scholarly journals 430. Strategies for Prevention of COVID-19 Transmission in Hospitals

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S316-S317
Author(s):  
Wooyoung Jang ◽  
Bongyoung Kim ◽  
Eu Suk Kim ◽  
Kyoung-Ho Song ◽  
Song Mi Moon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Cycle Threshold ◽  
Pcr Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Pcr Test

Abstract Background Infection control measures against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) within a hospital often rely on expert experience and intuition due to the lack of clear guidelines. This study surveyed current strategies for the prevention of the spread of COVID-19 in medical institutions. Methods Upon systematic review of the guidelines at the national level, 14 key topics were selected. Six hospitals were provided an open survey that assessed their responses to these topics between August 11 and 25, 2020. Using these data, an online questionnaire was developed and sent to the infection control teams of 46 hospitals in South Korea. The survey was conducted between January 31, 2021, and February 20, 2021. Results All 46 hospitals responded to the survey, and 24 hospitals (52.2%) had treated 100 or more cases of COVID-19. All hospitals operated screening clinics, and the criteria were respiratory symptoms (100%), fever (97.8%), and epidemiological association (93.5%). It was found that 89.1% (41/46) of hospitals allowed symptomatic patients to visit their general outpatient clinics if fever or respiratory symptoms were not associated with COVID-19. Most hospitals (87.2%; 34/39) conducted polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests for all hospitalized patients. Moreover, 76.1% (35/46) of hospitals implemented preemptive isolation policies for hospitalized patients, of which 97.1% (34/35) were released from isolation after a single negative PCR test. A little over half of the hospitals (58.7%; 27/46) treated patients that met the national criteria for release from isolation but consistently had positive PCR results. Of these hospitals, 63% (17/27) used N95/KF94 masks, and 40.7% (11/27) used surgical masks without other personal protective equipment for treating them. Most hospitals (76.9%; 20/26) accommodated them in shared rooms when the cycle threshold value of the PCR test was more than a certain value (34.6%; 9/26), or after a certain period that satisfied the national criteria (26.9%; 7/26). Finally, 76.1% (35/46) of hospitals performed emergency procedures or operations on suspected patients. Table 1. Screening and selective treatment policy to prevent COVID-19 patients from entering the hospital Note Values are presented as number (%) Abbreviations: COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; PCR, polymerase chain reaction 1 This question requested the respondent to select multiple items. 2 Suspected cases of COVID-19 include fever, respiratory symptoms, and epidemiological associations with COVID-19 patients. Note Values are presented as number (%) Abbreviations: COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; PAPR, powered air-purifying respirator; Ct, cycle threshold 1 This question requested the respondent to select multiple items. 2 It includes infectious diseases, pulmonology, and the infection control and prevention office. 3 One hospital that wrote a non-categorical answer for the question was excluded. The hospital made a decision after discussing it with an infectious diseases specialist. Conclusion Various guidelines were being applied by each medical institution, but there was a lack of an explicit set of national guidelines to support them. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Perspective of Arguments in Public Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-45
Author(s):  
Dinesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Negative Report ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Time Of Admission ◽  
Pcr Test

Recently, an argument was put forth because a symptomatic and positive patient for CoVID-19 turned tested negative after 7 days, so discharged from the hospital. Both at the time of admission and discharge real-time reverse transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) was done for testing of CoVID-19. Immediately, patient again developed respiratory symptoms and was admitted to hospital again. Amidst of current CoVID-19 pandemic, a question was asked “What is the specificity of the Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) test for COVID-19?” with an assumption that what if at the time of discharge the disease is present in patient but test turned out to be negative? In response to that a counter statement was posed that “It is the sensitivity that should be asked rather than specificity”. It was based on the implication of primary question that was implying false negative report of the RT-PCR. It means, since patient was discharged with negative result that could be false negative.

scholarly journals RESPIRATORY VIRAL INFECTIONS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH HEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Beom Han ◽  
Ju Ae Shin ◽  
Seong koo Kim ◽  
Jae Wook Lee ◽  
Dong-Gun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Hematological Malignancies ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Respiratory Illnesses ◽  
Group I ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Pcr Test

