scholarly journals A functional MRI study of presurgical cognitive deficits in glioma patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena T Schouwenaars ◽  
Miek J de Dreu ◽  
Geert-Jan M Rutten ◽  
Nick F Ramsey ◽  
Johan M Jansma
Keyword(s):  
Functional Mri ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Neuropsychological Testing ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
High Grade Glioma ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Brain State ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Activity Levels

Abstract Background The main goal of this functional MRI (fMRI) study was to examine whether cognitive deficits in glioma patients prior to treatment are associated with abnormal brain activity in either the central executive network (CEN) or default mode network (DMN). Methods Forty-six glioma patients, and 23 group-matched healthy controls (HCs) participated in this fMRI experiment, performing an N-back task. Additionally, cognitive profiles of patients were evaluated outside the scanner. A region of interest–based analysis was used to compare brain activity in CEN and DMN between groups. Post hoc analyses were performed to evaluate differences between low-grade glioma (LGG) and high-grade glioma (HGG) patients. Results In-scanner performance was lower in glioma patients compared to HCs. Neuropsychological testing indicated cognitive impairment in LGG as well as HGG patients. fMRI results revealed normal CEN activation in glioma patients, whereas patients showed reduced DMN deactivation compared to HCs. Brain activity levels did not differ between LGG and HGG patients. Conclusions Our study suggests that cognitive deficits in glioma patients prior to treatment are associated with reduced responsiveness of the DMN, but not with abnormal CEN activation. These results suggest that cognitive deficits in glioma patients reflect a reduced capacity to achieve a brain state necessary for normal cognitive performance, rather than abnormal functioning of executive brain regions. Solely focusing on increases in brain activity may well be insufficient if we want to understand the underlying brain mechanism of cognitive impairments in patients, as our results indicate the importance of assessing deactivation.

scholarly journals Efficiency of High and Standard b Value Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Grading of Gliomas

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mansour Al-Agha ◽  
Khaled Abushab ◽  
Khetam Quffa ◽  
Samy Al-Agha ◽  
Yasser Alajerami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preoperative Evaluation ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
High Grade Glioma ◽  
B Value ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Adc Values

Background. Glioma is the most common fatal malignant tumor of the CNS. Early detection of glioma grades based on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) properties is considered one of the most recent noninvasive promising tools in the assessment of glioma grade and could be helpful in monitoring patient prognosis and response to therapy. Aim. This study aimed to investigate the accuracy of DWI at both standard and high b values (b = 1000 s/mm2 and b = 3000 s/mm2) to distinguish high-grade glioma (HGG) from low-grade glioma (LGG) in clinical practice based on histopathological results. Materials and Methods. Twenty-three patients with glioma had DWI at l.5 T MR using two different b values (b = 1000 s/mm2 and b = 3000 s/mm2) at Al-Shifa Medical Complex after obtaining ethical and administrative approvals, and data were collected from March 2019 to March 2020. Minimum, maximum, and mean of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were measured through drawing region of interest (ROI) on a solid part at ADC maps. Data were analyzed by using the MedCalc analysis program, version 19.0.4, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was done, and optimal cutoff values for grading gliomas were determined. Sensitivity and specificity were also calculated. Results. The obtained results showed the ADCmean, ADCratio, ADCmax, and ADCmin were performed to differentiate between LGG and HGG at both standard and high b values. Moreover, ADC values were inversely proportional to glioma grade, and these differences are more obvious at high b value. Minimum ADC values using standard b value were 1.13 ± 0.17 × 10−3 mm2/s, 0.89 ± 0.85 × 10−3 mm2/s, and 0.82 ± 0.17 × 10−3 mm2/s for grades II, III, and IV, respectively. Concerning high b value, ADCmin values were 0.76 ± 0.07 × 10−3 mm2/s, 0.61 ± 0.01 × 10−3 mm2/s, and 0.48 ± 0.07 × 10−3 mm2/s for grades II, III, and IV, respectively. ADC values were inversely correlated with results of glioma grades, and the correlation was stronger at ADC3000 (r = −0.722, P≤0.001). The ADC3000 achieved the highest diagnostic accuracy with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.618, 100% sensitivity, 85.7% specificity, and 85.7% accuracy for glioma grading at a cutoff point of ≤0.618 × 10−3 mm2/s. The high b value showed stronger agreement with histopathology compared with standard b value results (k = 0.89 and 0.79), respectively. Conclusion. The ADC values decrease with an increase in tumor cellularity. Meanwhile, high b value provides better tissue contrast by reflecting more tissue diffusivity. Therefore, ADC-derived parameters at high b value are more useful in the grading of glioma than those obtained at standard b value. They might be a better surrogate imaging sequence in the preoperative evaluation of gliomas.

