Childhood in Japan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Williams
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Japanese Society ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Childhood Studies ◽  
Medical Studies ◽  
Japanese Children ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Citation Databases

This bibliography will introduce major sources on Japanese childhood studies, with an emphasis on sources in English. For the purposes of the current project, childhood will primarily mean the stage of life from birth to adolescence but will also depend on historical and cultural treatments of people as mature or immature, dependent or independent within Japanese society. This bibliography generally omits contemporary pediatric medical studies, studies of language acquisition in childhood, and studies of the impact of motherhood on women’s careers. However, it is worth noting that much research has been done in those areas for postwar and contemporary Japan and may be found across the major journals and citation databases for the sciences and social sciences. Historical treatments of related topics have been included in some cases because there is less research available on childhood and its place within Japanese society in earlier eras. Translations of primary sources for childhood in historical eras have been included where they are substantial, closely related to childhood, and accompanied by commentary and analysis. For the Meiji period and later, there are so many first-hand observations and memoirs that these could not be included. Secondary sources for these eras include some overviews of their primary sources, which may be helpful. Studies of childhood in China before the modern era may be relevant to traditional ideas about childhood in Japan and to early educational texts for Japanese children. For such topics, see the separate Oxford Bibliographies article Children’s Culture and Social Studies.

IMPACT OF CHANGES IN ORGANIZATION OF TROLLEYBUS LINE NO. 29 IN GDYNIA ON PASSENGERS’ TRAVEL BEHAVIOUR

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (0) ◽  
pp. 109-117
Author(s):  
Aleksander Jagiełło ◽  
Paweł Gałka
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behaviour ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Residential District ◽  
The Impact

This article provides research findings on the impact of changes in the organization of trolleybus line No. 29 on passengers’ travel behaviour, in particular the inhabitants of Fikakowo residential district in Gdynia. The article comprises the following sections: introduction, characteristics of line No. 29 and transport infrastructure and rolling stock in operation, presentation of the results of own studies and conclusion. In the article secondary sources were used (overview of literature and the organizer’s internal materials) as well as the primary sources (results of own research conducted under method of face-to-face, individual and standardized interviews).

scholarly journals Stereotypical Questions In The Organization Of The Process Of Teaching Children By Japanese Mothers

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (05) ◽  
pp. 513-520
Author(s):  
Nadira Tashmurzaevna Khalmurzaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Society ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Japanese Children ◽  
Raising Children ◽  
Great Responsibility ◽  
The Media ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The One ◽  
Japanese Mothers ◽  
The Impact

In the 1960s, for women raising children, the media called the phrase "教育 マ マ " "kyoiku mama" a "mentor for company employees." This includes mothers who act with great responsibility to "successfully pass the rigorous competitive tests required for children, especially boys, to enter high school or college." In Japanese society, the phrase "a father who parenting children" did not appear. It was the "mother of upbringing" "mother Kyoiku" who became a social phenomenon. In this article, Kyoiku mama ("教育 マ マ ") is a phraseological phrase that literally translates as "parenting mother." In this article, Kyoiku's mom is viewed as a stereotypical figure exploring maternal parenting for education of children in modern Japanese society. It also analyzes the impact and power of stereotypes on education problems in Japan. The article highlights the stereotypes about education in Japan, on the one side, the development of highly qualified young people in Japan, and on the other side, the stress of Japanese children due to the "hell of exams."

scholarly journals Higher Education and Graduate Employment in Albania

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Armanda Keqi
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
Public Universities ◽  
Economic Transition ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
The Public ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

In the social and economic transition, the Higher Education in Albania has tremendously ocercomed its capacities and the opportunities offered. Albania is considered the champion country in Europe for the high number of universities. Besides the public universities, in the country also operate dozens of private universities. in Albania there are about 20 universities per million inhabitants, (161500 students for a population of 2,8 million people), nearly eight times more than countries like UK that have internationalized higher education and have a very large percentage of foreign students. This paper takes into account the development of higher education and the responsible institutions of this development during the transition in Albania, the current structure of universities, the financial problems and the reform of higher education. It also examines issues such as: the measurement of quality, the ranking and the competition between public universities and private institutions. Then the focus of the paper runs on the employment of the young graduates who have finished albanian universities in the last five years. Firstly, relying on foreign literature, I have analyzed some of the main models of employment of graduates, their skills in the labor market, and also the changes that have occurred in the careers of the graduates in the last century. for the extraction of data are used questionnaires distributed electronically to over 230 employees that have brought significant conclusions about the employment of graduates in Albania, as well as the impact of such factors as: GPA, the training, the number of foreign languages spoken and other qualifications and skills that affect the level of salary and their position at work. Also starting from the above models, the scope is to identify the key elements that affect the careers of albanian graduates, and the key factors that have driven their employment. In the end of the paper are given some conclusions and recommendations on how higher education in Albania should be reformed, given by the sample responses of the interviewers, but also by a concrete analysis of the problems that are facing this sector in Albania, and how this reformation of higher education can increase its fruits on more qualified and employed youths in their respective fields. The methodology used is mainly from primary sources, ranging from the data collected by the respondents, as well as from secondary sources of data published for this area of study. The main limitation of such a work is the limited number of samples under the survey, the data of whom has been generalized for all the population of the paper.

