scholarly journals Activity of Ceftolozane-Tazobactam and Comparators When Tested against Bacterial Surveillance Isolates Collected from Pediatric Patients in the US during 2012–2016 as Part of a Global Surveillance Program

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S367-S367
Author(s):  
Dee Shortridge ◽  
Leonard R Duncan ◽  
Michael a Pfaller ◽  
Robert K Flamm
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Infection Type ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
The Us ◽  
Clinical Breakpoints ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Research Grant

Abstract Background Ceftolozane-tazobactam (C-T) is an antibacterial combination of a novel antipseudomonal cephalosporin and a β-lactamase inhibitor. C-T was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2014 and by the European Medicine Agency in 2015 to treat complicated urinary tract infections, acute pyelonephritis, and complicated intra-abdominal infections in adults. The Program to Assess Ceftolozane-Tazobactam Susceptibility (PACTS) monitors C-T resistance to gram-negative (GN) isolates worldwide. Methods A total of 4121 GN isolates were collected during 2012–2016 from pediatric patients (<18 years old) in 31 US hospitals and tested for C-T susceptibility (S) by CLSI broth microdilution method in a central monitoring laboratory (JMI Laboratories). Other antibiotics tested were amikacin (AMK), cefepime (FEP), ceftazidime (CAZ), colistin (COL), levofloxacin (LVX), meropenem (MER), and piperacillin-tazobactam (TZP). Antibiotic-resistant phenotypes identified using CLSI (2017) clinical breakpoints included: carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), non-CRE extended-spectrum β-lactamase screen positive (ESBL, non-CRE), ceftazidime-nonsusceptible (CAZ-NS), and meropenem-NS (MER-NS). EUCAST (2017) COL clinical breakpoints were used for Enterobacteriaceae (ENT). Results The most common infection type in hospitalized pediatric patients was pneumonia (n = 1,488) followed by urinary tract infection (n = 1,143) and bloodstream infection (n = 767). A total of 2,969 ENT and 1,152 non-enterics were isolated. The 5 most common species were Escherichia coli (EC: 1,311), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PSA: 821 isolates), Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPN: 429), Enterobacter cloacae complex (ECC: 360), and Serratia marcescens (SM: 264). Susceptibilities of C-T and comparators for the main species and resistant phenotypes are shown in the Table. Only 7 isolates were CRE in this study. Conclusion C-T demonstrated good activity against pediatric ENT isolates (96.1%S), EC (99.2%S), and KPN (97.9%S). For ENT, all agents but COL had >90% S. For PSA, C-T demonstrated potent activity (99.5%S) and was the most potent antibiotic tested with activity similar to COL. Disclosures D. Shortridge, Merck: Research Contractor, Research grant; L. R. Duncan, Merck: Research Contractor, Research grant; M. A. Pfaller, Merck: Research Contractor, Research grant; R. K. Flamm, Merck: Research Contractor, Research grant

In Vitro Activity of Imipenem/Relebactam Against Gram-Negative Bacilli from Pediatric Patients—Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends (SMART) global surveillance program 2015–2017

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A Karlowsky ◽  
Sibylle H Lob ◽  
Katherine Young ◽  
Mary R Motyl ◽  
Daniel F Sahm
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background Studies describing the activity of imipenem/relebactam against gram-negative bacilli (GNB) isolated from pediatric patients are lacking in the peer-reviewed literature. We address this deficiency by reporting on GNB tested against imipenem/relebactam as part of the Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends global surveillance program. Methods In 2015–2017, 221 laboratories in 59 countries collected 9149 consecutive, aerobic or facultative GNB from pediatric patients (age <18 years) and 100 785 from adult patients with intraabdominal, respiratory, and urinary tract infections. Susceptibility was determined using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) broth microdilution methodology and CLSI breakpoints (and US Food and Drug Administration breakpoints for imipenem/relebactam). Results The 4 most common species of GNB isolated from pediatric patients were Escherichia coli (40.4%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (17.1%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (13.9%), and Enterobacter cloacae (4.7%); non-Morganellaceae Enterobacterales (NME) accounted for 70.1% of isolates. Imipenem/relebactam inhibited 97.8% of NME from pediatric patients; susceptibility to imipenem was 1.9% lower, and susceptibility to β-lactam comparators (cefepime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, piperacillin/tazobactam) was 9.2-25.2% lower. Imipenem/relebactam inhibited 94.2% of P. aeruginosa from pediatric patients; susceptibility to imipenem was 16.2% lower, and susceptibility to β-lactam comparators was 10.2-15.6% lower. Susceptibility was generally slightly higher for isolates from pediatric than adult patients. All K. pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)–positive isolates, 93.3% of multidrug-resistant (MDR) NME isolates, and 70.5% of MDR P. aeruginosa isolates from pediatric patients were susceptible to imipenem/relebactam. Conclusions Imipenem/relebactam provides a new treatment option for infections caused by resistant gram-negative bacilli, including KPC-positive NME, MDR NME, and MDR P. aeruginosa.