scholarly journals Macroscopic quantities of collective brain activity during wakefulness and anesthesia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrián Ponce-Alvarez ◽  
Lynn Uhrig ◽  
Nikolas Deco ◽  
Camilo M. Signorelli ◽  
Morten L. Kringelbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Brain State ◽  
Loss Of Consciousness ◽  
Information Theoretic ◽  
Maximum Entropy Models ◽  
Information Theoretic Measures ◽  
Brain States ◽  
Parietal Cortices ◽  
The Brain

AbstractThe study of states of arousal is key to understand the principles of consciousness. Yet, how different brain states emerge from the collective activity of brain regions remains unknown. Here, we studied the fMRI brain activity of monkeys during wakefulness and anesthesia-induced loss of consciousness. Using maximum entropy models, we derived collective, macroscopic properties that quantify the system’s capabilities to produce work, to contain information and to transmit it, and that indicate a phase transition from critical awake dynamics to supercritical anesthetized states. Moreover, information-theoretic measures identified those parameters that impacted the most the network dynamics. We found that changes in brain state and in state of consciousness primarily depended on changes in network couplings of insular, cingulate, and parietal cortices. Our findings suggest that the brain state transition underlying the loss of consciousness is predominantly driven by the uncoupling of specific brain regions from the rest of the network.

A Resting-State Functional MRI Study in Patients with Vestibular Migraine During Interictal Period

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuqing Wang ◽  
Haiping Wang ◽  
Xuejun Liu ◽  
Wenjing Yan ◽  
Minghui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Mri ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Vestibular Migraine ◽  
Lingual Gyrus ◽  
The Right ◽  
Mri Study

Abstract AimTo evaluate the spontaneous neuronal activities and the changes of brain functional network in patients with vestibular migraine (VM) using resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) during the interictal period.MethodsThree groups included 18 patients with VM, 21 patients with MWoA and 21 HCs underwent the scanning of the resting-state fMRI. First, brain regions with significant differentia of amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF) values were obtained. Secondly, functional connectivity (FC) analysis was performed in the brain region(s) with the most significant differentia of ALFF values which was defined as region of interest (ROI).Results(1) Compared with healthy volunteers, patients with VM and patients with MWoA showed significant ALFF decrease in the right putamen (P<0.05), and significant ALFF increase in the right lingual gyrus (P<0.05). What’s more, compared with patients with MWoA, patients with VM showed significant ALFF increase in the right lingual gyrus (P<0.05). In addition, we found that ALFF values in the right putamen of patients with VM were negatively correlated with the duration of migraine and the frequency of migraine attacks (P<0.05). (2) Compared with HCs, patients with VM showed significant FC increase among the cerebellum, the left dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus and the right putamen (P<0.05) but significant decrease among the left median cingulate, paracingulate gyri and the right putamen (P<0.05). Compared with patients with MWoA, patients with VM showed significant FC increase between the cerebellum and the right putamen (P<0.05) but significant FC decrease among the left median cingulate, paracingulate gyri and the right putamen (P<0.05).ConclusionThere are functional abnormalities in nociceptive, vestibular and visual cortex regions in patients with VM during the interictal period.

scholarly journals Human Brain Activity Predicts Individual Differences in Prior Knowledge Use during Decisions