scholarly journals El Instituto Internacional de Agricultura: España y la «cuestión social», 1905-1923

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrián Sánchez Castillo
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Social ◽  
Transnational Connections ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Labour Regulation

In the agrarian context of the early 20th century, networks of experts and interest groups were created. These formed institutions across state borders to achieve prestige derived from their supranational character and ostensible technical and scientific capacity. The objective of this article is to analyse the impact in Spain of the International Institute of Agriculture (IIA), from the year of its creation until the advent of the Primo de Rivera dictatorship, through the lens of the “social question”: a concept that popularized the proposals and disagreements surrounding labour regulation. The research draws from the latest contributions in transnational history and internationalism, recent secondary sources about the IIA and primary sources that reflect how transnational IIA networks worked in and with Spain to address agricultural labour issues. The article concludes that the intensely transnational connections between agrarian elites, owners and technicians in the early 20th century transformed social relations in agriculture and agrarian public policies in Spain.

scholarly journals COVID-19 AS WAKE-UP CALL TO RECONSIDER THE MAINSTREAM FINANCIAL PRACTICES: ISLAMIC FINANCE PERSPECTIVE

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Khaled Nour Aldeen
Keyword(s):  
Financial System ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Online Resources ◽  
Islamic Finance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Islamic Ethics ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Financial Transactions ◽  
The Impact

This paper aims to present recommendations that can immune a conventional financial system against the global crisis, particularly the Covid-19 pandemic crisis from the lens of Islamic finance. This paper contends that Islamic finance is a relatively immune financial system comparing to the mainstream financial system by eliminating Riba and considering only asset-backed transactions as fruitful ones. This paper begins with the conceptual investigation of the literature on the principles of Islamic finance. The literature’s origins include primary sources (Quraan and hadith) and secondary sources (books, journals, and online resources). This paper is only conceptual and does not aim to examine the issues or theories empirically. The article will be useful to develop hypotheses for future research, especially in Islamic finance. Islamic concepts will of interest, especially for countries that adopt the conventional financial system. This paper will also be useful in the introduction for both Islamic and conventional finance practitioners alike. This paper provides a conceptual model to substitute the dominant conventional economics. Highlights the necessary steps to reconsider the conventional financial system. Islamic finance can mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on the economies mainly because of the PLS (profit-loss sharing) system and Islamic ethics in financial transactions. The paper shows its originality in substance and makes a unique contribution to the literature on systems and ethics by emphasizing Islamic finance practices approaching an effective alternative to conventional finance. Keywords: Islamic finance, mainstream finance, Covid-19JEL Classifications: G00, Y9 

scholarly journals Foundation of Addis Ababa and the Emergence of Safars

2020 ◽  
pp. 103-120
Author(s):  
Endalew Djirata Fayisa
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
Secondary Data Sources ◽  
The Impact

The main purpose of this study was to reveal the impact of the eviction of the Oromo from their hereditary land of Finfinne and their possession by Menilek in the late 19th century. The study deals with the history of the transformation of Finfinne to Addis Ababa and the eviction of the Oromo from the area which followed by the emergence of different Safars. In this study, the socio-economic and political conditions of Finfinne Oromo and the surrounding are explored. After the eviction of the Oromo from Finfinne area, the settlement of different ethnic groups in the areas was also discussed. In this study the researcher attempted to employ both primary and secondary sources. The secondary data sources were collected through a brief review of related literatures by assessing published materials. The primary and unpublished data sources were collected through oral interview based on focused group and questionnaire. All these data were carefully analyzed and critically interpreted qualitatively according to the standardized rules and disciplines of social sciences. Even though some earlier attempts have been made by scholars to write the history of Finfinne, most of the areas have received only very minimal attention. Therefore, this article is an attempt to fill the gap that has been created so far by other scholars and something to contribute to the history of the foundation of Safars in Addis Ababa. The study, hence, tried to highlight the history of the foundation of different Safars until the dawn fall of the imperial regime. Certainly this study is far from being exhaustive. However, the researcher hopes it can at least serve as an introduction to give clue to the study of Finfinne history and the eviction of Oromo from the area which later on its name was changed by the imperial rule unjustifiably to Addis Ababa “New Flower”.

scholarly journals U-4 The role of custom and habit in the modern jurisprudence of the modern era

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-65
Author(s):  
Abdul Latif ◽  
Zia ur Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Primary Sources ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Holy Quran ◽  
The Holy Quran ◽  
Modern Era