Abstract Background: Despite the introduction of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for the diagnosis of respiratory viral infection (RVI), guidance on the application of this test and the management of RVI in immunocompromised children is lacking. This study evaluated the clinical characteristics of RVI and established strategies for the PCR test in children and adolescents with hematological malignancies.Methods: This study included children and adolescents with underlying hematological malignancies and respiratory symptoms, in whom a multiplex PCR test was performed. Patients in whom RVI was identified and not identified were categorized into Groups I and II, respectively. Group I was sub-divided into patients with upper and lower respiratory infections. The medical records of the enrolled patients were retrospectively reviewed.Results: A total of 93 respiratory illnesses were included. Group I included 46 (49.5%) cases of RVI, including 31 (67.4%) upper and 15 (32.6%) lower respiratory infections. Rhinovirus (37.0%) was the most common viral pathogen. Significantly more patients in Group I had community-acquired respiratory illnesses (p=0.003) and complained of rhinorrhea (p<0.001) and sputum (p=0.008) than those in Group II. In Group I, significantly more patients with lower respiratory infections had uncontrolled underlying malignancies (p=0.038) and received re-induction or palliative chemotherapy (p=0.006) than those with upper respiratory infections.Conclusions: A multiplex PCR test should be considered for RVI diagnosis in immunocompromised children and adolescents with respiratory symptoms, especially in those with rhinorrhea or sputum prominent over a cough. The early application of the PCR test in patients with uncontrolled underlying malignancies may improve outcomes. Keywords: child, hematologic neoplasms, polymerase chain reaction, respiratory tract infections

Death and COVID-19 Anxiety in Home-Quarantined Individuals Aged 65 and Over During the Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 003022282110598
Author(s):  
Hümeyra Aslaner ◽  
Betül Özen ◽  
Zeliha K. Erten ◽  
Mebrure Beyza Gökçek
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Death Anxiety ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Anxiety Score ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Test Result ◽  
Pcr Test

Urgent measures were taken for those at the age of 65 and over who were at the risk group all over the world due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It is known that many individuals at the age of 65 and over have experienced anxiety due to the uncertainties. This study aimed to determine the anxiety and death anxiety in individuals aged 65 and over who were isolation at home due to being diagnosed with COVID-19 or being in contact during the pandemic process. The study is descriptive and cross-sectional. It was performed with 656 home-quarantined individuals aged between 65–80 years with positive or negative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test result. A form including questions about the death anxiety and the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale Short Form prepared by the researchers were administered to the individuals by phone call. Of the participants, 49.5% were male. Median COVID-19 anxiety score was 4 (0–18). Anxiety scores of the male and female participants were similar. Participants with negative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results and those with death anxiety had higher COVID anxiety scores. Death anxiety has increased by 1.661 times in male gender, 1.983 times in RT-PCR positivity and 0.146 times in the presence of symptoms. Individuals with positive COVID-19 test results or those aged 65 and over who had death anxiety and negative COVID-19 test result but who were in home-isolation due to being a contact had higher anxiety score. For this reason, those with death anxiety can be supported in line with their religious beliefs to reduce anxiety. Those with negative PCR test results in quarantine can be adequately informed about the COVID-19.

scholarly journals Feasibility and safety of a symptom-based strategy to discontinue infection control precautions for patients hospitalised with COVID-19 – a retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaël Grandmaison ◽  
Marine Baumberger ◽  
Charlotte Pellaud ◽  
Véronique Erard ◽  
Christian Chuard
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Median Time ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Background: Various recommendations exist concerning the discontinuation of contact and droplet precautions (CDP) for patients hospitalised with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Some are based on repeated negative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results, whereas other are based on clinical criteria. The feasibility and safety of these recommendations are poorly documented. Method: We conducted a retrospective study to assess the feasibility and safety of a symptom-based strategy to discontinue CDP for patients hospitalised with COVID-19. We reviewed the clinical charts of all symptomatic patients hospitalised in our institution with RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 to assess the application of a symptom-based strategy for the implementation and discontinuation of CDP. The patients with discontinuation of CDP in accordance with the symptom-based strategy were cross-referenced with patients with potential hospital-acquired COVID-19 in order to assess the safety of this strategy. Results: Among the 147 patients included in our study, our symptom-based strategy was respected in 95 cases (64.6%). Discontinuation of CDP in accordance with the recommendations occurred in 39 patients (26.5%). After the discontinuation of CDP, patients remained hospitalised for a median time of 18 days, with exposure to a median number of three patients, resulting in a total number of 588 days ‘patient-day-exposition’. No hospital-acquired COVID-19 was detected in contact patients. Discussion: The use of a symptom-based strategy to discontinue CDP is applicable and safe. This symptom-based strategy was applicable regardless of patient’s age or COVID-19 severity.

scholarly journals Deleções do DNA Mitocondrial no Envelhecimento: Efeito da Disfunção na Fosforilação Oxida tiva