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1462-1475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen A. Hansen ◽  
Sarah F. Hillenbrand ◽  
Leslie G. Ungerleider
Keyword(s):  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Insula ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Knowledge Use ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Tuning Curves ◽  
Abstract Shapes

Studies by cognitive psychologists, psychophysicists, neuroscientists, and economists provide ample evidence that humans use prior knowledge to bias decisions adaptively. In this study, we sought to locate and investigate the brain areas mediating this behavior. Participants viewed ambiguous abstract shapes and decided whether a shape was of Category A (smoother) or B (bumpier). The decision was made in the context of one of two prior knowledge cues, 80/20 and 50/50. The 80/20 cue indicated that upcoming shapes had an 80% probability of being of one category, for example, B, and a 20% probability of being of the other. The 50/50 cue indicated that upcoming shapes had an equal probability of being of either category. The shift in bias produced by the 80/20 cue relative to the 50/50 cue was of the predicted sign for every subject but varied in magnitude. We searched for brain regions in which activity changes correlated with the extent of the bias shift; these were dorsolateral pFC (middle frontal gyrus), inferior frontal junction, anterior insula, inferior parietal lobule, intraparietal sulcus, head of the caudate, posterior cingulate cortex, and fusiform gyrus. The findings indicate that an individual's brain activity in these regions reflects the extent to which that individual makes use of prior knowledge to bias decisions. We also created within-ROI tuning curves by binning the shape curvature levels and plotting brain activity levels at each of the nine bins. In the fronto-parietal and anterior insula ROIs, the tuning curves peaked at targets contraindicated by the prior knowledge cue (e.g., Category B targets if the 80/20 cue meant 20% probability B). The increased activity in these regions likely indicates a no-go response when sufficient perceptual evidence favored the alternative contraindicated by the 80/20 cue.

scholarly journals Contralesional Structural Plasticity in Different Molecular Pathologic Subtypes of Insular Glioma

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenxing Huang ◽  
Gen Li ◽  
Zhenye Li ◽  
Shengjun Sun ◽  
Yazhuo Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histological Grade ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
High Grade Glioma ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Idh Mutation ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Promoter Mutation ◽  
1P19q Codeletion

Neuroplasticity may preserve neurologic function in insular glioma, thereby improving prognosis following resection. However, the anatomic and molecular bases of this phenomenon are not known. To address this gap in knowledge, the present study investigated contralesional compensation in different molecular pathologic subtypes of insular glioma by high-resolution three-dimensional T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance imaging. A total of 52 patients with insular glioma were examined. We compared the gray matter volume (GMV) of the contralesional insula according to histological grade [low-grade glioma (LGG) and high-grade glioma (HGG)] and molecular pathology status [isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation, telomerase reverse-transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutation, and 1p19q codeletion] by voxel-based morphometry (VBM). A cluster of 320 voxels in contralesional insula with higher GMV was observed in glioma with IDH mutation as compared to IDH wild-type tumors by region of interest-based VBM analysis (family-wise error-corrected at p &lt; 0.05). The GMV of the entire contralesional insula was also larger in insular glioma patients with IDH mutation than in patients with wild-type IDH. However, there was no association between histological grade, TERT promoter mutation, or 1p19q codeletion and GMV in the contralesional insula. Thus, IDH mutation is associated with greater structural compensation in insular glioma. These findings may be useful for predicting neurocognitive and functional outcomes in patients undergoing resection surgery.

scholarly journals Origin of Slow Spontaneous Resting-State Neuronal Fluctuations in Brain Networks

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giri P. Krishnan ◽  
Oscar C. González ◽  
Maxim Bazhenov
Keyword(s):  
Computational Model ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Brain State ◽  
The Brain