scholarly journals Ceftobiprole Activity When Tested Against Contemporary Bacteria Causing Bloodstream Infections in the US (2016)

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S368-S368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert K Flamm ◽  
Leonard R Duncan ◽  
Dee Shortridge ◽  
Jennifer I Smart ◽  
Kamal Hamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
The Us ◽  
Research Grant

Abstract Background Ceftobiprole medocaril (prodrug of ceftobiprole) is an advanced cephalosporin, approved for adults in multiple European countries for the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia (excluding ventilator-associated pneumonia) or community-acquired pneumonia. It is not approved in the US; however, it has achieved qualified infectious disease product status and two phase 3 studies supported by BARDA are planned to begin in the US in 2017. Methods A total of 2,787 Gram-positive (GP) and -negative (GN) isolates from bloodstream infections (BSI) from 30 medical centers in the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program were evaluated. Isolates were collected in the US during 2016. Susceptibility (S) testing was performed by reference broth microdilution method against ceftobiprole and comparators. Isolates included 693 Staphylococcus aureus (SA), 216 coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), 244 enterococci, 63 Streptococcus pneumoniae (SPN), 74 viridans group streptococci (VGS), 138 β-haemolytic streptococci (BHS), 1,105 Enterobacteriaceae (ENT), 129 Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PSA), 41 Acinetobacter spp. (ASP), 30 Stenotrophomonas maltophila, 19 Haemophilus spp. and 35 miscellaneous bacteria. Results Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) S rates were lower than for methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) for most agents. For levofloxacin (LEV) and erythromycin (ERY), the S rates were LEV: MRSA, 23.2%; MSSA, 86.1%; ERY: MRSA, 9.0%; MSSA, 69.3%. All MSSA and 99.0% of MRSA were S to ceftobiprole, while all MSSA and 96.5% of MRSA were S to ceftaroline (CPT). For CoNS, 98.1% of ceftobiprole MIC values were ≤2mg/L. Ceftobiprole was active against Enterococcus faecalis (96.1% ≤2mg/L) and not against E. faecium (18.9% ≤2mg/L). Against ENT, ceftobiprole (85.0%S) was similar in activity to ceftazidime (CAZ, 87.2%S) and cefepime (FEP, 88.9%S). The MIC50/90 values for ceftobiprole, FEP, and CAZ against PSA were identical at 2/16 mg/L. Conclusion Ceftobiprole exhibited potent in vitro activity against GP and GN isolates from contemporary BSI in the US. These results support further clinical evaluation of ceftobiprole for the treatment of BSI. Disclosures R. K. Flamm, Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd.: Research Contractor, Research grant; L. R. Duncan, Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd.: Research Contractor, Research grant; D. Shortridge, Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd.: Research Contractor, Research grant; J. I. Smart, Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd.: Employee, Salary; K. Hamed, Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd.: Employee, Salary; R. E. Mendes, Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd.: Research Contractor, Research grant; H. S. Sader, Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd.: Research Contractor, Research grant

scholarly journals 1547. Activity of Tedizolid and Comparator Agents against Gram-Positive Bacterial Isolates Causing Skin and Skin Structure Infections in Pediatric Patients during 2015-2019 in the US

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S773-S773
Author(s):  
Cecilia G Carvalhaes ◽  
Helio S Sader ◽  
Paul R Rhomberg ◽  
Mariana Castanheira ◽  
Rodrigo E Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Services Research ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Skin Structure ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
The Us ◽  
Center Research ◽  
Research Grant

