Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei Boeke
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Politics ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Al Qaeda ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Think Tank ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Sub Saharan

Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) is a branch of the al-Qaeda terrorist movement that is active in the Sahel countries. It has been responsible for many attacks and hostage-takings in North as well as sub-Saharan Africa, and has targeted French and Western interests, as well as local governments (which are seen as stooges of the West). Although AQIM is continually in flux, this bibliography aims to provide initial pointers for historical research covering the group’s background and developments. Since much research and reporting on Sahel developments emanates from the Francophone world, this bibliography does not distinguish between French or English sources, and includes French articles and books that are worthy of study (but refers to the English translation if one is present). A recurrent challenge in terrorism research is the reliance on secondary sources, in part as a result of the limited availability of primary sources. This also applies to AQIM, and the bibliography starts by mentioning some of the primary sources available. Most secondary sources mentioned here are academic articles and think-tank reports. Few books have been written focusing solely on AQIM; those that have are often more journalistic than academic in nature, and some lack references. After listing several primary source works and avenues, this bibliography mentions articles covering the GIA and GSPC; AQIM’s ancestral roots. The next section focuses on academic works that analyze AQIM between its official inception in 2006 and the start of the Malian crisis of 2012. This cutoff date is important, as the group temporarily became the governing authority in northern Mali, effectively running its own “Islamic State.” Then the article focuses on the nexus between terrorism and crime, mentioning works that explore this theme for AQIM. One section subsequently focuses on the period 2012–2018, while another examines counterterrorism operations deployed in the Sahel. Finally, several ancillary works that cover AQIM—but not as the primary subject—are mentioned. Here the emphasis might lie elsewhere (e.g., local politics, Tuareg history, political Islam), but these works still offer valuable insights for the study of AQIM.

scholarly journals The Current Status of International Partnerships for Child Surgery in Sub-Saharan Africa

2014 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 616-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian O. Ekenze ◽  
Okechukwu O. Onumaegbu ◽  
Okechukwu E. Nwankwo
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Politics ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Surgical Care ◽  
Host Community ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
International Partnerships ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Host Nation

Abstract Disparity still exists in the surgical care between sub-Saharan Africa and developed countries. Several international initiatives have been undertaken in the past decades to address the disparity. This study looks at the impact of these programs in child surgery in Sub-Saharan Africa. Review of electronic databases Medline and African Index Medicus on international partnerships for child surgery in Sub-Saharan Africa was undertaken. Four types of international initiatives were identified and consist of periodic medical missions; partnerships between foreign medical institutions or charities and local institutions; international health electives by surgical residents; and training of individual surgeons from developing countries in foreign institutions. The results of these efforts were variable, but sustainability and self-reliance of host nations were limited. Sociocultural factors, dearth of facilities, and lack of local governments' commitment were main impediments to effective local development or transfer of modern protocols of surgical management and improvement of pediatric surgical care at the host community level. Current initiatives may need improvements with better understanding of the sociocultural dynamics and local politics of the host nation, and improved host nation involvement and commitment. This may engender development of locally controlled viable services and sustainable high level of care.

scholarly journals Circular Bioeconomy Research for Development in Sub-Saharan Africa: Innovations, Gaps, and Actions

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiferaw Feleke ◽  
Steven Michael Cole ◽  
Haruna Sekabira ◽  
Rousseau Djouaka ◽  
Victor Manyong
Keyword(s):  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
International Institute ◽  
The Public ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Sub Saharan

The International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) has applied the concept of ‘circular bioeconomy’ to design solutions to address the degradation of natural resources, nutrient-depleted farming systems, hunger, and poverty in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Over the past decade, IITA has implemented ten circular bioeconomy focused research for development (R4D) interventions in several countries in the region. This article aims to assess the contributions of IITA’s circular bioeconomy focused innovations towards economic, social, and environmental outcomes using the outcome tracking approach, and identify areas for strengthening existing circular bioeconomy R4D interventions using the gap analysis method. Data used for the study came from secondary sources available in the public domain. Results indicate that IITA’s circular bioeconomy interventions led to ten technological innovations (bio-products) that translated into five economic, social, and environmental outcomes, including crop productivity, food security, resource use efficiency, job creation, and reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. Our gap analysis identified eight gaps leading to a portfolio of five actions needed to enhance the role of circular bioeconomy in SSA. The results showcase the utility of integrating a circular bioeconomy approach in R4D work, especially how using such an approach can lead to significant economic, social, and environmental outcomes. The evidence presented can help inform the development of a framework to guide circular bioeconomy R4D at IITA and other research institutes working in SSA. Generating a body of evidence on what works, including the institutional factors that create enabling environments for circular bioeconomy approaches to thrive, is necessary for governments and donors to support circular bioeconomy research that will help solve some of the most pressing challenges in SSA as populations grow and generate more waste, thus exacerbating a changing climate using the linear economy model.

