scholarly journals Lyophilized Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Capsules for Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S381-S381
Author(s):  
Hebert Dupont ◽  
Zhi-Dong Jiang ◽  
Ashley Alexander ◽  
Nadim Ajami ◽  
Joseph F Petrosino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Gene Profiling ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Microbiome Diversity

Abstract Background Fecal microbiota (FM) transplantation (FMT) is a highly effective treatment of recurrent C. difficile infection (rCDI). We have published data showing efficacy of fresh, frozen and lyophilized donor microbiota administered by colonoscopy. Most groups are moving toward use of frozen product given by enema and in evaluating encapsulated product for oral delivery. Methods This was a prospective, randomized study of subjects with rCDI (≥ 3 episodes) treated with encapsulated lyophilized FM 100 g given once or 100 g given on two successive days (total 200 g) vs. frozen FM product 100 g given by single retention enema, between March 2015 and February 2017. The clinical outcome was absence of CDI during the 60 days after FMT. The subjects were followed for 6 months for safety. In a subset recipients, microbiome composition by 16S rRNA gene profiling were analyzed on stools obtained pre- and day 2, 7, 14, 30, 60 and 90 days after FMT. Results A total of 54 subjects were enrolled (37/54; 69% female) with a median age of 71 years (range: 20–97). In the first 14 subjects treated, cure rates for oral capsules 100 g FM was 5/8 (63%) vs. 6/6 (100%) for those receiving 100 g frozen FM by enema (P = 0.209). In the second phase of the study cure rate for oral capsules 200 g FM was 17/18 (91%) vs. 20/21 (94%) for the subjects treated by enema by 100 g of frozen product (P = 0.782). No side effects were felt to be related to the procedure or the FMT products were recorded during 6 months follow-up. Two subjects died during follow-up between 3 and 6 months after study due to underlying medical conditions felt to be unrelated to FMT. Microbiota analysis were performed on 40 subjects of which 19/40 (48%) had received capsules. Figure showed that restoration of the intestinal microbiome diversity and Taxa began apparent by 2 days after FMT in both groups and resembled the donor product by 2 weeks with stabilization of the microbiota diversity and Taxa persisting for the 90 days of observation. Conclusion Administration of encapsulated, lyophilized FM resulted in durable restoration of intestinal microbiome diversity comparable to results seen with frozen product given by enema. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Applications of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: Emphasis on Clostridioides difficile Infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 016-020
Author(s):  
Juliana Peloso Signorette ◽  
Rômulo Tadeu Dias de Oliveira ◽  
José Maria Montiel ◽  
Priscila Larcher Longo
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
National Library ◽  
Electronic Library ◽  
Fecal Transplantation ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile Infection ◽  
Latin American And Caribbean

Abstract Objective This study aimed to perform a comprehensive review of clinical trials using fecal microbiota transplantation in cases of Clostridioides difficile infection. Methods This manuscript reviews clinical studies published from 2003 to 2020 at the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO Brazil), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS) and US National Library of Medicine (MedLine/PubMed) databases using the descriptors antibiotic/antimicrobial, Clostridium difficile/Clostridioides difficile, intestinal microbiota/intestinal microbiome and fecal transplantation. Results Interventions on microbiota include the use of probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation as therapeutic methods. Results show that fecal microbiota transplantation is an excellent alternative for the treatment of recurrent C. difficile infections.

scholarly journals New Developments in Microbiome in Alcohol-Associated and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillipp Hartmann ◽  
Bernd Schnabl
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

AbstractAlcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are important causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The intestinal microbiota is involved in the development and progression of both ALD and NAFLD. Here we describe associated changes in the intestinal microbiota, and we detail randomized clinical trials in ALD and NAFLD which evaluate treatments modulating the intestinal microbiome including fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and antibiotics. Finally, we discuss precision medicine approaches targeting the intestinal microbiome to ameliorate ALD and NAFLD.

scholarly journals Third-party fecal microbiota transplantation following allo-HCT reconstitutes microbiome diversity

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 745-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachariah DeFilipp ◽  
Jonathan U. Peled ◽  
Shuli Li ◽  
Jasmin Mahabamunuge ◽  
Zeina Dagher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Allogeneic Hct ◽  
Microbiome Diversity ◽  
Key Points

