scholarly journals 1017. Gut Microbiota Diversity and Beneficial Metabolite Production is Reduced in Liver Transplant Recipients and Associated with Post Operative Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S599-S599
Author(s):  
Christopher J Lehmann ◽  
Robert Keskey ◽  
Matthew Odenwald ◽  
Ravi Nayak ◽  
Maryam Khalid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Simpson Index ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Microbiota Diversity ◽  
Secondary Bile Acids

Abstract Background Liver transplant (LT) recipients have abnormal microbiota before and after transplantation. (1,2) Associations between fecal microbiota, microbial metabolites, and clinical outcomes in liver transplantation are not well established. We correlated fecal microbiota composition and metabolite concentrations with early LT outcomes, including infection. Methods In a prospective observational study, we collected peri-transplant fecal samples and determined microbiota composition by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing in LT recipients. Fecal short chain fatty acid (SCFA) and bile acid concentrations were measured by targeted GC- and LC-MS analyses, respectively. Inverse Simpson index was used to determine microbiota alpha-diversity in subjects and healthy controls. Clinical outcomes including length of stay, ICU admission, liver function, antibiotic use, immunosuppressive requirement and post-operative infection were correlated with microbiota composition. Results 69 patients were enrolled, 70 liver transplants were performed and 307 peri-transplant fecal samples were collected and analyzed. Compared to healthy controls, the fecal microbiota of LT recipients had reduced alpha-diversity (p< 0.001). [Fig1] Bacteroidetes, Ruminococcaceae, and Lachnospiraceae, three taxa associated with a health-promoting microbiota, and their metabolites, SCFA and secondary bile acids, were markedly diminished 55% of LT patients.(3) Intestinal domination ( >30% frequency) by Enterococcus or Proteobacteria species was common and occurred in 36% of LT recipients. 76 post-operative infections occurred in 40 LT recipients, with Enterococci causing 52% and Proteobacteria 41% of bacterial infections. In subjects with fecal samples collected within 5 days of infection, 9/17 infections were caused by the organism dominating the microbiota. [Fig2] Microbiota Composition and Metabolite Production 16s gene sequencing color coded by taxonomy. Each bar represents one stool sample nearest to LT compared to healthy controls. Alpha diversity measured by inverse simpson index. Absolute values of microbial metabolites and ratio of primary to secondary bile acids. Comparison of Microbiota Composition and Post Operative Infection All bacterial infections captured with a microbiota sample within 5 days of infection. Conclusion Microbiota diversity and microbially derived metabolites are markedly reduced in >50% of LT recipients. Intestinal domination and post-operative infections caused by antibiotic-resistant Enterococcus and Proteobacteria correlate with loss of Bacteroidetes, Ruminococcaceae, and Lachnospiraceae species, suggesting a potential role for microbiota reconstitution therapy in LT patients. Disclosures Eric G. Pamer, MD;FIDSA, Nothing to disclose

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota of Young Children Living in Four Brazilian Cities

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charmaine Chew ◽  
Karina Vieira Barros ◽  
Virginia Resende Silva Weffort ◽  
Hélcio de Sousa Maranhão ◽  
Marisa Laranjeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
16S Rna ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
16S Rna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Recent studies have demonstrated that gut microbiota development is influenced by human biogeographic factors such as race, ethnicity, diet, lifestyle or culture-specific variations, and other environmental influences. However, biogeographic variation in gut microbiota assembly remains largely unexplored in Latin America. In this paper, we compared food recall information and microbiota composition of toddlers living in geographically separated urban populations within four states of Brazil. 16S RNA gene sequencing revealed that alpha diversity was similar between the four different populations. Gut microbiota compositions were dominated by members of the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, resembling a more adult-like microbiota as compared with those of Western European toddlers of similar age. These findings suggest that inter-individual and nutrition-induced differences were apparent in the fecal microbiota. We conclude that urban dietary pattern plays a larger role in influencing the gut microbiota composition than do biogeographic factors.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota Composition and Metabolomic Profiles of Wild and Captive Chinese Monals (Lophophorus lhuysii) 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dandan Jiang ◽  
Xin He ◽  
Marc Valitutto ◽  
Li Chen ◽  
Qin Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Metabolomic Profile ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Background：The Chinese monal (Lophophorus lhuysii) is an endangered bird species, with a wild population restricted to the mountains of southwest China, and only one known captive population in the world. We investigated the fecal microbiota and metabolome of wild and captive Chinese monals to explore differences and similarities in nutritional status and digestive characteristics. An integrated approach combining 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene sequencing and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) based metabolomics were used to examine the fecal microbiota composition and the metabolomic profile of Chinese monals. Results: The results showed that the alpha diversity of gut microbes in the wild group were significantly higher than that in the captive group and the core bacterial taxa in the two groups showed remarkable differences at phylum, class, order, and family levels. Metabolomic profiling also revealed differences, mainly related to galactose, starch and sucrose metabolism, fatty acid, bile acid biosynthesis and bile secretion. Furthermore, strong correlations of metabolite types and bacterial genus were detected. Conclusions: There were remarkable differences in the gut microbiota composition and metabolomic profile between wild and captive Chinese monals. This study has established a baseline for a normal gut microbiota and metabolomic profile for wild Chinese monals, thus allowing us to evaluate if differences seen in captive organisms have an impact on their overall health and reproduction.