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 65-66
Author(s):  
Celia Harumi Tengan
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Pcr Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Vários estudos descreveram o acúmulo de uma deleção do DNA mitocondrial (DNAmt), denominada de deleção comum, em tecidos pós-mitóticos durante o processo de envelhecimento. Esses achados levaram A hipótese de que radicais livres, gerados dentro da mitocandria, poderiam lesar o DNAmt durante a vida normal. Acredita-se que um defeito no funciomento da cadeia respirat6ra, decorrente da lesão do DNAmt, levaria a um aumento na produção de radicais livres, que por sua vez, lesariam o DNAmt, criando um ciclo vicioso é um fator importante no acúmulo de deleções do DNAmt, pacientes com deficiência da função oxidativa (independente do defeito primário) deveriam apresentar um acúmulo acelerado de deleções do DNAmt. Nós testamos esta hipótese através de três analises: (a) comparação dos níveis de deleção comum em controles normais e pacientes com doenças mitocondriais geneticamente caracterizadas e associadas com uma mutação do DNAmt; (b) análise da cosegregação da deleção comum (associada com o envelhecimento) com uma mutação de ponto patogênica do DNAmt; e (c) detecção de deleções múltiplas do DNAmt através de PCR (polymerase chain reaction) longo em controles e pacientes com doenças mitocondriais. Observamos uma correlação positiva entre a idade e MN/6s de deleção comum em controles (r = 0,80) e pacientes (r = 0,69). As inclinações das curvas eram semelhantes, sugerindo que a taxa de acúmulo da deleção comum associada com a idade era a mesma em ambos os grupos. Não conseguimos observar a co-segregação das moléculas de DNAmt contendo a mutação de ponto com a deleção comum e nem aumento no número de deleções em pacientes. Nossos resultados não suportam a hipótese de que o ciclo vicioso (lesão do DNAmt afeta a função da cadeia respiratória, levando a uma maior produção de radicais livres que, por sua vez, provocaria mais lesão do DNAmt) é um fator importante no acúmulo de deleções do DNAmt no processo de envelhecimento.

scholarly journals Streptococcus agalactiae mastitis of bovine detection by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test in AL-Diwanyia province

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Gh. K. A. Al-kuzaay ◽  
Q. H. Kshash
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Specific Primer ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Bacteriological Testing ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Pcr Test

This study was conducted for exam 348 milk samples from (clinically mastitic and other healthy cows) in many areas in AL-Diwanyia province by using CMT and bacteriological testing , which appeared that (64.9%) as percentage of mastitis ( clinically 15.9% , subclinically 84.0% ) Streptococcus agalactiae mastitis 13.2% ( 26.6% clinically , 73.3 % subclinicaly) diagnose by PCR assay by using specific primer (16SrRNA). Streptococcus agalactiae (30 isolates) after classical methods applied for streptococcus agalactiae identification (86 isolates).

scholarly journals A Real-World Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 Rapid Antigen vs. Polymerase Chain Reaction Testing in Florida

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lao-Tzu Allan-Blitz ◽  
Jeffrey D. Klausner
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Real World ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Cycle Threshold ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Symptom Status ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Antigen Tests

Background The reported sensitivity of rapid, antigen-based diagnostics for SARS-CoV-2 infection varies. Few studies have evaluated rapid antigen tests in real-world settings or among large populations. Methods Beginning October 2020, Florida offered individuals presenting for SARS-CoV-2 testing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing if they tested positive by the Abbott BinaxNOW TM COVID-19 Ag Card, were symptomatic, or required or requested PCR testing. We compared test results among individuals who received both types of tests at four publicly-accessible testing sites across Florida. We calculated the positive percent agreement (PPA) between the two test types by symptom status. Subsequently, we evaluated the PPA among individuals regardless of symptoms with lower cycle threshold values (<30). Results Overall, 18,457 individuals were tested via both methods, of which 3,153 (17.1%) were positive by PCR. The PPA for the Abbott BinaxNOW TM COVID-19 Ag Card using the PCR comparator was 49.2% (95% CI 47.4%-50.9%). That performance was moderately improved among symptomatic individuals (51.9%; 95% CI 49.7%-54.0%). When restricted to positive PCR tests with a cycle threshold value <30, regardless of symptom status, the PPA was 75.3% (95% CI 72.8%-77.6%). Conclusion The PPA of the Abbott BinaxNOW TM COVID-19 Ag Card with PCR was lower than among previous reports. Our findings may reflect the performance of the BinaxNOW TM antigen test in real-world settings.

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