AbstractResting or baseline state low frequency (0.01-0.2 Hz) brain activity has been observed in fMRI, EEG and LFP recordings. These fluctuations were found to be correlated across brain regions, and are thought to reflect neuronal activity fluctuations between functionally connected areas of the brain. However, the origin of these infra-slow fluctuations remains unknown. Here, using a detailed computational model of the brain network, we show that spontaneous infra-slow (< 0.05 Hz) fluctuations could originate due to the ion concentration dynamics. The computational model implemented dynamics for intra and extracellular K+ and Na+ and intracellular Cl- ions, Na+/K+ exchange pump, and KCC2 co-transporter. In the network model representing resting awake-like brain state, we observed slow fluctuations in the extracellular K+ concentration, Na+/K+ pump activation, firing rate of neurons and local field potentials. Holding K+ concentration constant prevented generation of these fluctuations. The amplitude and peak frequency of this activity were modulated by Na+/K+ pump, AMPA/GABA synaptic currents and glial properties. Further, in a large-scale network with long-range connections based on CoCoMac connectivity data, the infra-slow fluctuations became synchronized among remote clusters similar to the resting-state networks observed in vivo. Overall, our study proposes that ion concentration dynamics mediated by neuronal and glial activity may contribute to the generation of very slow spontaneous fluctuations of brain activity that are observed as the resting-state fluctuations in fMRI and EEG recordings.

Reproducibility of human brain activity evoked by esophageal stimulation using functional magnetic resonance imaging

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (1) ◽  
pp. G188-G197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Coen ◽  
Lloyd J. Gregory ◽  
Lidia Yágüez ◽  
Edson Amaro ◽  
Mick Brammer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Functional Mri ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Primary Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Painful Stimulation

Functional MRI is a popular tool for investigating central processing of visceral pain in healthy and clinical populations. Despite this, the reproducibility of the neural correlates of visceral sensation by use of functional MRI remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to address this issue. Seven healthy right-handed volunteers participated in the study. Blood oxygen level-dependent contrast images were acquired at 1.5 T while subjects received nonpainful and painful phasic balloon distensions (“on-off” block design, 10 stimuli per “on” period, 0.3 Hz) to the distal esophagus. This procedure was repeated on two further occasions to investigate reproducibility. Painful stimulation resulted in highly reproducible activation over three scanning sessions in the anterior insula, primary somatosensory cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex. A significant decrease in strength of activation occurred from session 1 to session 3 in the anterior cingulate cortex, primary somatosensory cortex, and supplementary motor cortex, which may be explained by an analogous decrease in pain ratings. Nonpainful stimulation activated similar brain regions to painful stimulation, but with greater variability in signal strength and regions of activation between scans. Painful stimulation of the esophagus produces robust activation in many brain regions. A decrease in subjective perception of pain and brain activity from the first to the final scan suggests that serial brain imaging studies may be affected by habituation. These findings indicate that for brain imaging studies that require serial scanning, development of experimental paradigms that control for the effect of habituation is necessary.

Neurocognitive Function in Newly Diagnosed Low-grade Glioma Patients Undergoing Surgical Resection With Awake Mapping Techniques

Neurosurgery ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline A. Racine ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Annette M. Molinaro ◽  
Nicholas Butowski ◽  
Mitchel S. Berger
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Resection ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Neuropsychological Testing ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Low Grade Glioma ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Cognitive Screening ◽  
Mapping Techniques

Abstract BACKGROUND: Low-grade glioma (LGG) patients have increased life expectancy, so interest is high in the treatments that maximize cognition and quality of life. OBJECTIVE: To examine presurgical baseline cognitive deficits in a case series of LGG patients and determine cognitive effects of surgical resection with awake mapping. METHODS: We retrospectively assessed neurological deficits, subjective concerns from patient or caregiver, and cognitive deficits at baseline and postsurgery for 22 patients with newly diagnosed LGG who underwent baseline neuropsychological evaluation and magnetic resonance imaging before awake surgical resection with mapping. Twelve of the 22 patients returned for postoperative evaluation approximately 7 months after surgery. RESULTS: At baseline, 92% of patients/caregivers reported changes in cognition or mood. Neurological examinations and Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale scores were largely normal; however, on many tests of memory and language, nearly half of individuals showed deficits. After surgery, 45% had no deficits on neurological examination, whereas 55% had only transient or mild difficulties. Follow-up neuropsychological testing found most performances stable to improved, particularly in language, although some patients showed declines on memory tasks. CONCLUSION: Most LGG patients in this series presented with normal neurological examinations and cognitive screening, but showed subjective cognitive and mood concerns and cognitive decline on neuropsychological testing, suggesting the importance of comprehensive evaluation. After awake mapping, language tended to be preserved, but memory demonstrated decline in some patients. These results highlight the importance of establishing a cognitive baseline before surgical resection and further suggest that awake mapping techniques provide reasonable language outcomes in individuals with LGG in eloquent regions.