  Islam is complete code of life. Its basic sources Quran O Sunnah provide a lot of material about life of man. It is said that Islam has been completed about 14 hundred years ago. How is Islam compatible with society whereas society is variable (changeable) with time? The answer is that solution of every problem is present in the Holy Quran and Sunnah. There are two ways of solving the problem. Firstly, primary sources (laws) creeds, worships and actions. Secondly, secondary sources, Qias, Ijtihad, Istis-habe-hal, msaleh mursla, custom, Habits and their rules and limitations.

scholarly journals Barrier To Entry Dalam Kebijakan Undang-Undang Nomor 33 Tahun 2014 Tentang Jaminan Produk Halal Menurut Putusan Dispute Settlement Body Nomor 484 Tentang Kasus Impor Daging Ayam Dan Olahan Daging Ayam Oleh Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-88
Author(s):  
Ahmad Farhan Hadad ◽  
Hasanudin Hasanudin ◽  
Indra Rahmatullah
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
Normative Approach ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Trade Law ◽  
International Trade Law ◽  
Barrier To Entry ◽  
Binding Power ◽  
The Impact

The main problem in this article is how the implementation of halal product guarantees creates a barrier to entry based on Law Number 33 of 2014 concerning Halal Product Guarantee according to the Dispute Settlement Body Decision number 484. The research method uses a juridical normative approach. Juridical normative research has two sources of law, namely primary and secondary sources of law. Primary sources of law refer to the Dispute Settlement Body Decision Number 484 and Law Number 33 of 2014 concerning Halal Product Guarantee. The secondary source of law refers to the book by Huala Adolf entitled International Trade Law. The results of the study indicate that the Dispute Settlement Body decision has binding power for the Indonesian state because Indonesia is part of the WTO. This decision also gave the impact of creating uncertainty in the law, especially regarding the Halal Product Guarantee. The efforts of the Indonesian state to protect the Halal Product Guarantee by making an appeal to the Dispute Settlement Body, although the results are still not in accordance with what Indonesia wants.

scholarly journals Eksistensi Tradisi Masyarakat Samin Kabupaten Bojonegoro di Era Modern

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Agus Danugroho
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Local Identity ◽  
Source Criticism ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Traditional Leaders ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
Modern Era

Traditions that run in society contain norms and values that become part of a group of nations and their supporters. The socialization activities were held for the sake of appreciation of the tradition by each of the supporting communities. One element of tradition in a culture is belief in the form of religion and symbols in it. Samin can be said to be a form of community that is still developing in Java, especially in East Java and Central Java. One of them is the Samin community which is still developing until now in the Japanese Hamlet, Margomulyo Village, Margomulyo District, Bojonegoro Regency. This study raised the existence of the tradition of the Samin Bojonegoro community in this modern era. This is expected to add insight to the readers and especially the local Bojonegoro community to respect and preserve the traditions of their ancestors and not forget the local identity of the region. This study uses historical methods that have heuristic stages, source criticism, interpretation and historiography. This is because this research is related to the object to be studied, namely in the form of history and traditions that exist in the community which can only be explained through descriptions. This research is closely related to the process of collecting primary and secondary data. Primary sources are used in the form of documents, literature studies, observations and interviews with traditional leaders, organizers, and communities directly related. In addition, secondary sources are used in the form of previous research and literature. This research resulted in the existence of the tradition of the Samin community in the Bojonegoro region in this modern era.   Keywords: Existensi, Tradition, Samin, Bojonegoro.

scholarly journals The social and environmental impact of hybrid cars

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Asima ◽  
Adnan Ali Al Bimani ◽  
Ahmed Said Mohammed Al Saqri ◽  
Maria Matriano
Keyword(s):  
Government Policy ◽  
Hybrid Vehicles ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Hybrid Car ◽  
The Social ◽  
Gasoline Vehicles ◽  
The Impact

Technology is rapidly evolving in this 21st century era. It is a marvel to behold as it makes human lives much easier. With advancement of technology and increase of vehicles and factories, pollution and destruction of natural resources has increased on a huge scale. The study is based on a product substitute, introduced to replace vehicles which run on gasoline, with a hybrid of electric and gasoline vehicles. The objective of this research will be aiming at understanding the effect of hybrid cars on the environment. An analysis of the hybrid cars will be carried out along with evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of said vehicles from the perspective of customers, support and maintenance. The research will also aim on proposing a government policy that must be implemented to regulate the usage of hybrid vehicles. The methodology used for this research will consist of primary sources wherein meetings will be conducted with the company selling such cars or people who own them. Secondary sources will include literature review from research papers and online blogs. With this study, the researchers hope to achieve a clear understanding on the influence of hybrid cars on the environment and individuals, the way hybrid cars operate, its advantages and disadvantages and the proposed government policy that will regulate the impact of hybrid car on environment.

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