Abstract Background New strategies to treat acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSI) are needed due to the spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), a common multidrug resistant pathogen of ABSSSIs. Tedizolid (TZD) was approved by the US FDA for treating ABSSSI in adults and is under evaluation for treating pediatric patients. Accordingly, the activity of TZD and comparators was evaluated against clinical surveillance isolates collected from pediatric patients with SSSI in the US. Methods A total of 2,758 Gram-positive isolates were collected from pediatric patients with SSSIs in 33 sites in the US between 2015 and 2019 as part of the Surveillance of Tedizolid Activity and Resistance (STAR) Program. Bacterial identification was confirmed by MALDI-TOF MS and susceptibility (S) testing performed by the CLSI reference broth microdilution method. Current CLSI interpretative criteria was applied. Results S. aureus (SA; n=2,163; 78.4%) was the most frequent pathogen recovered from all age groups (≤ 1y; 2-5y; 6-12y; 13-17y), followed by β-hemolytic streptococci (BHS; n=460; 16.7%), and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS; n=70; 2.5%). TZD was active against all SA (MIC50/90, 0.12/0.25 mg/L; 100% S). Equivalent TZD MIC50/90 values (0.12/0.25 mg/L) were observed against MRSA (n=886; 41.0%; MIC50/90, 0.12/0.25 mg/L) and methicillin susceptible (MSSA; MIC50/90, 0.12/0.25 mg/L) isolates, regardless the age group. TZD also was very active against BHS (MIC50/90, 0.12/0.25 mg/L; 100% S, regardless of species). TZD, linezolid, and daptomycin had 100.0% S rates against the main Gram-positive species and organism groups (Figure). Ceftaroline and clindamycin showed S rates of >90% against MRSA, MSSA, S. pyogenes and S. dysgalactiae. Lower S rates were observed for clindamycin against VGS (88.2%) and S. agalactiae (64.1%). TZD was the most potent agent (MIC90, 0.25 mg/L) against Enterococcus faecalis (n=30, 1.1%), and a vancomycin-resistance phenotype was observed in 1 (3.3%) isolate. Conclusion TZD was highly active against Gram-positive clinical isolates responsible for SSSI in pediatric patients across US hospitals from a 5-year period. TZD was equipotent or more potent than comparators against MSSA and MRSA isolates. Table 1 Disclosures Cecilia G. Carvalhaes, MD, PhD, A. Menarini Industrie Farmaceutiche Riunite S.R.L. (Research Grant or Support)Allergan (Research Grant or Support)Cidara Therapeutics (Research Grant or Support)Cipla Ltd. (Research Grant or Support)Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center (Research Grant or Support)Melinta Therapeutics, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Merck (Research Grant or Support)Merck (Research Grant or Support)Merck & Co, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Pfizer (Research Grant or Support) Helio S. Sader, MD, PhD, A. Menarini Industrie Farmaceutiche Riunite S.R.L. (Research Grant or Support)Allergan (Research Grant or Support)Allergan (Research Grant or Support)Allergan (Research Grant or Support)Cipla Ltd. (Research Grant or Support)Cipla Ltd. (Research Grant or Support)Melinta (Research Grant or Support)Merck (Research Grant or Support)Merck (Research Grant or Support)Paratek Pharma, LLC (Research Grant or Support)Pfizer (Research Grant or Support) Paul R. Rhomberg, n/a, Cidara Therapeutics (Research Grant or Support)Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center (Research Grant or Support)Merck (Research Grant or Support) Mariana Castanheira, PhD, 1928 Diagnostics (Research Grant or Support)A. Menarini Industrie Farmaceutiche Riunite S.R.L. (Research Grant or Support)Allergan (Research Grant or Support)Allergan (Research Grant or Support)Amplyx Pharmaceuticals (Research Grant or Support)Cidara Therapeutics (Research Grant or Support)Cidara Therapeutics (Research Grant or Support)Cipla Ltd. (Research Grant or Support)Cipla Ltd. (Research Grant or Support)Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center (Research Grant or Support)GlaxoSmithKline (Research Grant or Support)Melinta Therapeutics, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Melinta Therapeutics, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Melinta Therapeutics, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Merck (Research Grant or Support)Merck (Research Grant or Support)Merck & Co, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Merck & Co, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Paratek Pharma, LLC (Research Grant or Support)Pfizer (Research Grant or Support)Qpex Biopharma (Research Grant or Support) Rodrigo E. Mendes, PhD, A. Menarini Industrie Farmaceutiche Riunite S.R.L. (Research Grant or Support)Allergan (Research Grant or Support)Allergan (Research Grant or Support)Basilea Pharmaceutica International, Ltd (Research Grant or Support)Cipla Ltd. (Research Grant or Support)Department of Health and Human Services (Research Grant or Support)GlaxoSmithKline (Research Grant or Support)Melinta Therapeutics, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Merck (Research Grant or Support)Merck (Research Grant or Support)Pfizer (Research Grant or Support)

