scholarly journals 1136. Trends in Speaker Representation at the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) IDWeek Conference, 2013-2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S597-S597
Author(s):  
Jasmine R Marcelin ◽  
Rohan Khazanchi ◽  
Elizabeth Lyden ◽  
Kelly Cawcutt ◽  
Ravina Kullar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equity ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Program Committee ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Poster Sessions ◽  
Professional Degree ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Over the last decade, there have been sustained efforts to diversify the healthcare workforce. In 2016, the IDWeek Program Committee was charged to ensure gender equity in speaker sessions. Whether this intervention also resulted in more opportunities for underrepresented speakers has not been determined. Methods This project was supported by IDSA, who provided demographic information on IDWeek speakers (excluding poster sessions) from 2013-2019. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics, and chi-square analysis evaluated changes over time. Each speaker slot was considered an independent event. Data was combined for 2013-2016 (≤2016) and 2017-2019 (>2016). IDSA membership demographics were available from 2014 for gender, race/ethnicity, from 2016 for age, and from 2018 for professional degree. Results A total of 3640 speaker slots were filled by 2504 individuals from 2013-2019. A larger proportion of speaker slots were filled by women >2016 (51%) vs ≤ 2016 (43%), with a linear increase from 38.6% in 2013 to 52.1% in 2019 (p< 0.001). Averaged across 2013-2019, IDSA membership was 67.5% White, 20.6% Asian, 7.7% Latinx, 3.9% Black, and 0.4% Other. IDWeek Speakers during that timeframe were 77.7% White, 13.9% Asian, 4.7% Latinx, 2.7% Black, and 1.0% Other; a larger proportion of slots were filled by Asian speakers >2016 (16.3%) vs ≤ 2016 (12.8%) (p=0.005). The proportion of pharmacist speakers increased over time; 5.1% of speakers in 2019 reflected IDSA pharmacist membership (5.4%). The proportion of individuals invited to speak more than once differed by age (19% in < 40yo, 28% 40-49yo, 32% 50-59yo, and 22% >60yo; p< 0.001), and professional degree (28% physicians, 18% pharmacists, 9% other doctorates, and 7% non-doctorate speakers; p< 0.001). Figure 1: Trends in Gender Distribution of IDWeek Speakers and IDSA Members, 2013-2019 Figure 2: Trends in Race/Ethnicity Distribution of IDWeek Speakers and IDSA Members, 2013-2019 Conclusion Intentional consideration of gender equity by the Program Committee significantly improved equitable gender representation of invited speakers at IDWeek. This effort has not resulted in increased diversity of invited speakers from groups underrepresented in IDSA membership. To ensure that invited speakers represent the membership of IDSA/IDWeek partner organizations and more importantly, the communities we serve, we call for continued application of the principles of Inclusion, Diversity, Access, and Equity at IDWeek. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Childbirth Yesterday and Today: A Comparative Analysis of Women’s Experiences and Feelings through the Ages to the Present

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 100-109
Author(s):  
Grażyna Bączek ◽  
Joanna Jasińska
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Perinatal Care ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Past ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Delivery Rooms ◽  
Over Time

Introduction: Perinatal care has undergone many changes over time. Therefore, women’s feelings and experiences will differ depending on the perinatal care provided at the time of childbirth. Time of childbirth and the perinatal care received are the main determinants in this process. However, one thing remains unchanged over time. Childbirth is considered one of the most notable events in the life of every woman.  The aim of the study was a comparative analysis of experiences and feelings shared by females giving birth in the past and the present in Poland. Material and methods: A questionnaire was designed specifically for this research project. It was a set of multiple choice (single answer) questions concerning childbirth conditions and perinatal care. Results were analyzed with a chi square test. Data was collected in 2016 in Poland. The questionnaire was distributed both in paper and electronic form. Results: The study group comprised of 671 females divided into three groups: childbirth before 2000, between 2001–2012, and after 2013. This time frame was associated with significant changes in perinatal care in Poland over the years. Changes in the delivery rooms have raised the comfort of childbirth, but progression of obstetrics resulted in greater medicalization of childbirth.