Fecal microbiota in untreated children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis – a comparison with healthy children and healthy siblings

2020 ◽  
pp. jrheum.200551
Author(s):  
Anders Öman ◽  
Johan Dicksved ◽  
Lars Engstrand ◽  
Lillemor Berntson
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Healthy Siblings ◽  
Relative Abundances

Objective Changes in the composition of gut microbiota has been suggested to be associated with Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). The objective in this study was to investigate if the diversity and composition of the fecal microbiota differed between children with JIA and healthy controls, and if the microbiota differed between children with JIA and their healthy siblings. Methods In this multicenter, case-control study, fecal samples were collected from 75 children with JIA and 32 healthy controls. Eight of the healthy controls were siblings to eight children with JIA and they were compared only pairwise with their siblings. The microbiota was determined using sequencing amplicons from the V3 and V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene. Alpha diversity, community composition of microbiota and relative abundances of taxa were compared between children with JIA and healthy unrelated controls as well as between children with JIA and healthy siblings. Results Our data revealed no significant differences in α-diversity or community composition of microbiota between children with JIA, healthy unrelated controls or healthy siblings. Analyses of relative abundances of phyla, families and genera identified trends of differing abundances of some taxa in children with JIA, in comparison with both healthy controls and healthy siblings, but none of these findings were significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Conclusion There were no significant differences in the composition of fecal microbiota in children with JIA compared with healthy controls. The composition of microbiota in children with JIA did not differ significantly from that in their healthy siblings.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study of the nasal and fecal microbiota of sows from different health status within six commercial swine farms

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12120
Author(s):  
Andreia G. Arruda ◽  
Loic Deblais ◽  
Vanessa L. Hale ◽  
Christopher Madden ◽  
Monique Pairis-Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Swine Farms ◽  
Nasal Microbiota

Background Cull sows are a unique population on swine farms, often representing poor producing or compromised animals, and even though recent studies have reported that the microbiome is associated with susceptibility to diseases, the microbiome of the cull sow population has not been explored. The main objective of this study was to investigate whether there were differences in fecal and upper respiratory tract microbiota composition for groups of sows of different health status (healthy, cull, and compromised/ clinical sows) and from different farms (1 to 6). Methods Six swine farms were visited once. Thirty individual fecal samples and nasal swabs were obtained at each farm and pooled by five across health status and farm. Samples underwent 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and nasal and fecal microbiota were analyzed using QIIME2 v.2021.4. Results Overall, the diversity of the nasal microbiota was lower than the fecal microbiota (p < 0.01). No significant differences were found in fecal or nasal alpha diversity by sow’s health status or by farm. There were significant differences in nasal microbial composition by farm and health status (PERMANOVA, p < 0.05), and in fecal microbiota by farm (PERMANOVA, p < 0.05), but not by health status. Lastly, at the L7 level, there was one differentially abundant taxa across farms for each nasal and fecal pooled samples. Discussion This study provided baseline information for nasal and fecal microbiota of sows under field conditions, and results suggest that farm of origin can affect microbial diversity and composition. Furthermore, sow’s health status may have an impact on the nasal microbiota composition.

Comparison of the fecal microbiota composition between the blue Sheep (Pseudois nayaur) fed with Lolium perenne and Sorghum sudanense

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haili Wu ◽  
Yaohua Yuan ◽  
Hongjie Pan
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiota ◽  
Blue Sheep ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Pseudois Nayaur ◽  
Sorghum Sudanense ◽  
Microbiota Diversity

Lolium perenne L. and Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf. are two common forages fed to the captive blue sheep. However, the effect of these two forages on the gastrointestinal microbiota is largely unknown. We analyzed the microbiota diversity in feces of the captive blue sheep fed with L. perenne (F1) and S. sudanense (F2) by 16S rRNA sequencing. A total number of 20 major phyla and 29 genera fecal bacterial communities were detected in the two groups. The F1 and F2 groups shared common microbiota at the phylum level, which mainly consisted of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005, Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-013 and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-010 were top four dominant taxa at the genus level. The percentage of Ruminococcaceae_UCG-010 in F2 was significantly higher than that in F1 (~2.75 fold). The diversity and abundance of the microbial community in F2 were higher than that in F1. Although both of the L. perenne and S. sudanense effect the blue sheep gastrointestinal microbiota metabolism, the S. sudanense improves more aspects in metabolism and biogenesis. In summary, our results demonstrated that the L. perenne and S. sudanense effect the blue sheep gastrointestinal microbiota in different ways. But S. sudanense efficiently improved the blue sheep gastrointestinal microbiota.

