Dietary interventions, intestinal microenvironment, and obesity: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (9) ◽  
pp. 601-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnny G Santos ◽  
Bruna C Alves ◽  
Thais O Hammes ◽  
Valesca Dall’Alba
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Context Obesity has been linked to the intestinal microenvironment. Diet plays an important role in obesity and has been associated with microbiota. Objective This systematic review sought to evaluate the scientific evidence on the effect of dietary modification, including supplementation with prebiotics and probiotics, on microbiota diversity in obesity. Data sources A systematic search was performed in the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. Studies were considered eligible if they were clinical trials evaluating dietary intervention and microbiota, body weight, or clinical parameters in obesity. Data extraction Data were extracted by 2 independent reviewers. Results From 168 articles identified, 20 were included (n = 931 participants). Increased phyla abundance after food interventions was the main finding in relation to microbiota. Regarding the impact of interventions, increased insulin sensitivity, reduced levels of inflammatory markers, and reduced body mass index were shown in several studies. Conclusions Interventions that modulate microbiota, especially prebiotics, show encouraging results in treating obesity, improving insulin levels, inflammatory markers, and body mass index. Because the studies included in this review were heterogeneous, it is difficult to achieve conclusive and definitive results.

The impact of pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain on placental abruption risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 300 (5) ◽  
pp. 1201-1210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akilew A. Adane ◽  
Carrington C. J. Shepherd ◽  
Faye J. Lim ◽  
Scott W. White ◽  
Brad M. Farrant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Placental Abruption ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Body mass index and outcomes of patients with laparoscopic adrenalectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e028579
Author(s):  
Celestin Danwang ◽  
Valirie Ndip Agbor ◽  
Jean Joel Bigna
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Citation Index ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Russian Science Citation Index ◽  
Statistical Heterogeneity ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionRecent advances in the field of medical imaging and minimal invasive surgery have improved the diagnosis and treatment of adrenal incidentalomas. Recent studies suggest increased morbidity and mortality among patients with obesity following laparoscopic adrenalectomy compared with patients without obesity. However, this claim remains to be ascertained. This review seeks to assess the outcome of patients with and without obesity after adrenalectomy.Methods and designWe will include cohort studies, case-control studies, cross-sectional studies and case series with more than 30 participants. EMBASE, Medline and Web of Science (Web of Science Core Collection, Current Contents Connect, KCI-Korean Journal Database, SciELO Citation Index, Russian Science Citation Index) will be searched for relevant abstracts of studies published between 1 January 2000 and 31 May 2019, without language restriction. The review will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines. After screening of abstracts, study selection, data extraction and methodological quality assessment, we shall assess the studies individually for clinical and statistical heterogeneity. Random-effect meta-analysis will be used to pool studies judged to be clinically homogenous. The Harbord’s test and visual inspection of funnel plots will be used to assess publication bias. Results will be presented by country and region.Ethics and disseminationSince primary data are not collected in this study, ethical approval is not required. This review is expected to provide relevant data on the impact of body mass index on the outcome of laparoscopic adrenalectomy. The final report will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018117070.Review statusPreliminary searches.

The impact of body mass index on quantitative 24-h urine chemistries in stone forming patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Urolithiasis ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 523-533
Author(s):  
Qing Wang ◽  
Weijie Hu ◽  
Yuchao Lu ◽  
Henglong Hu ◽  
Jiaqiao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Impact

Influence of increased body mass index on orthodontic tooth movement and related parameters in children and adolescents: A systematic review of longitudinal controlled clinical studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Michelogiannakis ◽  
P Emile Rossouw ◽  
Junad Khan ◽  
Zohaib Akram ◽  
Evangelos Menenakos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: To assess the impact of increased body mass index (BMI) on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) and related parameters in children and adolescents. Search sources: A search of six electronic databases and manual searching were performed up to June 2019 without language and time restrictions. Data selection: Eligibility criteria were as follows: (1) longitudinal controlled clinical studies; (2) children and adolescents undergoing orthodontic therapy (OT); (3) no systemic diseases; (4) experimental group: patients with increased BMI; and (5) control group: patients with normal BMI. Data extraction: Screening, study selection and data extraction were performed; bias within studies was assessed using the Risk of Bias In Non-randomised Studies (ROBINS-I) tool. Results: Seven studies were included. One study showed that an increased BMI is associated with less wear-time of removable orthodontic appliances and one study found no significant association. One study showed that an increased BMI is associated with less cooperation during OT; however, not with the treatment results. One study reported higher pain experience during OT in adolescents with than without increased BMI. Two studies showed that increased BMI in adolescents is related to OTM, one with increased and one with decreased rates of OTM, respectively. One study reported an association between increased BMI and incidence of white spot lesions and gingivitis during OT. The ROBINS-I tool showed low to moderate risk of bias within studies. Conclusions: The influence of BMI on OTM and related parameters in children and adolescents remains debatable.

scholarly journals Theoretical Explanation for Reduced Body Mass Index and Obesity Rates in Cannabis Users

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Clark ◽  
Jessica Jones, ◽  
Alexis Hall ◽  
Sara Tabner ◽  
Rebecca Kmiec
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
The United States ◽  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
The Impact