National trends in local excision and esophagectomy for cT1N0 esophageal cancer.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 62-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily C. Sturm ◽  
Whitney Zahnd ◽  
John D. Mellinger ◽  
Sabha Ganai
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Local Excision ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Over Time

62 Background: Esophageal cancer management has evolved due to improvements in staging and treatment strategies. Endoscopic local excision presents an attractive option for definitive management of T1 cancers, avoiding the morbidity of esophagectomy. We hypothesized that for cT1N0 cancers, patients who underwent local excision would have lower survival compared to esophagectomy due to potential discordant staging. Methods: The National Cancer Database was queried for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (AC) with AJCC T1N0 clinical stage who underwent local excision (n = 1625) or esophagectomy (n = 3255) between 1998 and 2012. Chi-square analysis was used to compare demographic and clinical characteristics by procedure. Chi-square trend analysis was performed to assess trends in procedure type over time. Cox Regression analysis was performed to assess survival by procedure controlling for demographic and clinical characteristics. Results: Between 1998 and 2012, the proportion of patients who underwent local excision increased from 12% to 50% for all patients (p < 0.001); from 17% to 40% for SCC patients (p < 0.001); and from 9% to 51% for AC patients (p < 0.001). Surgical procedure varied significantly by demographic, socioeconomic status, facility, and tumor-related factors. 65% of cT1N0 cancers had concordant clinical and pathological staging after esophagectomy, with 11% having positive nodal disease; 44% were concordant after local excision. While no significant difference was seen in unadjusted survival, adjusted Cox Regression analysis indicated worse survival after esophagectomy compared to local excision for all cases (HR 1.67; 95% CI, 1.40-2.00) and for ACs with concordant staging (HR 1.54; 95% CI, 1.11-2.14). Conclusions: Local excision for cT1N0 esophageal cancer has increased over time. Staging concordance for esophagectomy is seen in two-thirds of cases. Contrary to our hypothesis, patients undergoing local excision for T1N0 cancers have better overall survival than those undergoing esophagectomy, which may reflect early differences in mortality and/or selection bias. As this study was unable to distinguish T1a from T1b, further analysis is warranted.

The changer and the changed

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra L. Laursen ◽  
Kristine De Welde
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equity ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Theory Of Change ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Gendered Organizations ◽  
Theories Of Change ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the evolving theories of change of the US National Science Foundation’s (NSF) ADVANCE program to increase the representation of women on academic faculties in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM). ADVANCE supports efforts to transform the cultures and structures of US institutions of higher education by removing gendered barriers to STEM faculty women’s employment, advancement and success, and by developing change strategies that others may adopt.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical study is based on qualitative, longitudinal analysis of nine requests for proposals (RfPs) for the ADVANCE program (2001–2016), complemented by historical analysis of funded ADVANCE projects using public records.FindingsThe analysis identifies changes over time that suggest shifts in NSF’s rationale and theory of change for ADVANCE. Increased guidance directs how institutions should best undertake change, document outcomes and share best practices. The RfPs reveal growing attention to equity, rather than simply to representation, and to intersectionality – how gender, race, social class and other identities intersect to produce disparate experiences and outcomes for individuals differently positioned in social systems. Gendered organizations theory helps to place these experiences and outcomes in a structural context. Iterative processes of organizational learning are postulated to account for these changes over time.Originality/valueWhile many studies have examined ADVANCE projects’ activities and outcomes, none have examined the premises and design of the ADVANCE program itself. This analysis offers insight into how the ADVANCE RfP has driven innovation and learning about transformative institutional change to advance gender equity in STEM.

scholarly journals Childbirth Yesterday and Today: A Comparative Analysis of Women’s Experiences and Feelings through the Ages to the Present

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Perinatal Care ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Delivery Rooms ◽  
Over Time