The Urban Transition in Sub-Saharan Africa: Challenges and Opportunities

10.1068/c3p ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 466-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Kessides
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
National Development ◽  
Favourable Outcome ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Urban Transition ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Sub Saharan

In this paper I ask how the ongoing processes of urban and local government development in Sub-Saharan Africa can and should benefit the countries, and what conditions must be met to achieve this favourable outcome. The region faces close to a doubling of the urban population in fifteen years. This urban transition poses an opportunity as well as a management challenge. Urban areas represent underutilised resources that concentrate much of the countries' physical, financial, and intellectual capital. Therefore it is critical to understand how they can better serve the national growth and poverty reduction agendas. The paper challenges several common ‘myths’ that cloud discourse about urban development in Africa. I also take a hard look at what the urban transition can offer national development, and what support cities and local governments require to achieve these results. I argue that, rather than devoting more attention to debating the urban contribution to development in Africa, real energy needs to be spent unblocking it.

Using Sources In History Teaching

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-67
Author(s):  
Seema S.Ojha
Keyword(s):  
Deductive Reasoning ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
History Teaching ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Past ◽  
Teaching History ◽  
The World ◽  
Source Materials

History is constructed by people who study the past. It is created through working on both primary and secondary sources that historians use to learn about people, events, and everyday life in the past. Just like detectives, historians look at clues, sift through evidence, and make their own interpretations. Historical knowledge is, therefore, the outcome of a process of enquiry. During last century, the teaching of history has changed considerably. The use of sources, viz. textual, visual, and oral, in school classrooms in many parts of the world has already become an essential part of teaching history. However, in India, it is only a recent phenomenon. Introducing students to primary sources and making them a regular part of classroom lessons help students develop critical thinking and deductive reasoning skills. These will be useful throughout their lives. This paper highlights the benefits of using primary source materials in a history classroom and provides the teacher, with practical suggestions and examples of how to do this.

scholarly journals Deficit, Decay and Deprioritization of Transport Infrastructure in Nigeria: Policy Options for Sustainability

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lionel Effiom ◽  
Peter Ubi
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Road Infrastructure ◽  
The Public ◽  
Sub Saharan

<p>It is common knowledge that Nigeria’s road infrastructure, and indeed the general infrastructure of sub-Saharan Africa, is in a most despicable condition. This paper formalises this observation by providing current data to support the hypothesis. By deploying descriptive and theoretical methodological approaches, it demonstrates that road infrastructure is not only deteriorating but also suffers from a twin evil of deficit and deprioritisation in the public sector’s preferential scale–a state of indifference of sorts. Long and short term policy choices have to be made to urgently address the issue. In the short term, infrastructure concessions, public private partnerships (PPP), pension funds, sovereign wealth fund, savings from reduction in fuel subsidies, leveraging on the Africa Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) mechanism–are part of the portfolio of choices that government can readily choose from. In the long term however, the paper recommends increase in the statutory allocation to the states and local governments which would ensure that component units of the federation control more resources to deploy and develop infrastructure in their immediate domain.</p>

Cannabis and Tobacco in Precolonial and Colonial Africa

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris S. Duvall
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
Cash Crops ◽  
Tobacco Production ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Diverse Cultures

Cannabis and tobacco have longstanding roles in African societies. Despite botanical and pharmacological dissimilarities, it is worthwhile to consider tobacco and cannabis together because they have been for centuries the most commonly and widely smoked drug plants. Cannabis, the source of marijuana and hashish, was introduced to eastern Africa from southern Asia, and dispersed widely within Africa mostly after 1500. In sub-Saharan Africa, cannabis was taken into ethnobotanies that included pipe smoking, a practice invented in Africa; in Asia, it had been consumed orally. Smoking significantly changes the drug pharmacologically, and the African innovation of smoking cannabis initiated the now-global practice. Africans developed diverse cultures of cannabis use, including Central African practices that circulated widely in the Atlantic world via slave trading. Tobacco was introduced to Africa from the Americas in the late 1500s. It gained rapid, widespread popularity, and Africans developed distinctive modes of tobacco production and use. Primary sources on these plants are predominantly from European observers, which limits historical knowledge because Europeans strongly favored tobacco and were mostly ignorant or disdainful of African cannabis uses. Both plants have for centuries been important subsistence crops. Tobacco was traded across the continent beginning in the 1600s; cannabis was less valuable but widely exchanged by the same century, and probably earlier. Both plants became cash crops under colonial regimes. Tobacco helped sustain mercantilist and slave-trade economies, became a focus of colonial and postcolonial economic development efforts, and remains economically important. Cannabis was outlawed across most of the continent by 1920. Africans resisted its prohibition, and cannabis production remains economically significant despite its continued illegality.