Key PointsThe administration of third-party FMT capsules early after allogeneic HCT is feasible and appears safe. FMT is associated with early expansion of microbiome diversity in transplant recipients.

scholarly journals Intestinal microbiome and NAFLD: molecular insights and therapeutic perspectives

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiming Hu ◽  
Aizhen Lin ◽  
Mingwang Kong ◽  
Xiaowei Yao ◽  
Mingzhu Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Farnesoid X Receptor ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Intestinal Microbes ◽  
Bile Acid Sequestrants ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

AbstractNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic manifestation of dysregulated lipid and glucose metabolism, which is often associated with obesity, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. In view of the high morbidity and health risks of NAFLD, the lack of effective cure has drawn great attention. In recent years, a line of evidence has suggested a close linkage between the intestine and liver diseases such as NAFLD. We summarized the composition and characteristics of intestinal microbes and reviewed molecular insights into the intestinal microbiome in development and progression of NAFLD. Intestinal microbes mainly include bacteria, archaea, viruses and fungi, and the crosstalk between non-bacterial intestinal microbes and human liver diseases should be paid more attention. Intestinal microbiota imbalance may not only increase the intestinal permeability to gut microbes but also lead to liver exposure to harmful substances that promote hepatic lipogenesis and fibrosis. Furthermore, we focused on reviewing the latest “gut–liver axis”-targeting treatment, including the application of antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, farnesoid X receptor agonists, bile acid sequestrants, gut-derived hormones, adsorbents and fecal microbiota transplantation for NAFLD. In this review, we also discussed the potential mechanisms of “gut–liver axis” manipulation and efficacy of these therapeutic strategies for NAFLD treatment.

scholarly journals Change in Bacterial Diversity of Fecal Microbiota Drives Mortality in a Hamster Model of Antibiotic-induced Clostridium difficile Colitis

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S382-S382
Author(s):  
Charles Burdet ◽  
Thu Thuy Nguyen ◽  
Nathalie Saint-Lu ◽  
Sakina Sayah-Jeanne ◽  
Perrine Hugon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Gene Profiling ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Hamster Model ◽  
Unweighted Unifrac ◽  
Curtis Dissimilarity ◽  
Oral Adsorbent ◽  
Induced Changes

Abstract Background C. difficile (C diff) infection results from antibiotic-induced changes in colonic microbiota. DAV131A, an oral adsorbent-based product, can sequester antibiotic (AB) residues in the gut and reduce mortality in a hamster model of moxifloxacin (MXF) or clindamycin (CM) induced C diffcolitis. We studied the link between changes of the bacterial diversity within the fecal microbiota and mortality in this model. Methods Male Syrian hamsters were administered 30 mg/kg MXF or 5 mg/kg CM subcutaneously once a day for 5 days (D1 to D5) and orally infected at D3 with 104C diffspores. They were orally administered various doses of DAV131A (0, and 200 to 900 mg/kg twice a day), from D1 to D8. Survival was monitored up to D16 and feces were collected (D1 and D3) to characterize the microbiota by 16S rRNA gene profiling. Changes of various α- (Shannon, Observed OTUs and Chao1) and β- (Bray-Curtis dissimilarity and [un]weighted UniFrac) diversity indices between D1 and D3 were obtained for each animal. We analyzed links between (i) DAV131A dose and changes of bacterial diversity and (ii) changes of bacterial diversity and mortality using non parametric tests and logistic regression. Results Data from 70 and 60 animals were available in the MXF and CM studies, among which 10 and 28 died, respectively. Increasing doses of DAV131A reduced mortality from 100% to 0% and reduced changes in bacterial diversity of the fecal microbiota. Very strong predictors of mortality were changes in Shannon and unweighted UniFrac indices, which were markedly less affected in hamsters who survived (see table below median (min; max) according to vital status and area under the ROC curve, AUROC). Conclusion The extent of AB-induced changes in gut bacterial diversity correlated with increased mortality in a hamster model of C diff colitis. Higher doses of DAV131A protected fecal microbiota disruption and hence mortality. Disclosures C. Burdet, Da Volterra: Consultant and Research Contractor, Consulting fee; N. Saint-Lu, Da Volterra: Employee, Salary; S. Sayah-Jeanne, Da Volterra: Employee, Salary; P. Hugon, Da Volterra: Employee, Salary; F. Sablier-Gallis, Da Volterra: Employee, Salary; S. Ferreira, Genoscreen: Employee, Salary; A. Andremont, Da Volterra: Consultant, Consulting fee; F. Mentré, Da Volterra: Consultant and Research Contractor, Consulting fee; J. De Gunzburg, Da Volterra: Consultant and Shareholder, Consulting fee

