Factors Associated With Weight Gain in People Treated With Dolutegravir

Abstract Background An unexpected excess in weight gain has recently been reported in the course of dolutegravir (DTG) treatment. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether weight gain differs among different DTG-containing regimens. Methods Adult naïve and experienced people with HIV (PWH) initiating DTG-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) between July 2014 and December 2019 in the Surveillance Cohort Long-Term Toxicity Antiretrovirals (SCOLTA) prospective cohort were included. We used an adjusted general linear model to compare weight change among backbone groups and a Cox proportional hazard regression model to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for weight increases >10% from baseline. Results A total of 713 participants, 25.3% women and 91% Caucasian, were included. Of these, 195 (27.4%) started DTG as their first ART regimen, whereas 518 (72.6%) were ART-experienced. DTG was associated with abacavir/lamivudine in 326 participants, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) in 148, boosted protease inhibitors in 60, rilpivirine in 45, lamivudine in 75, and tenofovir alafenamide (TAF)/FTC in 59. At 6 and 12 months, weight gain was highest among PWH on TDF/FTC+DTG and TAF/FTC+DTG. Baseline CD4 <200 cells/mm3 (HR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.15 to 2.96), being ART-naïve (HR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.24 to 4.18), and treatment with TDF/FTC+DTG (HR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.23 to 2.98) or TAF/FTC+DTG (HR, 3.80; 95% CI, 1.75 to 8.23) were associated with weight gain >10% from baseline. Higher weight (HR, 0.97 by 1 kg; 95% CI, 0.96 to 0.99) and female gender (HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.33 to 0.88) were protective against weight gain. Conclusions Naïve PWH with lower CD4 counts and those on TAF/FTC or TDF/FTC backbones were at higher risk of weight increase in the course of DTG-based ART.

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Association of Dementia-Related Psychosis With Long-term Care Use and Death

Neurology ◽

10.1212/wnl.0000000000011632 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 96 (12) ◽

pp. e1620-e1631

Author(s):

James B. Wetmore ◽

Yi Peng ◽

Heng Yan ◽

Suying Li ◽

Muna Irfan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Long Term Care ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Proportional Hazard ◽

Comorbid Conditions ◽

Term Care ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard Regression

ObjectiveTo determine the association of dementia-related psychosis (DRP) with death and use of long-term care (LTC); we hypothesized that DRP would be associated with increased risk of death and use of LTC in patients with dementia.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was performed. Medicare claims from 2008 to 2016 were used to define cohorts of patients with dementia and DRP. Outcomes were LTC, defined as nursing home stays of >100 consecutive days, and death. Patients with DRP were directly matched to patients with dementia without psychosis by age, sex, race, number of comorbid conditions, and dementia index year. Association of DRP with outcomes was evaluated using a Cox proportional hazard regression model.ResultsWe identified 256,408 patients with dementia. Within 2 years after the dementia index date, 13.9% of patients developed DRP and 31.9% had died. Corresponding estimates at 5 years were 25.5% and 64.0%. Mean age differed little between those who developed DRP (83.8 ± 7.9 years) and those who did not (83.1 ± 8.7 years). Patients with DRP were slightly more likely to be female (71.0% vs 68.3%) and white (85.7% vs 82.0%). Within 2 years of developing DRP, 16.1% entered LTC and 52.0% died; corresponding percentages for patients without DRP were 8.4% and 30.0%, respectively. In the matched cohort, DRP was associated with greater risk of LTC (hazard ratio [HR] 2.36, 2.29–2.44) and death (HR 2.06, 2.02–2.10).ConclusionsDRP was associated with a more than doubling in the risk of death and a nearly 2.5-fold increase in risk of the need for LTC.

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Survival of the Recidivistic? Revealing Factors Associated with the Criminal Career Length of Multiple Homicide Offenders

10.31219/osf.io/rnuc3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Gian Maria Campedelli ◽

Enzo Yaksic

Keyword(s):

Criminal Career ◽

Proportional Hazard ◽

Multiple Methods ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Career Length ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

Inferential Analysis ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard Regression ◽

Multiple Homicide

Relying on a sample of 1,394 US-based multiple homicide offenders (MHOs), we study the duration of the careers of this extremely violent category of offenders through Kaplan-Meier estimation and Cox Proportional Hazard regression. We investigate the characteristics of such careers in terms of length and we provide an inferential analysis investigating correlates of career duration. The models indicate that females, MHOs employing multiple methods, younger MHOs and MHOs that acted in more than one US state have higher odds of longer careers. Conversely, those offending with a partner and those targeting victims from a single sexual group have a higher probability of shorter careers.