Obesity is treatment-resistant, and is linked with a number of serious, chronic diseases. Adult obesity rates in the United States have tripled since the early 1960s. Recent reviews show that an increased ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids contributes to obesity rates by increasing levels of the endocannabinoid signals AEA and 2-AG, overstimulating CB1R and leading to increased caloric intake, reduced metabolic rates, and weight gain. Cannabis, or THC, also stimulates CB1R and increases caloric intake during acute exposures. The present meta-analysis reveals significantly reduced body mass index and rates of obesity in Cannabis users, in conjunction with increased caloric intake. We provide for the first time a causative explanation for this paradox, in which rapid and long-lasting downregulation of CB1R following acute Cannabis consumption reduces energy intake and storage and increases metabolic rates, thus reversing the impact on body mass index of elevated dietary omega-6/omega-3 ratios.

Rheumatoid arthritis and dietary interventions: systematic review of clinical trials

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Philippou ◽  
Sara Danuta Petersson ◽  
Carrie Rodomar ◽  
Elena Nikiphorou
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Context The impact of various dietary interventions on rheumatoid arthritis (RA), characterized by immune-inflammatory response, has been subject to increased attention. Objective A systematic review was conducted to update the current knowledge on the effects of nutritional, dietary supplement, and fasting interventions on RA outcomes. Data Sources Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, with prespecification of all methods, Medline and Embase were systematically searched for relevant articles. Data Extraction Data were extracted by 2 independent reviewers. Results A total of 70 human studies were identified. Administration of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids at high doses resulted in a reduction in RA disease activity and a lower failure rate of pharmacotherapy. Vitamin D supplementation and dietary sodium restriction were beneficial on some RA outcomes. Fasting resulted in significant but transient subjective improvements. While the Mediterranean diet demonstrated improvements in some RA disease activity measures, outcomes from vegetarian, elimination, peptide, or elemental diets suggested that responses are very individualized. Conclusion Some dietary approaches may improve RA symptoms and thus it is recommended that nutrition should be routinely addressed.

Predictors of nonroutine discharge among patients undergoing surgery for grade I spondylolisthesis: insights from the Quality Outcomes Database

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Praveen V. Mummaneni ◽  
Mohamad Bydon ◽  
John Knightly ◽  
Mohammed Ali Alvi ◽  
Anshit Goyal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Acute Care ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Quality Outcomes ◽  
Acute Care Facility ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
The Impact

OBJECTIVEDischarge to an inpatient rehabilitation facility or another acute-care facility not only constitutes a postoperative challenge for patients and their care team but also contributes significantly to healthcare costs. In this era of changing dynamics of healthcare payment models in which cost overruns are being increasingly shifted to surgeons and hospitals, it is important to better understand outcomes such as discharge disposition. In the current article, the authors sought to develop a predictive model for factors associated with nonroutine discharge after surgery for grade I spondylolisthesis.METHODSThe authors queried the Quality Outcomes Database for patients with grade I lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis who underwent a surgical intervention between July 2014 and June 2016. Only those patients enrolled in a multisite study investigating the impact of fusion on clinical and patient-reported outcomes among patients with grade I spondylolisthesis were evaluated. Nonroutine discharge was defined as those who were discharged to a postacute or nonacute-care setting in the same hospital or transferred to another acute-care facility.RESULTSOf the 608 patients eligible for inclusion, 9.4% (n = 57) had a nonroutine discharge (8.7%, n = 53 discharged to inpatient postacute or nonacute care in the same hospital and 0.7%, n = 4 transferred to another acute-care facility). Compared to patients who were discharged to home, patients who had a nonroutine discharge were more likely to have diabetes (26.3%, n = 15 vs 15.7%, n = 86, p = 0.039); impaired ambulation (26.3%, n = 15 vs 10.2%, n = 56, p < 0.001); higher Oswestry Disability Index at baseline (51 [IQR 42–62.12] vs 46 [IQR 34.4–58], p = 0.014); lower EuroQol-5D scores (0.437 [IQR 0.308–0.708] vs 0.597 [IQR 0.358–0.708], p = 0.010); higher American Society of Anesthesiologists score (3 or 4: 63.2%, n = 36 vs 36.7%, n = 201, p = 0.002); and longer length of stay (4 days [IQR 3–5] vs 2 days [IQR 1–3], p < 0.001); and were more likely to suffer a complication (14%, n = 8 vs 5.6%, n = 31, p = 0.014). On multivariable logistic regression, factors found to be independently associated with higher odds of nonroutine discharge included older age (interquartile OR 9.14, 95% CI 3.79–22.1, p < 0.001), higher body mass index (interquartile OR 2.04, 95% CI 1.31–3.25, p < 0.001), presence of depression (OR 4.28, 95% CI 1.96–9.35, p < 0.001), fusion surgery compared with decompression alone (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1–1.6, p < 0.001), and any complication (OR 3.9, 95% CI 1.4–10.9, p < 0.001).CONCLUSIONSIn this multisite study of a defined cohort of patients undergoing surgery for grade I spondylolisthesis, factors associated with higher odds of nonroutine discharge included older age, higher body mass index, presence of depression, and occurrence of any complication.

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