Supporting the future of municipal bonds in sub-Saharan Africa: the centrality of enabling environments and regulatory frameworks

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Gorelick
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Municipal Bonds ◽  
Municipal Bond ◽  
Regulatory Systems ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
The Future ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
National Governments

This article explores the universal obstacles limiting sub-national governments from using municipal bonds. Specifically, it examines four case studies – Johannesburg, Douala, Dakar and Kampala – to understand their approaches to municipal bond issuance. The chief obstacle to municipal bond issuance for raising funds relates to the constitutional and regulatory systems in each country. This represents a significant departure from the commonly-held understandings that cities in the region are not eligible for long-term debt, lack capacity, or are not viewed as creditworthy by purchasers of municipal bonds. The success of municipal bond issuance appears contingent on strong interlinkages between central and sub-national governments. This article critically reviews the powers granted to local governments under the countries’ constitutions, specifically the legislation that enables or prohibits municipalities from issuing bonds. Reform for a financially sustainable level of indebtedness for sub-sovereign governments is essential for the future growth of cities in sub-Saharan Africa.

scholarly journals Demographic Dividend in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA): A Far-Fetched Dream?

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sixtus Cyprian Onyekwere
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Demographic Dividend ◽  
African Region ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Social Amenities

This research was set out to assess whether ‘demographic dividend’ is a far-fetched dream for most countries in Sub Saharan Africa. To achieve this aim, the research draws from a wide range of secondary sources, including data from publications as well as past research and evidence gathered from this study shows that the Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) region is still at the early stage of demographic transition thereby lagging when compared to other regions. The research concluded by aligning with the position that achieving demographic dividend may be a far-fetch dream for most countries in the Sub Saharan African region. Some policy recommendations were made with key emphasis on education, dulling out of modern and safe contraception, bridging the gap of gender inequality and investing in social amenities.

scholarly journals Twenty years of integrated disease surveillance and response in Sub-Saharan Africa: challenges and opportunities for effective management of infectious disease epidemics

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene R. Mremi ◽  
Janeth George ◽  
Susan F. Rumisha ◽  
Calvin Sindato ◽  
Sharadhuli I. Kimera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Health Management Information System ◽  
Support Functions ◽  
Surveillance And Response ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Introduction This systematic review aimed to analyse the performance of the Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) strategy in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and how its implementation has embraced advancement in information technology, big data analytics techniques and wealth of data sources. Methods HINARI, PubMed, and advanced Google Scholar databases were searched for eligible articles. The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols. Results A total of 1,809 articles were identified and screened at two stages. Forty-five studies met the inclusion criteria, of which 35 were country-specific, seven covered the SSA region, and three covered 3–4 countries. Twenty-six studies assessed the IDSR core functions, 43 the support functions, while 24 addressed both functions. Most of the studies involved Tanzania (9), Ghana (6) and Uganda (5). The routine Health Management Information System (HMIS), which collects data from health care facilities, has remained the primary source of IDSR data. However, the system is characterised by inadequate data completeness, timeliness, quality, analysis and utilisation, and lack of integration of data from other sources. Under-use of advanced and big data analytical technologies in performing disease surveillance and relating multiple indicators minimises the optimisation of clinical and practice evidence-based decision-making. Conclusions This review indicates that most countries in SSA rely mainly on traditional indicator-based disease surveillance utilising data from healthcare facilities with limited use of data from other sources. It is high time that SSA countries consider and adopt multi-sectoral, multi-disease and multi-indicator platforms that integrate other sources of health information to provide support to effective detection and prompt response to public health threats.

scholarly journals Islamic State Central Africa Province (ISCAP)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-111
Author(s):  
Amanda Makosso ◽  
Auréole Collinet
Keyword(s):  
News Media ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Think Tanks ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Unstable Region ◽  
Political Landscape ◽  
Sub Saharan

The emergence of the Islamic State’s new affiliate—Islamic State Central Africa Province (ISCAP)—in Sub-Saharan Africa, has a devastating effect on the security and political landscape of an already fragile and unstable region. Based mainly on open sources, including think tanks, journals, U.N. reports, and news media, this paper attempts to understand the motivations and operations of the Islamic State fighters of this province and the dangers ISCAP presents to local and international actors.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document