Introduction: Perinatal care has undergone many changes over time. Therefore, women’s feelings and experiences will differ depending on the perinatal care provided at the time of childbirth. Time of childbirth and the perinatal care received are the main determinants in this process. However, one thing remains unchanged over time. Childbirth is considered one of the most notable events in the life of every woman. The aim of the study was a comparative analysis of experiences and feelings shared by females giving birth in the past and the present in Poland. Material and methods: A questionnaire was designed specifically for this research project. It was a set of multiple choice (single answer) questions concerning childbirth conditions and perinatal care. Results were analyzed with a chi square test. Data was collected in 2016 in Poland. The questionnaire was distributed both in paper and electronic form. Results: The study group comprised of 671 females divided into three groups: childbirth before 2000, between 2001–2012, and after 2013. This time frame was associated with significant changes in perinatal care in Poland over the years. Changes in the delivery rooms have raised the comfort of childbirth, but progression of obstetrics resulted in greater medicalization of childbirth. Conclusions: Refinement of qualified assistance in labor, oriented on individual needs contributes to improvement of perinatal care and perhaps compensates for other inconveniences. It is necessary to put achievements of modern medicine - in order to ensure maternal safety during childbirth but not to disrupt its natural process.

scholarly journals Race Differences in Trajectories of Hopelessness Among U.S. Older Adults: Do Social Conditions Matter?

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 257-258
Author(s):  
Uchechi Mitchell ◽  
Elena Graetz ◽  
Jing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Race Differences ◽  
Period Effects ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Cubic Function ◽  
Retirement Study ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Despite being a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, suicidal ideation, and mortality among U.S. older adults, research on hopelessness and how it changes over time are lacking. Although hopelessness generally increases with age, levels of hopelessness may be influenced by race/ethnicity and social or economic factors. This study uses longitudinal data from 8,359 individuals from the Health and Retirement Study to examine race differences in trajectories of hopelessness from 2006 to 2018. We used linear mixed models to estimate trajectories of hopelessness for blacks, whites and Hispanics age 51 and older. The model was fit with a natural spline cubic function to model changes in time trends of hopelessness and the interaction between time and race. Models controlled for demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, health status, and psychosocial factors that influence hopelessness. We found that older Hispanics have the highest levels of hopelessness, followed by non-Hispanic blacks and non-Hispanic whites. Trajectories of hopelessness were non-linear and differed by race. For older whites, hopelessness increased from 2006-2010 and then decreased until 2018. For older blacks, it decreased the entire time period but did so at a decreasing rate; and, for older Hispanics, hopelessness decreased from 2006-2012 and then increased thereafter. Our study shows that hopelessness generally decreased over time among older adults between 2006 and 2018 in race-specific ways, despite generally increasing with age. These findings suggest that race, age and period effects differentially influence trajectories of hopelessness. Factors contributing to these differences may be related to concurrent social and economic conditions.

Differences in High School CTE Coursetaking by Gender and Race/Ethnicity

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-62
Author(s):  
Katherine B. Leu ◽  
Caren A. Arbeit
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
Gender And Race ◽  
Career And Technical ◽  
Explanatory Factors ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Els 2002 ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

The purpose of this study was to examine patterns in high school career and technical education (CTE) coursetaking by gender and race/ethnicity across two cohorts of students over time. Using high school transcript data from the Education Longitudinal Study of 2002 (ELS:2002) and the High School Longitudinal Study of 2009 (HSLS:09), we examined participation in CTE both overall and disaggregated by field of study. While there were some differences by gender and race/ethnicity in overall CTE participation, disaggregating by field of study revealed wide variation in participation rates in each field. We found large and sustained differences in participation across CTE fields of study by gender as well as pronounced patterns by race/ethnicity, with some changes over time. Overall, these gender and racial/ethnic differences were notable because they persisted even after controlling for other potential explanatory factors.

scholarly journals The Rise, Demise, and Reprise of the Increasingly Protracted APA Journal Article?