scholarly journals Cecal versus fecal microbiota in Ossabaw swine and implications for obesity

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 355-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Panasevich ◽  
Umesh D. Wankhade ◽  
Sree V. Chintapalli ◽  
Kartik Shankar ◽  
R. Scott Rector
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Metabolic Capacity ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
High Fructose

The gut microbiome plays a critical role in the onset and progression of obesity and the metabolic syndrome. However, it is not well documented whether the cecal vs. the fecal microbiome is more relevant when assessing their contributions to these diseases. Here, we amplified the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene from cecal and fecal samples of female Ossabaw swine fed a low-fat control diet (10.5% fat, n = 4) or Western diet (43.0% fat, 17.8% high fructose corn syrup, 2% cholesterol; n = 3) for 36 wk. Obesity significantly lowered alpha-diversity ( P < 0.05), and there was clear separation in beta-diversity between lean and obese pigs, as well as between cecal and fecal samples ( P < 0.05). Obesity dramatically increased ( P < 0.05) the Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio in fecal samples, and Actinobacteria was higher ( P < 0.05) in fecal vs. cecal samples in obese pigs. Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Fusobacteria were increased ( P < 0.05), while Spirochaetes, Tenericutes, and Verrucomicrobia were decreased ( P < 0.05) in obese vs. lean pigs. Prevotellaceae was reduced ( P < 0.05) in obese fecal vs. cecal samples. Moreover, cecal samples in obese had greater ( P < 0.05) predicted metabolic capacity for glycan biosynthesis and metabolism and LPS biosynthesis compared with fecal. Obese pigs also had greater ( P < 0.05) capacity for carbohydrate metabolism, which was driven by obese fecal rather than cecal samples and was opposite in lean pigs ( P < 0.05). The observed differences in pro-inflammatory microbiota and their metabolic capacity in cecal vs. fecal samples of obese pigs provide new insight into evaluating the microbiome in the pathogenesis of obesity and metabolic disease.

scholarly journals Gut microbiota composition and metabolomic profiles of wild and captive Chinese monals (Lophophorus lhuysii)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dandan Jiang ◽  
Xin He ◽  
Marc Valitutto ◽  
Li Chen ◽  
Qin Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Metabolomic Profile ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Background The Chinese monal (Lophophorus lhuysii) is an endangered bird species, with a wild population restricted to the mountains in southwest China, and only one known captive population in the world. We investigated the fecal microbiota and metabolome of wild and captive Chinese monals to explore differences and similarities in nutritional status and digestive characteristics. An integrated approach combining 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene sequencing and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) based metabolomics were used to examine the fecal microbiota composition and the metabolomic profile of Chinese monals. Results The results showed that the alpha diversity of gut microbes in the wild group were significantly higher than that in the captive group and the core bacterial taxa in the two groups showed remarkable differences at phylum, class, order, and family levels. Metabolomic profiling also revealed differences, mainly related to galactose, starch and sucrose metabolism, fatty acid, bile acid biosynthesis and bile secretion. Furthermore, strong correlations between metabolite types and bacterial genus were detected. Conclusions There were remarkable differences in the gut microbiota composition and metabolomic profile between wild and captive Chinese monals. This study has established a baseline for a normal gut microbiota and metabolomic profile for wild Chinese monals, thus allowing us to evaluate if differences seen in captive organisms have an impact on their overall health and reproduction.

scholarly journals Feeding Pre-weaned Calves With Waste Milk Containing Antibiotic Residues Is Related to a Higher Incidence of Diarrhea and Alterations in the Fecal Microbiota

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Penati ◽  
Giulia Sala ◽  
Filippo Biscarini ◽  
Antonio Boccardo ◽  
Valerio Bronzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Unit ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Analysis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Health ◽  
Milk Substitute ◽  
Waste Milk

