84), and longer index LOS (adjusted parameter estimate, 5.78; 95% CI, 5.26–6.41). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> AKI in the setting of TMVr is common and is associated with worse clinical outcomes. Further studies are needed to determine if optimizing renal function prior to TMVr may improve outcomes, as well as to understand the impact of TMVr itself on renal function.

scholarly journals 575. Evaluation of Risk Factors and Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus Infections

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S271-S271
Author(s):  
Gauri Chauhan ◽  
Nikunj M Vyas ◽  
Todd P Levin ◽  
Sungwook Kim
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Subgroup Analysis ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) occurs with enhanced frequency in hospitalized patients and are usually associated with poor clinical outcomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk factors and clinical outcomes of patients with VRE infections. Methods This study was an IRB-approved multi-center retrospective chart review conducted at a three-hospital health system between August 2016-November 2018. Inclusion criteria were patients ≥18 years and admitted for ≥24 hours with cultures positive for VRE. Patients pregnant or colonized with VRE were excluded. The primary endpoint was to analyze the association of potential risk factors with all-cause in-hospital mortality (ACM) and 30-day readmission. The subgroup analysis focused on the association of risk factors with VRE bacteremia. The secondary endpoint was to evaluate the impact of different treatment groups of high dose daptomycin (HDD) (≥10 mg/kg/day) vs. low dose daptomycin (LDD) (< 10 mg/kg/day) vs. linezolid (LZD) on ACM and 30-day readmission. Subgroup analysis focused on the difference of length of stay (LOS), length of therapy (LOT), duration of bacteremia (DOB) and clinical success (CS) between the treatment groups. Results There were 81 patients included for analysis; overall mortality was observed at 16%. Utilizing multivariate logistic regression analyses, patients presenting from long-term care facilities (LTCF) were found to have increased risk for mortality (OR 4.125, 95% CI 1.149–14.814). No specific risk factors were associated with 30-day readmission. Patients with previous exposure to fluoroquinolones (FQ) and cephalosporins (CPS), nosocomial exposure and history of heart failure (HF) showed association with VRE bacteremia. ACM was similar between HDD vs. LDD vs. LZD (16.7% vs. 15.4% vs. 0%, P = 0.52). No differences were seen between LOS, LOT, CS, and DOB between the groups. Conclusion Admission from LTCFs was a risk factor associated with in-hospital mortality in VRE patients. Individuals with history of FQ, CPS and nosocomial exposure as well as history of HF showed increased risk of acquiring VRE bacteremia. There was no difference in ACM, LOS, LOT, and DOB between HDD, LDD and LZD. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

ICU treatment of acute kidney injury

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt Wise ◽  
Paul Frost
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Septic Shock ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Haematological Malignancy ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nephrotoxic Drugs ◽  
Abdominal Compartment ◽  
Icu Treatment

Traditionally, the etiology of acute kidney injury (AKI) is considered in terms of prerenal, renal, and obstructive causes. However, this categorization is less useful in the ICU, where the etiology of AKI is usually multifactorial and often occurs in the context of multi-organ failure. Hypotension, nephrotoxic drugs, and severe sepsis or septic shock are the most important identifiable factors. Less frequently encountered causes include pancreatitis, abdominal compartment syndrome, and rhabdomyolysis. Primary intrinsic renal disease such as glomerulonephritis is extremely uncommon. A previous history of cirrhosis, cardiac failure, or haematological malignancy, and age >65 years, are important risk factors. This chapter covers symptoms, complications, diagnosis, investigations, prognosis, and treatment of renal failure in the ITU.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Clinical Features of Atopic Dermatitis in China

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Wang ◽  
Lin-Feng Li ◽  
Da-yu Zhao ◽  
Yi-wei Shen
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Tertiary Hospitals ◽  
History Of

Background. The epidemiology of atopic dermatitis (AD) in Chinese outpatients is yet to be clarified.Objectives. To investigate population-based prevalence and clinical features of AD in Chinese outpatients.Methods. A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in outpatients with eczema or dermatitis from 39 tertiary hospitals in 15 provinces.Results. This study included 682 patients diagnosed with AD, with the mean age of28.8±20.1years and the median course of5.3±6.9years. AD patients had more severe itching (30.4% versus 13.8%,p<0.001) and clinically suspected bacterial infection (21.7% versus 16.1%,p<0.001) than those of other types of dermatitis. Older patients were more susceptible to have a history of flexion dermatitis (p<0.001), bacterial infection (p=0.005), and severe itching (p<0.001). Outpatients with clinically suspected bacterial infection had 3.53-fold increased risk of AD than those without it (p<0.001). The morbidity rate of AD in the (20–25°N) region is 2.86 times higher than that in the (40–45°N) region [OR (95% CI): 0.352 (0.241–0.514),p<0.001].Conclusions. AD is characterized by unique clinical/demographic features. Bacterial infection and latitude region may have an impact on the incidence of AD in China.