scholarly journals 1695. Tebipenem: An Oral Carbapenem with activity against Multi-drug Resistant Urinary Tract Infection isolates of Escherichia coli collected from US Medical Centers during 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S831-S831
Author(s):  
Ian A Critchley ◽  
Nicole S Cotroneo ◽  
Michael J Pucci ◽  
Akash Jain ◽  
Rodrigo E Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Services Research ◽  
Similar Activity ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Oral Agents ◽  
The Us ◽  
Research Grant

Abstract Background Escherichi coli (EC) is a predominant urinary tract infection (UTI) pathogen where increasing prevalence of extended spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL) continues to compromise the use of currently available oral antibiotics. ESBL-producing EC exhibit coresistance to the fluoroquinolones (FQs) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) making treatment of UTIs outside the hospital difficult and intravenous (IV) agents are often needed. Tebipenem (TBP) is an oral carbapenem with similar activity to IV carbapenems in clinical development for treating complicated UTIs (cUTI). This study assessed the activity of TBP against EC collected from UTIs in the US including isolates R to oral agents. Methods 1133 EC from UTIs in the 2019 STEWARD Surveillance Program were tested for susceptibility to TBP and comparators. Isolates were collected from medical centers geographically distributed across the US Census regions, centrally tested, and susceptibility (S) interpreted according to CLSI criteria. Results Overall prevalence of ESBL EC from UTI was 15.4% and R to oral cefuroxime, levofloxacin and TMP-SMX were: 15.6%, 23.9% and 33.5%, respectively. In contrast, low R was observed for the IV carbapenems. All EC were inhibited by TBP at ≤0.5 µg/mL and the MIC90 was 0.015 µg/mL compared with MIC90s of 0.03 µg/mL for meropenem (MER) and ertapenem (ETP). Using a tentative PK/PD cut off of 0.12 µg/mL 99.7% of EC were inhibited by TBP. The MIC90s for LEV and TMP-SMX were 32 and >16 µg/mL, respectively, against ESBL EC with R rates at ≥66.3%. MIC90s of 0.03, 0.03 and 0.12 µg/mL, respectively, were noted for TBP, MER (100% S) and ETP (99.6% S). TBP was active against LEV-R, TMP-SMX-R and MDR (≥3 classes) EC with MIC90s of 0.03 µg/mL. Conclusion R to oral agents remains high, raising concerns on empiric use. Carbapenems remain active against EC due to their stability to ESBLs and are not compromised by co-resistance. TBP is an oral carbapenem with similar activity to IV carbapenems based on comparison of MIC90 values. Although no breakpoints are available, ≥99.7% of EC were inhibited by TBP at ≤0.12 µg/mL highlighting potential as a new oral option for cUTIs in an era of ESBL mediated co-resistance to the FQs and TMP-SMX. Disclosures Ian A. Critchley, PhD, Spero Therapeutics (Employee, Shareholder) Nicole S. Cotroneo, BS, Spero Therapeutics (Employee, Shareholder) Michael J. Pucci, PhD, Spero Therapeutics (Employee)Spero Therapeutics (Employee) Akash Jain, PhD, Spero Therapeutics (Employee) Rodrigo E. Mendes, PhD, A. Menarini Industrie Farmaceutiche Riunite S.R.L. (Research Grant or Support)Allergan (Research Grant or Support)Allergan (Research Grant or Support)Basilea Pharmaceutica International, Ltd (Research Grant or Support)Cipla Ltd. (Research Grant or Support)Department of Health and Human Services (Research Grant or Support)GlaxoSmithKline (Research Grant or Support)Melinta Therapeutics, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Merck (Research Grant or Support)Merck (Research Grant or Support)Pfizer (Research Grant or Support)