The cows receiving antibiotics for intra-mammary infection (IMI) produce milk that cannot be marketed. This is considered waste milk (WM), and a convenient option for farmers is using it as calf food. However, adding to the risk of selecting resistant bacteria, residual antibiotics might interfere with the gut microbiome development and influence gastrointestinal health. We assessed the longitudinal effect of unpasteurized WM containing residual cefalexin on calf intestinal health and fecal microbiota in an 8-week trial. After 3 days of colostrum, six calves received WM and six calves received bulk tank milk (BM) for 2 weeks. For the following 6 weeks, all 12 calves received milk substitute and starter feed. Every week for the first 2 weeks and every 2 weeks for the remaining 6 weeks, we subjected all calves to clinical examination and collected rectal swabs for investigating the fecal microbiota composition. Most WM calves had diarrhea episodes in the first 2 weeks of the trial (5/6 WM and 1/6 BM), and their body weight was significantly lower than that of BM calves. Based on 16S rRNA gene analysis, WM calves had a lower fecal microbiota alpha diversity than that in BM calves, with the lowest p-value at Wk4 (p &lt; 0.02), 2 weeks after exposure to WM. The fecal microbiota beta diversity of the two calf groups was also significantly different at Wk4 (p &lt; 0.05). Numerous significant differences were present in the fecal microbiota taxonomy of WM and BM calves in terms of relative normalized operational taxonomic unit (OTU) levels, affecting five phyla, seven classes, eight orders, 19 families, and 47 genera. At the end of the trial, when 6 weeks had passed since exposure to WM, the phyla Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Saccharibacteria were lower, while Chlamydiae were higher in WM calves. Notably, WM calves showed a decrease in beneficial taxa such as Faecalibacterium, with a concomitant increase in potential pathogens such as Campylobacter, Pseudomonas, and Chlamydophila spp. In conclusion, feeding pre-weaned calves with unpasteurized WM containing antibiotics is related to a higher incidence of neonatal diarrhea and leads to significant changes in the fecal microbiota composition, further discouraging this practice in spite of its short-term economic advantages.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Six Weekly Oral Fecal Microbiota Transplants in People with HIV

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 364
Author(s):  
Netanya Sandler Utay ◽  
Ana N. Monczor ◽  
Anoma Somasunderam ◽  
Sofia Lupo ◽  
Zhi-Dong Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Gut Permeability ◽  
Hiv Rna ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Gut Damage ◽  
Microbiota Diversity ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count

Background: Reduced microbiota diversity (dysbiosis) in people with HIV (PWH) likely contributes to inflammation, a driver of morbidity and mortality. We aimed to evaluate the safety and tolerability of 6 weekly oral fecal microbiota transplants (FMT) administered to reverse this dysbiosis.Methods: Six PWH on suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) received 6 weekly doses of lyophilized fecal microbiota product from healthy donors. Shotgun sequencing on stool before, after last FMT, and 20 weeks thereafter was performed. Inflammation and gut permeability biomarkers were measured.Results: Median age at week 0 was 39 years, CD4+ T cell count 496 cells/mm3, HIV RNA levels <20 copies/mL. FMT was safe and well-tolerated. Alpha diversity increased in 4 participants from weeks 0 to 6, including the 3 with the lowest alpha diversity at week 0. At week 26, alpha diversity more closely resembled week 0 than week 6 in these 4 participants. Metagenomic analysis showed no consistent changes across all participants. One participant had high gut permeability and inflammation biomarker levels and low alpha diversity that improved between weeks 0 and 6 with a shift in distribution.Conclusions: Weekly FMT was safe and well-tolerated. Alpha diversity increased in participants with the lowest baseline alpha diversity during the treatment period. Future randomized, controlled trials of FMT should consider evaluating PWH with greater inflammation, gut damage, or dysbiosis as this population may be most likely to show a significant response.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03329560

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota Changes in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder Treated With Vortioxetine

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolin Ye ◽  
Dong Wang ◽  
Huaqian Zhu ◽  
Dahai Wang ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microflora ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Vortioxetine hydrobromide is a common clinical medication for major depressive disorder (MDD). However, it remains unclear whether vortioxetine hydrobromide acts by affecting the structure and composition of gut microbiota. Here, we analyzed fecal samples from 28 healthy controls (HCs) and 26 patients with MDD before treatment with vortioxetine hydrobromide, at 4 weeks after treatment, and at 8 weeks after treatment. High-throughput pyrosequencing showed that, according to the Chao1 and Shannon indices, fecal bacterial α-diversity was higher in the patients with MDD than in the HCs (p &lt; 0.05), but no significant differences were observed after vortioxetine hydrobromide treatment (p &gt; 0.05). PCoA results revealed that the gut microbiota composition was significantly different between the MDD groups and HCs. Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were strongly increased, whereas Firmicutes were significantly reduced in the MDD group compared with the HCs. After treatment with vortioxetine hydrobromide, Firmicutes were significantly increased, and the proportion of Bacteroidetes decreased. Most notably, Lachnospira, Roseburia, and Faecalibacterium were negatively correlated with the severity of depressive symptoms. Taken together, our data indicate changes in the fecal microbiota composition in MDD patients compared with HCs, and vortioxetine hydrobromide may treat MDD through regulation of the gut microflora.

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