scholarly journals Physician Receptiveness of Ventilation-Perfusion Imaging in a Randomized Clinical Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Colton Junod, BS ◽  
Alice M. Mitchell, MD, MS
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Chest Radiograph ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Pulmonary Surgery ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
History Of

Background and Hypothesis: Computed Tomography of the pulmonary arteries (CTPA) is the most common imaging modality for evaluating patients for suspected pulmonary embolism (PE), but carries the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) from contrast media exposure. In appropriately selected patients, ventilation scintigraphy (VQ) imaging is a diagnostically equivalent alternative. We hypothesized that physician perceptions of diagnostic accuracy and study availability contribute to under-utilization of VQ imaging. Project Methods: Patients with suspected PE at increased risk of acute kidney injury, were randomly selected to undergo VQ instead of CTPA. Patients unable to consent, patients with a history of pulmonary surgery, and those undergoing contrastenhanced imaging for other indications were excluded. A screening chest radiograph was obtained prior to study imaging allocation. All cases were reviewed by a nuclear medicine radiologist blinded to acceptance or refusal of VQ imaging allocation. The primary outcome was defined as the rate of physician-refusal of VQ imaging. The unprompted physician-reported reason for refusal was recorded, in real-time, along with any other general responses. Results: Following exclusions, 42 subjects were enrolled. Notably, chest radiograph findings excluded only 2 subjects. The reviewing nuclear radiologist agreed with all study-selections for VQ appropriateness and there was no instance of nondiagnostic VQ imaging. Treating physicians refused VQ imaging randomization in 48% (20/42). Physicians also believed VQ imaging lacked sufficient diagnostic accuracy in the context of active non-pulmonary malignancy in 29% (12/42) of cases. Although CT did not identify cases not seen on chest radiograph, in 12% (5/42) cases suspected pneumonia was the reason for refusal. Statements such as “VQ is inferior [for PE],” and “VQ takes too long” were characteristic of general responses from treating providers. Conclusion and Potential Impact: VQ imaging remains under-utilized in patients at risk of AKI. Perceived limitations to diagnostic accuracy and study availability are contributors to under-utilization.

scholarly journals Risk factors for acute kidney injury among patients with rhabdomyolysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Yang ◽  
Jiaojiao Zhou ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Siwen Wang ◽  
Yi Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Chronic Alcoholism ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Bee Sting

Abstract Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a life-threatening complication of rhabdomyolysis (RM). The aim of the present study was to assess patients at high risk for the occurrence of AKI defined by the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes criteria and in-hospital mortality. Methods We performed a retrospective study of patients with creatine kinase levels >1000 U/L, who were admitted to the West China Hospital of Sichuan University between January 2011 and March 2019. The sociodemographic, clinical and laboratory data of these patients were obtained from an electronic medical records database, and univariate and multivariate regression analyses were subsequently conducted. Results For the 329 patients included in our study, the incidence of AKI was 61.4%, and the overall mortality rate was 19.8%; furthermore, patients with AKI tended to have higher mortality rates than those without AKI (24.8% vs. 11.8%; P<0.01). The clinical conditions most frequently associated with RM were trauma (28.3%), sepsis (14.6%), bee sting (12.8%), thoracic and abdominal surgery (11.2%) and exercise (7.0%). Furthermore, patients with RM resulting from sepsis, bee sting and acute alcoholism were more susceptible to AKI. The risk factors for the occurrence of AKI among RM patients included age ≥60 years (OR=3.070), chronic alcoholism (OR=3.256), hypertension (OR=4.252), multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS; OR=7.244), high levels of white blood cell count (OR=1.047) and elevated serum phosphorus (OR=5.526). Age ≥60 years (OR=3.188), MODS (OR=2.262), diabetes (OR=2.746) and elevated prothrombin time (OR=1.079) were independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality in RM patients with AKI. Conclusions AKI is independently associated with mortality in patients with RM, and several risk factors were found to be associated with the occurrence of AKI and in-hospital mortality. These findings suggest that, to improve the quality of medical care, the early prevention of AKI should focus on high-risk patients and more effective management.