2021 ◽  
pp. 174569162199753
Author(s):  
Gregory D. Webster ◽  
Val Wongsomboon ◽  
Elizabeth A. Mahar
Keyword(s):  
Journal Article ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
The Past ◽  
Time Series Analyses ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Journal Impact ◽  
Over Time

Are APA journal articles getting longer or shorter over time? Earlier work that examined changes over time in article length in 24 APA journals (1986–2005) found that pages per article increased over time for the average journal, peaking around 2001, and then plateaued thereafter. But have these trends continued during the past 14 years? The current research extends prior work by adding additional years (1986–2019) and four additional journals (28 journals, 34 years, and 865 total observations). Multilevel growth curve analyses revealed a cubic effect of time on average article length, showing an increase in the 1980s and 1990s, a plateau or slight decline in the 2000s, and a slight increase again in the 2010s. Journal impact factors (JIFs) moderated linear growth over time; journals with higher JIFs had larger linear increases in article length. Exploratory multilevel interrupted time-series analyses suggested that the average linear increase in pages per article over time was greater after the start of psychology’s credibility crisis (2012–2019) than before it (1986–2011), which may relate to an increased emphasis on reporting details and transparency. We discuss implications for article length in the contexts of publishing and psychology’s ongoing credibility crisis.

scholarly journals Chiropractic student attitudes toward team-based learning

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-123
Author(s):  
William Sherrier ◽  
Teresa Brennan ◽  
Ali Rabatsky
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Student Perceptions ◽  
Student Attitudes ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Team Based Learning ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Chiropractic Students ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Chiropractic Student

Objective: The purpose of this study was to measure chiropractic student attitudes toward team-based learning (TBL) to determine if they are similar to those of medical students and to help clarify existing evidence regarding student perceptions of TBL. Method: Two consecutive cohorts of chiropractic students enrolled in a course that used weekly TBL activities completed an adaptation of the value of teams survey at the end of the term. Chi square analysis was used to assess for differences in scores between the beginning and end of the term. Results: The students did value the TBL process (χ2 = 75.21, p &lt; .001). Students had a neutral opinion regarding TBL at the start of the term (χ2 = 30.41, p &lt; .001), but their opinion of TBL improved by the end of the term (χ2 = 51.66, p &lt; .001). Conclusion: These results were similar to those found in medical education studies. Students tended to value TBL, but they were more receptive to it over time.

scholarly journals Childbirth Yesterday and Today: A Comparative Analysis of Women’s Experiences and Feelings through the Ages to the Present

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Perinatal Care ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Delivery Rooms ◽  
Over Time

Introduction: Perinatal care has undergone many changes over time. Therefore, women’s feelings and experiences will differ depending on the perinatal care provided at the time of childbirth. Time of childbirth and the perinatal care received are the main determinants in this process. However, one thing remains unchanged over time. Childbirth is considered one of the most notable events in the life of every woman. The aim of the study was a comparative analysis of experiences and feelings shared by females giving birth in the past and the present in Poland. Material and methods: A questionnaire was designed specifically for this research project. It was a set of multiple choice (single answer) questions concerning childbirth conditions and perinatal care. Results were analyzed with a chi square test. Data was collected in 2016 in Poland. The questionnaire was distributed both in paper and electronic form. Results: The study group comprised of 671 females divided into three groups: childbirth before 2000, between 2001–2012, and after 2013. This time frame was associated with significant changes in perinatal care in Poland over the years. Changes in the delivery rooms have raised the comfort of childbirth, but progression of obstetrics resulted in greater medicalization of childbirth. Conclusions: Refinement of qualified assistance in labor, oriented on individual needs contributes to improvement of perinatal care and perhaps compensates for other inconveniences. It is necessary to put achievements of modern medicine - in order to ensure maternal safety during childbirth but not to disrupt its natural process.

scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Ripe Muskmelon Fruit

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 1178-1181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yael Edan ◽  
James E. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Spatial Distribution Patterns ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Over Time

The spatial distribution patterns of five melon cultivars (Cucumis melo L. var. reticulatus) were evaluated by measuring XY coordinates of ripe fruit locations in the field. Fruit ripeness distribution over time was also evaluated for three cultivars by measuring the number of ripe fruit, fruit mass, and location over time. Spatial distribution curves for distances between fruit clusters and individual fruit from cluster centroids varied between clusters and were derived for each cultivar from the best fit curves based on chi-square analysis from the two-dimensional spatial fruit distribution. These equations can be used for predicting actual fruit locations in the field. Ripeness distribution patterns indicated that, while the exact duration of the effective harvesting period is cultivar-dependent, the ripeness trend for each of the cultivars was similar. Spatial distribution patterns vary among melon cultivars and must be recognized in the design of automated harvesting systems.

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