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Effect of air pollution on gout development: a nationwide population-based observational study

QJM ◽

10.1093/qjmed/hcaa286 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

W -S Hu ◽

C -L Lin

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Fine Particulate Matter ◽

Population Based ◽

Proportional Hazard ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard ◽

Hazard Ratios ◽

Yearly Average ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard Regression ◽

Particulate Matter 2.5 ◽

Total Hydrocarbons

Summary Objective To investigate the effect of air pollution on gout development. Methods A total of 170318 participants were enrolled. These pollutants were considered: carbon monoxide (CO), fine particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5), total hydrocarbons (THC) and methane (CH4). The yearly average concentrations were calculated from 2000 to 2011. Univariate and multivariate analyses by Cox proportional hazard regression models were adopted to estimate hazard ratios for gout in the Q2–Q4 concentrations of air pollutants compared with the Q1 concentration. Results In THC, relative to the Q1 concentration, the risk of gout was higher in participants exposed to the Q2–Q4 concentrations [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), 1.10 with 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01–1.19 in the Q2 concentration of THC; aHR, 4.20 with 95% CI, 3.93–4.49 in the Q3 concentration of THC; aHR, 5.65 with 95% CI, 5.29–6.04 in the Q4 concentration of THC]. In regard to CH4, when the Q1 concentration was defined as the reference, the risks of gout were increased for participants exposed to the Q2, Q3 and Q4 concentrations (aHR, 1.16 with 95% CI, 1.06–1.26 in the Q2 concentration of CH4; aHR, 2.37 with 95% CI, 2.20–2.55 in the Q3 concentration of CH4; aHR, 8.73 with 95% CI, 8.16–9.34 in the Q4 concentration of CH4). Conclusions Association between air pollution and risk of gout was noted.

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Sex Differences in Early Cardiovascular and All-Cause Hospitalization Outcomes After Surviving Firearm Injury

American Journal of Men s Health ◽

10.1177/1557988318761989 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 1029-1038 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yi Zuo ◽

Elizabeth C Pino ◽

Mrithyunjay Vyliparambil ◽

Bindu Kalesan

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

The United States ◽

Proportional Hazard ◽

Firearm Injury ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard ◽

Substantial Risk ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard Regression ◽

Nationwide Readmission Database ◽

Estimate Hazard Ratio

The majority of the burden of firearm injury in the United States is on men as compared to women. There is limited evidence regarding sex differences in short-term hospitalization outcomes after surviving firearm injury. The risk of cardiovascular and all-cause hospital readmission, length of stay (LOS), and costs within 180 days after surviving an index firearm injury was compared between males and females. A claims-based, retrospective, cohort study was performed using Nationwide Readmission Database (2013–2014) to obtain a cohort of patients who survived an index hospitalization of firearm injury. The analysis was performed in August 2017. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Among 17,594 males and 2,289 females discharged alive after index firearm injury hospitalization, 14.4% and 13.2% were readmitted within 180 days. Within 180 days, the risk of cardiovascular readmission was 3.3 times greater among males versus females (HR = 3.34, 95% CI [1.18, 9.44]. Risk of all-cause readmission among males was greater at 90 days (HR = 1.40, 95% CI [1.04, 1.87]. Patients surviving a firearm injury have a substantial risk of subsequent hospitalizations. Cardiovascular readmissions are greater among males than females during the first 6 months after injury and may be indicative of a continuing long-term risk of health and patient outcomes that contributes to the overall burden of firearm injury.