scholarly journals Multiple Organ Dysfunction and Acute Pancreatitis Following Wasp Stings

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 566-568
Author(s):  
Olita Shilpakar ◽  
Bibek Rajbhandari ◽  
Bipin Karki ◽  
Umesh Bogati
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Organ Dysfunction ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Multiple Organ Dysfunction ◽  
Wasp Sting ◽  
History Of ◽  
Wasp Stings

Wasp stings are common in our part of the world and may cause complications ranging from mild local reactions to fatal anaphylaxis. Severe cases may present with multisystem involvement causing acute kidney injury, hepatic dysfunction, clotting abnormalities, rhabdomyolysis or even death. However, cases with acute pancreatitis as a complication of wasp sting is not usual and have been very rarely reported. We present a case of a fifty-two-year-old lady with the history of multiple wasp stings followed by multiple organ dysfunction and acute pancreatitis with complete recovery following immediate conservative measures. Keywords: Acute kidney injury; multiple organ dysfunction; pancreatitis; wasp; sting

scholarly journals Acute kidney injury in hospitalized patients with COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Gameiro ◽  
José Agapito Fonseca ◽  
João Oliveira ◽  
Filipe Marques ◽  
João Bernardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Transient Aki ◽  
Worse Prognosis

Abstract Introduction: The incidence of AKI in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients ranges from 0.5 to 35% and has been associated with worse prognosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence, severity, duration, risk factors and prognosis of AKI in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.Methods: We conducted a retrospective single-center analysis of 192 hospitalized COVID-19 patients from March to May of 2020. AKI was diagnosed using the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcome (KDIGO) classification based on serum creatinine (SCr) criteria. Persistent and Transient AKI were defined according to the Acute Disease Quality Initiative (ADQI) workgroup definitions.Results: In this cohort of COVID-19 patients, 55.2% developed AKI (n=106). The majority of AKI patients had persistent AKI (n=64, 60.4%). Overall, in-hospital mortality was 18.2% (n=35) and was higher in AKI patients (28.3% vs 5.9%, p<0.001, unadjusted OR 6.03 (2.22-16.37), p<0.001). On a multivariate analysis, older age (adjusted OR 1.08 (95% CI 1.02-1.13), p=0.004), lower Hb level (adjusted OR 0.69 (95% CI 0.53-0.91), p=0.007) and acidemia at presentation (adjusted OR 5.53 (95% CI 1.70-18.63), p=0.005), duration of AKI (adjusted OR 7.91 for persistent AKI (95% CI 2.39-26.21), p=0.001) and severity of AKI (adjusted OR 2.30 per increase in KDIGO stage (95% CI 1.10-4.82), p=0.027) were independent predictors of mortality.Conclusion: AKI was frequent in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Persistent AKI and higher severity of AKI were independent predictors of in-hospital mortality.

scholarly journals The Impact of Anti-Microbial Drug-Drug Interactions on Acute Kidney Injury after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation

Blood ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 136 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 29-30
Author(s):  
Fumiya Wada ◽  
Yasuyuki Arai ◽  
Junya Kanda ◽  
Toshio Kitawaki ◽  
Masakatsu Hishizawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Post Transplant ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the major complications after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT), and several studies have demonstrated a relationship between poor outcome and the concomitant AKI in the early phase after allo-HCT. Among various post-transplant factors, usage of antimicrobial agents, especially in cases where multiple agents are combined, may be one of the major causes of post-transplant AKI, due the potential nephrotoxicity of each agent and drug-drug interactions. An association between the combination of vancomycin (VCM) with piperacillin/tazobactam (PIPC/TAZ) and increased risk of developing AKI after allo-HCT has been reported; however, no reports have demonstrated the impact of other combinations on post-transplant AKI. Herein, we performed a retrospective analysis to compare the incidence of AKI according to selected antimicrobial agents, using a database with information covering the time-dependent administrative status of all the agents involved. Methods: We included patients with hematological malignancies who received allo-HCT between 2006 and 2018 in Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of AKI early after transplantation (before Day100). The incidence of AKI was defined according to Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) classification and evaluated, considering early death as a competing risk. Administrative status of each antimicrobial agent was treated as a time-dependent covariate, and the synergetic effects on AKI by multiple agents in combination were evaluated as p for interaction. Results: In total, 465 transplant cases (416 patients) were included. The median age at HCT was 49 years old (range, 17-70). Among these, 104 cases received a related-donor transplant (64 patients received bone marrow and 40 peripheral-blood stem cell grafts), 207 received a transplant from unrelated donors, and 154 received a single-unit cord-blood transplant. The median value for pre-transplant serum creatinine (sCr) was 0.6 (range, 0.20-1.68). The cumulative incidence of AKI at Day100 was 40.0%, and overall survival (OS) at 3 years after HCT was 43.5% in patients with AKI while 70.9% in those without AKI (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.63, 95% confidence interval = 1.95-3.55, p &lt; 0.01). Being male and having a higher pre-transplant sCr were significant risk factors for AKI (HR = 1.53, p &lt; 0.01 and HR = 4.21, p &lt; 0.01, respectively). After HCT, 34 types of oral or intravenous antimicrobial agents (17 antibiotics, 6 antivirals, and 11 antifungals) were utilized across the entire cohort. A higher incidence of AKI was significantly associated with the use of intravenous ciprofloxacin, foscarnet (FCN), ganciclovir (GCV), liposomal amphotericin B (L-AMB), meropenem (MEPM), PIPC/TAZ, and VCM (p &lt; 0.05). Next, we investigated the synergistic impacts of using anti-pseudomonal antibiotics and anti-methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) agents, because empiric treatment of febrile neutropenia after HCT often relies on this combination, i.e. CFPM, PIPC/TAZ, or MEPM in combination with VCM or teicoplanin (TEIC). As a result, sole administration of VCM was associated with a higher incidence of AKI; this effect was enhanced when VCM was used in combination with PIPC/TAZ (HR = 3.03, p &lt; 0.01 for VCM without PIPC/TAZ; HR = 4.38, p &lt; 0.01 for VCM with PIPC/TAZ), indicating the existence of interaction between VCM and PIPC/TAZ. However, for the concomitant use of VCM plus CFPM or MEPM, no synergistic interaction was observed with regard to the increased incidence of AKI. In addition, administration of TEIC alone and any combination used with TEIC were not associated with an increased risk of AKI. An increased risk of AKI was also confirmed for the combination of MEPM plus GCV or FCN, and GCV plus L-AMB. Conclusions: AKI was significantly associated with poorer OS, and specific antimicrobial combinations were suggested to increase the risk of AKI. Avoidance of such combinations should be considered to preserve renal function and to reduce AKI-related morbidity and mortality. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Incidence of Acute Kidney Injury in Intermittent Versus Continuous Infusion of Polymyxin B in Hospitalized Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 886-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yarelis Alvarado Reyes ◽  
Raquel Cruz ◽  
Julia Gonzalez ◽  
Yeiry Perez ◽  
William R. Wolowich
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Continuous Infusion ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Hospital Length ◽  
Hospital Length Of Stay ◽  
Baseline Serum ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Dosing Strategies

Background: Studies evaluating the risk of developing acute kidney injury (AKI) with different dosing strategies of polymyxin B are limited. Objectives: To compare the incidence of AKI in patients treated with intermittent versus continuous polymyxin B therapy. Secondary objectives included time to onset of AKI, hospital length of stay (LOS), and all-cause hospital mortality. Variables associated with an increased risk of AKI were evaluated. Methods: A retrospective record review was conducted at a single center in Puerto Rico. Adult patients (≥18 years old) treated with polymyxin B (first course) for at least 48 hours from 2013-2015 were evaluated. Patients with a creatinine clearance <10 mL/min and/or on renal replacement were excluded. Results: A total of 69 patients were included: 42 in the continuous infusion and 27 in the intermittent dosing group. Incidence of AKI was not significantly different between the groups (intermittent 41% vs continuous 31%, P = 0.4). No difference was found in the onset of nephrotoxicity, hospital LOS, or all-cause hospital mortality. Variables associated with increased risk of AKI were baseline serum creatinine, age, and intensive care unit admission. Patients with a body mass index (BMI) >25 kg/m2 on polymyxin B via continuous infusion had a significantly higher cumulative incidence of AKI ( P = 0.016). Conclusion and Relevance: No difference in the risk of polymyxin B nephrotoxicity was found between intermittent and continuous infusion administration. Administration of polymyxin B via a continuous infusion may result in a higher risk of AKI in patients with a BMI >25 kg/m2.

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