scholarly journals 1047. Global Surveillance: Susceptibility of Ceftolozane–Tazobactam Against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates Collected From Bloodstream Infections in the United States From 2015 to 2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S313-S313
Author(s):  
S J Ryan Arends ◽  
Dee Shortridge ◽  
Mariana Castanheira ◽  
Jennifer M Streit ◽  
Robert K Flamm
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Support ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
The Us ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background Ceftolozane–tazobactam (C-T) is an antibacterial combination of a novel antipseudomonal cephalosporin and a β-lactamase inhibitor. C-T was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2014 and by the European Medicines Agency in 2015 to treat complicated urinary tract infections, acute pyelonephritis, and complicated intra-abdominal infections. The Program to Assess Ceftolozane-Tazobactam Susceptibility (PACTS) monitors Gram-negative (GN) isolates resistant to C-T worldwide. In the current study, isolates were collected from patients hospitalized with bloodstream infections (BSIs) from 2015 to 2017 within the United States. Methods A total of 3,377 prevalence-based BSI GN isolates, including Escherichia coli (EC; 1,422), Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPN, 630), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PSA; 344), were collected during 2015 to 2017 from 32 PACTS hospitals in the United States. Isolates were tested for C-T susceptibility by CLSI broth microdilution method in a central monitoring laboratory (JMI Laboratories). Other antibiotics tested were amikacin (AMK), cefepime (FEP), ceftazidime (CAZ), colistin (COL), levofloxacin (LVX), meropenem (MEM), and piperacillin–tazobactam (TZP). Antibiotic-resistant phenotypes analyzed (CLSI, 2018) for EC and KPN included carbapenem-R (CR) and non-CR extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL); as well as CAZ-nonsusceptible (CAZ-NS), MEM-NS, and COL-NS PSA. Results Of the 3,377 BSI GN isolates, 3,219 (95.3%) had a C-T MIC ≤ 4 mg/L. The three most prevalent GN species isolated from BSIs were EC (42.1%), KPN (18.7%), and PSA (10.2%). The %S of C-T and comparators for the top three pathogens are shown in the table. C-T showed activity against these isolates with %S of ≥96.0% against all three species. Of the comparators tested, AMK and COL also had high %S against these isolates. Conclusion C-T demonstrated activity against the most prevalent contemporary GN isolates from BSIs in the US. C-T was the only beta-lactam that had ≥96%S against all three species: EC, KPN, and PSA. For PSA, C-T maintained activity (>90%S) against isolates resistant to CAZ, TZP, and MEM. These data suggest that C-T may be a useful treatment for GN BSI. Disclosures S. J. R. Arends, Merck: Research Contractor, Research support. D. Shortridge, Merck: Research Contractor, Research support. M. Castanheira, Merck: Research Contractor, Research support. J. M. Streit, Merck: Research Contractor, Research support. R. K. Flamm, Merck: Research Contractor, Research support.

scholarly journals Activity of Tedizolid against Gram-Positive Clinical Isolates Causing Nosocomial- and Community-Acquired Infections in United States Hospitals (2014–2016)

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S371-S371
Author(s):  
Rodrigo E Mendes ◽  
Dee Shortridge ◽  
S J Ryan Arends ◽  
Helio S Sader ◽  
Mariana Castanheira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Type ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
The Us ◽  
Star Program ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
Research Grant