scholarly journals Reward biases spontaneous neural reactivation during sleep

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginie Sterpenich ◽  
Mojca K. M. van Schie ◽  
Maximilien Catsiyannis ◽  
Avinash Ramyead ◽  
Stephen Perrig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Mri ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Neural Mechanism ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Evolutionary Perspective ◽  
Neural Representations

AbstractSleep favors the reactivation and consolidation of newly acquired memories. Yet, how our brain selects the noteworthy information to be reprocessed during sleep remains largely unknown. From an evolutionary perspective, individuals must retain information that promotes survival, such as avoiding dangers, finding food, or obtaining praise or money. Here, we test whether neural representations of rewarded (compared to non-rewarded) events have priority for reactivation during sleep. Using functional MRI and a brain decoding approach, we show that patterns of brain activity observed during waking behavior spontaneously reemerge during slow-wave sleep. Critically, we report a privileged reactivation of neural patterns previously associated with a rewarded task (i.e., winning at a complex game). Moreover, during sleep, activity in task-related brain regions correlates with better subsequent memory performance. Our study uncovers a neural mechanism whereby rewarded life experiences are preferentially replayed and consolidated while we sleep.

scholarly journals Trust me if you can – neurophysiological insights on the influence of consumer impulsiveness on trustworthiness evaluations in online settings

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 118-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Hubert ◽  
Mirja Hubert ◽  
Marc Linzmajer ◽  
René Riedl ◽  
Peter Kenning
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Dorsal Striatum ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Neural Activation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Brain Functions

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine how consumer personality trait impulsiveness influences trustworthiness evaluations of online-offers with different trust-assuring and trust-reducing elements by measuring the brain activity of consumers. Shoppers with high degrees of impulsiveness are referred to as hedonic shoppers, and those with low degrees are referred to as prudent consumers. Design/methodology/approach To investigate the differences between neural processes in the brains of hedonic and prudent shoppers during the trustworthiness evaluation of online-offers, the present study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and region-of-interest analysis to correlate neural activity patterns with behavioral measures of the study participants. Findings Drawing upon literature reviews on the neural correlates of both trust in online settings and consumer impulsiveness and using an experimental design that links behavioral and fMRI data, the study shows that consumer impulsiveness can exert a significant influence on the evaluation of online-offers. With regard to brain activation, both groups (hedonic and prudent shoppers) exhibit similar neural activation tendencies, but differences exist in the magnitude of activation patterns in brain regions that are closely related to trust and impulsiveness such as the dorsal striatum, anterior cingulate, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the insula cortex. Research limitations/implications The data provide evidence that consumers within the hedonic group evaluate online-offers differently with regard to their trustworthiness compared to the prudent group, and that these differences in evaluation are rooted in neural activation differences in the shoppers’ brains. Practical implications Marketers need to be made aware of the fact that neurological insights can be used for market segmentation, because consumers’ decision-making processes help explain behavioral outcomes (here, trustworthiness evaluations of online-offers). In addition, consumers can learn from an advanced understanding of their brain functions during decision-making and their relation to personal traits such as impulsiveness. Originality/value Considering the importance of trust in online shopping, as well as the fact that personality traits such as impulsiveness influence the purchase process to a high degree, this study is the first to systematically investigate the interplay of online trustworthiness perceptions and differences in consumer impulsiveness with neuroscientific methods.

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