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N-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide Predicts Long-Term Technique Failure in Patients Undergoing Peritoneal Dialysis

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm7120557 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (12) ◽

pp. 557 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Chia-Ter Chao ◽

Chih-Kang Chiang ◽

Jenq-Wen Huang ◽

and Kuan-Yu Hung

Keyword(s):

Peritoneal Dialysis ◽

Natriuretic Peptide ◽

Hydration Status ◽

Proportional Hazard ◽

Hazard Regression ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard Regression ◽

Technique Failure

: It is unclear whether N-terminal pro-brain type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level can be a biomarker for technique failure among long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. We prospectively included end-stage renal disease patients undergoing PD from a single center between December 2011 and December 2017. We divided the cohort into high or low NT-proBNP groups and analyzed the risk factors associated with the incidence of technique failure using Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. A total of 258 chronic PD patients (serum NT-proBNP, 582 ± 1216 ng/mL) were included. After a mean follow-up of 3.6 years, 49.6% of PD patients developed technique failure and switched to hemodialysis, while 15.5% died. Cox proportional hazard regression analyses accounting for age, gender, diabetes, renal clearance, C-reactive protein, and hydration status, showed that higher natural log transformed NT-proBNP levels (hazard ratio [HR] 1.13, p < 0.01) were predictive of an increased risk of technique failure, and were also predictive of an increased risk of mortality (HR 1.56, p < 0.01). Consequently, NT-proBNP might be an under-recognized biomarker for estimating the risk of technique failure, and regular monitoring NT-proBNP levels among PD patients may assist in their care.

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Oncotype DX recurrence score implications for disparities in chemotherapy and breast cancer mortality in Georgia

npj Breast Cancer ◽

10.1038/s41523-019-0129-3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lindsay J. Collin ◽

Ming Yan ◽

Renjian Jiang ◽

Kevin C. Ward ◽

Brittany Crawford ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Racial Disparities ◽

Breast Cancer Mortality ◽

Recurrence Score ◽

Oncotype Dx ◽

Proportional Hazard ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard ◽

Hazard Ratios ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard Regression ◽

To Receive

Abstract Among women diagnosed with stage I–IIIa, node-negative, hormone receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer (BC), Oncotype DX recurrence scores (ODX RS) inform chemotherapy treatment decisions. Differences in recurrence scores or testing may contribute to racial disparities in BC mortality among women with HR+ tumors. We identified 12,081 non-Hispanic White (NHW) and non-Hispanic Black (NHB) BC patients in Georgia (2010–2014), eligible to receive an ODX RS. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of chemotherapy receipt by race and ODX RS. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) comparing BC mortality rates by race and recurrence score. Receipt of Oncotype testing was consistent between NHB and NHW women. Receipt of chemotherapy was generally comparable within strata of ODX RS—although NHB women with low scores were slightly more likely to receive chemotherapy (OR = 1.16, 95% CI 0.77, 1.75), and NHB women with high scores less likely to receive chemotherapy (OR = 0.77, 95% CI 0.48, 1.24), than NHW counterparts. NHB women with a low recurrence score had the largest hazard of BC mortality (HR = 2.47 95% CI 1.22, 4.99) compared to NHW women. Our data suggest that additional tumor heterogeneity, or other downstream treatment factors, not captured by ODX, may be drivers of racial disparities in HR+ BC.

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Interface of Multiple Sclerosis, Depression, Vascular Disease, and Mortality

Neurology ◽

10.1212/wnl.0000000000012610 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 97 (13) ◽

pp. e1322-e1333 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Raffaele Palladino ◽

Jeremy Chataway ◽

Azeem Majeed ◽

Ruth Ann Marrie

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Vascular Disease ◽

Population Based ◽

Proportional Hazard ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard ◽

Hazard Ratios ◽

Depression Status ◽

Increased Risk ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard Regression

Background and ObjectivesTo assess whether the association among depression, vascular disease, and mortality differs in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) compared with age-, sex-, and general practice–matched controls.MethodsWe conducted a population-based retrospective matched cohort study between January 1, 1987, and September 30, 2018, that included people with MS and matched controls without MS from England, stratified by depression status. We used time-varying Cox proportional hazard regression models to test the association among MS, depression, and time to incident vascular disease and mortality. Analyses were also stratified by sex.ResultsWe identified 12,251 people with MS and 72,572 matched controls. At baseline, 21% of people with MS and 9% of controls had depression. Compared with matched controls without depression, people with MS had an increased risk of incident vascular disease regardless of whether they had comorbid depression. The 10-year hazard of all-cause mortality was 1.75-fold greater in controls with depression (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.59–1.91), 3.88-fold greater in people with MS without depression (95% CI 3.66–4.10), and 5.43-fold greater in people with MS and depression (95% CI 4.88–5.96). Overall, the interaction between MS status and depression was synergistic, with 14% of the observed effect attributable to the interaction. Sex-stratified analyses confirmed differences in hazard ratios.DiscussionDepression is associated with increased risks of incident vascular disease and mortality in people with MS, and the effects of depression and MS on all-cause mortality are synergistic. Further studies should evaluate whether effectively treating depression is associated with a reduced risk of vascular disease and mortality.