Abstract Background Tedizolid (TZD) was approved for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections and is also under investigation for the treatment of hospital-acquired (HA) bacterial pneumonia. The activity of TZD and comparators were evaluated against gram-positive (GP) pathogens causing community (CA)-acquired and HA infections in the US. Methods During the Surveillance of Tedizolid Activity and Resistance (STAR) Program, 10,091 GP isolates were recovered from patients in 31 US hospitals. Isolates were identified by standard biochemical algorithms and MALDI-TOF MS. Susceptibility (S) testing followed CLSI methods and CLSI/EUCAST interpretation. CA and HA infections were defined based on CDC criteria. Results TZD (MIC50/90, 0.12/0.12 µg/mL; 100.0%S) showed equivalent MIC50 and MIC90 values against MSSA and MRSA, regardless of infection type or origin of isolate (Table). Linezolid (LZD; MIC50/90, 0.5–1/1 µg/mL; 100.0%S), daptomycin (DAP; MIC50/90, 0.25/0.5 µg/mL; 99.5–100.0%S), vancomycin (VAN; MIC50/90, 0.5–1/1 µg/mL; 100.0%S) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (MIC50/90, ≤0.5/≤0.5 µg/mL; 93.0–99.5%S) were also active throughout against MSSA and MRSA, while MICs for other agents varied. TZD (MIC50/90, 0.12/0.25 µg/mL; 100.0%S) activities were consistent against E. faecalis causing various infections from different origins, as were LZD (MIC50/90, 1/1 µg/mL; 100.0%S), ampicillin (MIC50/90, 1/1–2 µg/mL; 100.0%S), DAP (MIC50/90, 1/1–2 µg/mL; 100.0%S), and VAN (MIC50/90, 1/2 µg/mL; 94.9–97.0%S), although these agents had MIC50 and MIC90 values 4- to 8-fold higher than TZD. TZD (MIC50/90, 0.12/0.25 µg/mL), LZD (MIC50/90, 1/1–2 µg/mL; 97.6–100.0%S) and DAP (MIC50/90, 1/2–4 µg/mL; 97.4–100.0%S) were active in vitro against E. faecium, regardless of infection type. S. pneumoniae isolates were S to several drugs tested, and ceftaroline showed the lowest MICs (MIC50/90, ≤0.015/0.06 µg/mL; 100.0%S). Conclusion TZD had potent in vitro activity against GP isolates causing CA and HA infections in US hospitals, regardless of infection site or bacterial species. The TZD in vitro potency was also generally higher than clinically available comparator agents. Disclosures R. E. Mendes, Merck: Research Contractor, Research grant; 
D. Shortridge, Merck: Research Contractor, Research grant; S. J. R. Arends, Merck: Research Contractor, Research grant; H. S. Sader, Merck: Research Contractor, Research grant; M. Castanheira, Merck: Research Contractor, Research grant; 
R. K. Flamm, Merck: Research Contractor, Research grant

scholarly journals Aztreonam in the treatment of severe urinary tract infections in pediatric patients.

1986 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 310-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Rusconi ◽  
B M Assael ◽  
A Boccazzi ◽  
R Colombo ◽  
R M Crossignani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Tract Infections

scholarly journals Vitamin C in the Presence of Sub-Inhibitory Concentration of Aminoglycosides and Fluoroquinolones Alters Proteus mirabilis Biofilm Inhibitory Rate

Antibiotics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Kwiecińska-Piróg ◽  
Krzysztof Skowron ◽  
Tomasz Bogiel ◽  
Agata Białucha ◽  
Jana Przekwas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Acid Addition ◽  
Tract Infections

Vitamin C has antimicrobial activity and is often used as an oral supplement accompanying antibiotic treatment in urinary tract infections (UTI). Proteus mirabilis is the third common species responsible for UTIs that are mostly treated with fluoroquinolones or aminoglycosides. Treatment of the UTI caused by P. mirabilis is problematic due to the ability to form biofilm on the urinary catheters. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of ascorbic acid in combination with antibiotics on P. mirabilis abilities to form biofilm. The susceptibility of P. mirabilis reference strain ATCC® 29906™ and four clinical strains isolated from the urine samples of patients with urinary catheter were evaluated according to EUCAST recommendations. The influence of ascorbic acid (0.4 mg × mL−1) in combination with antibiotics on biofilm formation was evaluated spectrophotometrically. Aminoglycosides at sub-inhibitory concentrations more successfully limited biofilm formation by P. mirabilis strains without ascorbic acid addition. Inhibition rate differences at the lowest concentrations of gentamicin and amikacin were statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05). Ascorbic acid addition to the culture medium limited the inhibitory effect of fluoroquinolones, facilitating biofilm formation by P. mirabilis strains. The addition of ascorbic acid during aminoglycosides therapy may disturb treatment of urinary tract infections related to the presence of P. mirabilis biofilm.

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