scholarly journals 1484Detection of Respiratory Syncytial (RSV) and Influenza Viruses in Children with WHO Defined Pneumonia and Controls from Oshikhandass Village, Gilgit-Baltistan, Northern Pakistan from 2012-2014; Sensitivity and Specificity of Rapid Tests vs PCR

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S392-S392
Author(s):  
Zeba Rasmussen ◽  
Julia M. Baker ◽  
Assis Jahan ◽  
Uzma Bashir Aamir ◽  
Fatima Aziz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Northern Pakistan ◽  
Rapid Tests ◽  
Gilgit Baltistan

HIGHLY SENSITIVE H7N9 AVIAN INFLUENZA VIRUS DETECTION USING REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION LOOP-MEDIATED ISOTHERMAL AMPLIFICATION AND OLIGONUCLEOTIDE MICROARRAY

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (04) ◽  
pp. 251-255
Author(s):  
Lih-Chiann Wang ◽  
Dean Huang
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Oligonucleotide Microarray ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Isothermal Amplification ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification ◽  
Viral Copy Number

H7N9 avian influenza viruses have circulated in the human population and poultry flocks in China since 2013. H7N9 virus monitoring is imperative in Taiwan due to the frequent contact between China and Taiwan. Traditional viral molecular detection methods using RT-PCR and sequencing are time- and labor-intensive, thus a simpler and cheaper method with high sensitivity and specificity is worth developing. We successfully detected human and wild bird H7N9 viruses in this study using reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) and oligonucleotide microarray. The detection limit was as low as one viral copy number. The specific matching reaction between the templates and microarray probes during hybridization ensured the high detection effectiveness. The excellent sensitivity and specificity of the RT-LAMP-microarray makes it a powerful H7N9 surveillance approach in Taiwan.

A dark, firm, dry-like condition in breast meat of roaster chickens condemned for ascites, valgus-varus deformity and emaciation

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
J. G. Mallia ◽  
S. Barbut ◽  
J-P. Vaillancourt ◽  
S. W. Martin ◽  
S. A. McEwen
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Varus Deformity ◽  
Pectoralis Major ◽  
Good Sensitivity ◽  
Current Policy ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Rapid Tests

Chicken carcasses with dark, firm, dry traits (DFD) are currently condemned in Canada for cyanosis. Reconsideration of the current policy requires tests for distinguishing DFD carcasses from those that are inadequately bled. Birds in other categories such as ascites (AS), emaciation (EM), and valgus-varus deformity (VVD) may also present a dark carcass color. Chickens condemned for DFD and inadequate bleeding (IB), and also for AS, EM and VVD were collected, and visually separated into "light" or "dark" groups. Color (Commission Intern. de l'Eclairage L*a*b*) and pH were measured at slaughter, on four fixed sites of the pectoralis major. pH was highly and negatively correlated with L* for AS (r = –0.57), EM (r = –0.64), and VVD (r = –0.66). The dark classes of EM and VVD were not significantly different (P > 0.05) for pH, L*, and a* from DFD carcasses, but the dark AS class was redder and less acidic than DFD carcasses. Color and pH were not correlated in the inadequately-bled group, which was lighter, less red, and more acidic than the DFD group. Tests based on pH and a*, used to distinguish DFD from inadequately bled carcasses, showed good sensitivity and specificity. The agreement beyond chance between the pH and a* tests was good (Kappa = 0.65). We conclude (1) that a DFD-like condition was present in the dark classes of AS, EM and VVD, and (2) that inadequately bled chickens can be distinguished from those with DFD traits by the use of tests based on pH and a*. Key words: Poultry color, rapid tests, chicken, dark firm dry meat, cyanosis

scholarly journals Diagnosis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection with Different Subtypes Using Rapid Tests

2000 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 698-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Phillips ◽  
Timothy C. Granade ◽  
Chou-Pong Pau ◽  
Debra Candal ◽  
Dale J. Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Rapid Tests ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT We evaluated six rapid tests for their sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection using 241 specimens (172 HIV-1 positive, 69 HIV-1 negative) representing different HIV-1 subtypes (A [n = 40], B [n = 47], C [n = 28], E [n = 42], and F [n = 7]). HIVCHEK, Multispot, RTD and SeroStrip were 100% sensitive and specific. Capillus failed to identify two of eight subtype C specimens (overall sensitivity of 98.85%), while the SUDS test (the only test approved by the Food and Drug Administration) gave false-positive results for 5 of 69 seronegative specimens (specificity of 93.24%). Our results suggest that although rapid tests perform well in general, it may be prudent to evaluate a rapid test for sensitivity and specificity in a local population prior to its widespread use.