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Factors Associated With Antiretroviral Therapy Reinitiation in Medicaid Recipients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus

The Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/infdis/jiz666 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 221 (10) ◽

pp. 1607-1611

Author(s):

T Zhang ◽

I B Wilson ◽

B Youn ◽

Y Lee ◽

T I Shireman

Keyword(s):

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Patient Characteristics ◽

Proportional Hazard ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard ◽

Outpatient Visits ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard Regression

Abstract Background This study was conducted to examine patient characteristics associated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) reinitiation in Medicaid enrollees. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study that uses Cox proportional hazard regression to examine the association between person-level characteristics and time from ART discontinuation to the subsequent reinitiation within 18 months. Results There were 45 409 patients who discontinued ART, and 44% failed to reinitiate. More outpatient visits (3+ vs 0 outpatient visits: adjusted hazard ratio (adjHR), 1.56; 99% confidence interval [CI], 1.45–1.67) and hospitalization (adjHR, 1.18; 99% CI,1.16–1.20) during follow-up were associated with reinitiation. Conclusions Failure to reinitiate ART within 18 months was common in this sample. Care engagement was associated with greater ART reinitiation.

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Outcomes after venous thromboembolism in patients with gastric cancer: Analysis of the RIETE Registry

Vascular Medicine ◽

10.1177/1358863x19893432 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 210-217 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kaushal Majmudar ◽

Iva Golemi ◽

Alfonso J Tafur ◽

Jorge Del Toro ◽

Adriana Visonà ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Venous Thromboembolism ◽

Bleeding Complications ◽

Proportional Hazard ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard ◽

Hazard Ratios ◽

Poor Outcomes ◽

Common Malignancy ◽

Main Factor

Gastric cancer is the fifth most common malignancy worldwide. Venous thromboembolism is an independent predictor of death among patients with gastric cancer. We aimed to describe the factors associated with mortality, thrombosis recurrence, and bleeding complications in patients with gastric cancer who develop venous thromboembolism. We included 612 patients with gastric cancer and venous thromboembolism in the Registro Informatizado de la Enfermedad TromboEmbólica (RIETE) registry from 2001 to 2018. We used Cox proportional hazard ratios and a Fine–Gray model to define factors associated with outcomes. The overall mortality at 6 months was 44.4%. Factors associated with increased 6-month mortality included immobility (HR 1.8, 95% CI 1.3–2.4; p < 0.001), anemia (HR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1–1.8; p < 0.02), and leukocytosis (HR 1.8, 95% CI 1.4–2.3; p < 0.001). Recurrent thrombosis occurred in 6.5% of patients and major bleeding complications in 8.5% of the cohort. Male sex was the main factor associated with thrombosis recurrence (HR 2.1, 95% CI 1.1–4.0; p < 0.02) and hemoglobin below 10 g/dL (HR 1.6, 95% CI 1.05–2.50; p = 0.03) the main factor associated with bleeding. In conclusion, patients with gastric cancer who develop venous thrombosis have a very high likelihood of death. Low hemoglobin in this population is associated with poor outcomes.

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Survival of the Recidivistic? Revealing Factors Associated with the Criminal Career Length of Multiple Homicide Offenders

Homicide Studies ◽

10.1177/10887679211010882 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 108876792110108

Author(s):

Gian Maria Campedelli ◽

Enzo Yaksic

Keyword(s):

Criminal Career ◽

Proportional Hazard ◽

Multiple Methods ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Career Length ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

Inferential Analysis ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard Regression ◽

Multiple Homicide

Relying on a sample of 1,381 US-based multiple homicide offenders (MHOs), we study the duration of the careers of this extremely violent category of offenders through Kaplan–Meier estimation and Cox Proportional Hazard regression. We investigate the characteristics of such careers in terms of length and we provide an inferential analysis investigating correlates of career duration. The models indicate that MHOs employing multiple methods, younger MHOs and MHOs that acted in more than one US state have higher odds of longer careers. When controlling for career-based attributes, female MHOs are also correlated with longer careers.

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