Meta-Analysis for the Pooled Sensitivity and Specificity of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Rapid Tests

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Hyun Hwang ◽  
Heung-Bum Oh ◽  
Sung-Eun Choi ◽  
Hyung-Hoi Kim ◽  
Chulhun L Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Rapid Tests

scholarly journals How does community-managed infrastructure scale up from rural to urban? An example of co-production in community water projects in Northern Pakistan

2021 ◽  
pp. 095624782110348
Author(s):  
Matt Birkinshaw ◽  
Anna Grieser ◽  
Jeff Tan
Keyword(s):  
Scale Up ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Community Management ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Northern Pakistan ◽  
Community Based ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Gilgit Baltistan

This paper examines the role of participation, co-production and community management in a random sample of 50 rural and urban water systems under the Water and Sanitation Extension Programme (WASEP) in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. It looks at the role of an NGO (the Aga Khan Agency for Habitat) in co-production, and how this model of community-based water management (CBWM) contributes to the discussion in the literature. Specifically, the paper considers whether the largely rural WASEP model can be successfully scaled up and scaled out to urban centres, drawing on evidence from a survey of over 2,500 rural and urban households. The findings illustrate the importance of participation in the successful delivery of water systems. However, higher levels of rural participation are related to specifically rural features, including the smaller size and more limited diversity of communities. The paper concludes that new methods may be required for the transfer of CBWM to urban centres with much larger, more diverse and growing populations.

scholarly journals Cholera Rapid Diagnostic Tests for the Detection of Vibrio cholerae O1: An Updated Meta-Analysis

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2095
Author(s):  
Basilua Andre Muzembo ◽  
Kei Kitahara ◽  
Ayumu Ohno ◽  
Anusuya Debnath ◽  
Keinosuke Okamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Stool Culture ◽  
Outbreak Management ◽  
Rapid Tests ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1 ◽  
Moderate Sensitivity ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The rapid diagnosis of cholera contributes to adequate outbreak management. This meta-analysis assesses the diagnostic accuracy of cholera rapid tests (RDTs) to detect Vibrio cholerae O1. Methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched four databases (Medline, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and Web of Science up to 8 September 2021) for studies that evaluated cholera RDTs for the detection of V. cholerae O1 compared with either stool culture or polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We assessed the studies’ quality using the QUADAS-2 criteria. In addition, in this update, GRADE approach was used to rate the overall certainty of the evidence. We performed a bivariate random-effects meta-analysis to calculate the pooled sensitivity and specificity of cholera RDTs. Results: Overall, 20 studies were included in this meta-analysis. Studies were from Africa (n = 11), Asia (n = 7), and America (Haiti; n = 2). They evaluated eight RDTs (Crystal VC-O1, Crystal VC, Cholkit, Institut Pasteur cholera dipstick, SD Bioline, Artron, Cholera Smart O1, and Smart II Cholera O1). Using direct specimen testing, sensitivity and specificity of RDTs were 90% (95% CI, 86 to 93) and 86% (95% CI, 81 to 90), respectively. Cholera Sensitivity was higher in studies conducted in Africa [92% (95% CI, 89 to 94)] compared with Asia [82% (95% CI, 77 to 87)]. However, specificity [83% (95% CI, 71 to 91)] was lower in Africa compared with Asia [90% (95% CI, 84 to 94)]. GRADE quality of evidence was estimated as moderate. Conclusions: Against culture or PCR, current cholera RDTs have moderate sensitivity and specificity for detecting Vibrio cholerae O1.

scholarly journals Clinical Evaluation of a Combo Rapid Antigen Test QuickNavi-Flu+COVID19 Ag for Simultaneous Detection of SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza Viruses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuto Takeuchi ◽  
Yusaku Akashi ◽  
Yoshihiko Kiyasu ◽  
Norihiko Terada ◽  
Yoko Kurihara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Antigen Test ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
The Real ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr

AbstractIntroductionSince respiratory sample collection is an uncomfortable experience, simultaneous detection of pathogens with a single swab is preferable. We prospectively evaluated the clinical performance of a newly developed antigen test QuickNavi-Flu+COVID19 Ag (Denka Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) which can detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza viruses at the same time with a single testing device.MethodsIncluded were those who were suspected of contracting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and referred to a PCR center at Ibaraki prefecture in Japan, between August 2, 2021 to September 13, 2021, when the L452R mutant strains of SARS-CoV-2 were prevalent. Additional nasopharyngeal samples and anterior nasal samples were obtained for the antigen test and were compared with a reference reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) using nasopharyngeal samples.ResultsIn total, 1510 nasopharyngeal samples and 862 anterior nasal samples were evaluated. For SARS-CoV-2 detection in nasopharyngeal samples, the sensitivity and specificity of the antigen test were 80.9% and 99.8%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity using anterior nasal samples were 67.8% and 100%, respectively. In symptomatic cases, the sensitivities increased to 88.3% with nasopharyngeal samples and 73.7% with anterior nasal samples. There were three cases of discrepant results between the antigen test and the real-time RT-PCR. All of them were positive with the antigen test but negative with the real-time RT-PCR in SARS-CoV-2 detection. During the study period, influenza viruses were not detected.ConclusionA combo kit, QuickNavi-Flu+COVID19 Ag, showed an acceptable sensitivity and sufficient specificity for SARS-CoV-2 detection, especially using nasopharyngeal sample collected from symptomatic patients.

scholarly journals PERBANDINGAN DETEKSI PLASMODIUM SPP ANTARA METODE IMMUNOCHROMATOGRAPHIC ASSAY DENGAN METODE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanes Nyoman D. Widiswara Mawan
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Immunochromatographic Assay ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Genus Plasmodium ◽  
The World ◽  
Rapid Tests ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract: Malaria is caused by protozoa of the genus Plasmodium remains a health problem in the world, especially in tropical countries and subtropical. Incidence of malaria from the World Health Organization (WHO) shows that in 2010 as many as 219 million cases of clinical malaria episodes show and 660,000 of them died. Therefore we need a means of early diagnosis has a sensitivity and specificity are good. This study compared the sensitivity and specificity of detection of Plasmodium spp using Immunochromatographic Assay method commonly known as rapid inspection test and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). This study is a diagnostic test with a sample of 30 people who were taken with random sampling method in malaria patients who come to Budi Mulia Hospital since September 2013 - November 2013. The sample is a blood specimen taken at the brachial vein previously given informed consent in patients with the triad of symptoms of malaria in the area of ​​Bitung, Manado. From the blood samples examined by PCR. The results of the rapid tests and PCR in the detection of Plasmodium spp diagnostic test is then performed to determine the level of sensitivity and specificity. Result: The level of sensitivity of rapid tests in general by 89,2%, specificity of 100%, a positive predictive value of 100% and a negative predictive value of 40%. Conclusions: The sensitivity is moderate but has high specificity. Keywords:   Immunochromatographic Assay, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), rapid tests, sensitivity, specificity  Abstrak: Malaria yang disebabkan oleh protozoa dari genus Plasmodium masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di dunia terutama di negara- negara tropis dan subtropis. Kejadian malaria dari World Health Organization (WHO) menunjukan bahwa pada 2010 sebanyak 219 juta kasus menunjukan episode klinik malaria dan 660.000 diantaranya meninggal dunia. Oleh karena itu diperlukan suatu alat diagnosa dini yang memiliki sensitivitas dan spesifisitas yang yang baik. Penelitian ini membandingkan tingkat sensitivitas dan spesifisitas deteksi Plasmodium spp dengan menggunakan metode Immunochromatographic Assay yang biasa dikenal dengan pemeriksaan rapid tes dan Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian uji diagnostik dengan sampel sejumlah 30 orang yang diambil secara random sampling pada pasien malaria yang datang ke RSU Budi Mulia sejak bulan September 2013 - November 2013. Sampel adalah spesimen darah yang diambil pada vena brachialis yang sebelumnya telah diberikan inform consent pada pasien dengan gejala trias malaria di daerah Bitung, Manado. Dari sampel darah tersebut dilakukan pemeriksaan dengan PCR. Hasil dari rapid tes dengan metode Immunochromatographic dan PCR dalam mendeteksi Plasmodium spp selanjutnya dilakukan uji diagnostik untuk mengetahui tingkat sensitivitas dan spesifisitasnya. Hasil : Tingkat sensitivitas rapid tes secara umum sebesar 89,2%, spesifisitas sebesar 100%, nilai duga positif sebesar 100% dan nilai duga negatif sebesar 40%. Simpulan: Nilai sensitivitas yang sedang tetapi  memiliki  nilai spesifisitas  yang tinggi. Kata Kunci : Immunochromatographic Assay, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), rapid tes, sensitivitas, spesifisitas

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