scholarly journals Impact of Antibiotic Gut Exposure on the Temporal Changes in Microbiome Diversity

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Burdet ◽  
Thu Thuy Nguyen ◽  
Xavier Duval ◽  
Stéphanie Ferreira ◽  
Antoine Andremont ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Gene Profiling ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Mixed Effect

ABSTRACT Although the global deleterious impact of antibiotics on the intestinal microbiota is well known, temporal changes in microbial diversity during and after an antibiotic treatment are still poorly characterized. We used plasma and fecal samples collected frequently during treatment and up to one month after from 22 healthy volunteers assigned to a 5-day treatment by moxifloxacin (n = 14) or no intervention (n = 8). Moxifloxacin concentrations were measured in both plasma and feces, and bacterial diversity was determined in feces by 16S rRNA gene profiling and quantified using the Shannon index and number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Nonlinear mixed effect models were used to relate drug pharmacokinetics and bacterial diversity over time. Moxifloxacin reduced bacterial diversity in a concentration-dependent manner, with a median maximal loss of 27.5% of the Shannon index (minimum [min], 17.5; maximum [max], 27.7) and 47.4% of the number of OTUs (min, 30.4; max, 48.3). As a consequence of both the long fecal half-life of moxifloxacin and the susceptibility of the gut microbiota to moxifloxacin, bacterial diversity indices did not return to their pretreatment levels until days 16 and 21, respectively. Finally, the model characterized the effect of moxifloxacin on bacterial diversity biomarkers and provides a novel framework for analyzing antibiotic effects on the intestinal microbiome.

scholarly journals Intestinal Microbiota: A Novel Target to Improve Anti-Tumor Treatment?

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 4584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romain Villéger ◽  
Amélie Lopès ◽  
Guillaume Carrier ◽  
Julie Veziant ◽  
Elisabeth Billard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Novel Target

Recently, preclinical and clinical studies targeting several types of cancer strongly supported the key role of the gut microbiota in the modulation of host response to anti-tumoral therapies such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy and even surgery. Intestinal microbiome has been shown to participate in the resistance to a wide range of anticancer treatments by direct interaction with the treatment or by indirectly stimulating host response through immunomodulation. Interestingly, these effects were described on colorectal cancer but also in other types of malignancies. In addition to their role in therapy efficacy, gut microbiota could also impact side effects induced by anticancer treatments. In the first part of this review, we summarized the role of the gut microbiome on the efficacy and side effects of various anticancer treatments and underlying mechanisms. In the second part, we described the new microbiota-targeting strategies, such as probiotics and prebiotics, antibiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation and physical activity, which could be effective adjuvant therapies developed in order to improve anticancer therapeutic efficiency.

scholarly journals Multivariate Analysis in Microbiome Description: Correlation of Human Gut Protein Degraders, Metabolites, and Predicted Metabolic Functions

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Raimondi ◽  
Rosalba Calvini ◽  
Francesco Candeliere ◽  
Alan Leonardi ◽  
Alessandro Ulrici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Gene Profiling ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
The Face ◽  
Microbiome Data

Protein catabolism by intestinal bacteria is infamous for releasing many harmful compounds, negatively affecting the health status, both locally and systemically. In a previous study, we enriched in protein degraders the fecal microbiota of five subjects, utilizing a medium containing protein and peptides as sole fermentable substrates and we monitored their evolution by 16S rRNA gene profiling. In the present study, we fused the microbiome data and the data obtained by the analysis of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the headspace of the cultures. Then, we utilized ANOVA simultaneous component analysis (ASCA) to establish a relationship between metabolites and bacteria. In particular, ASCA allowed to separately assess the effect of subject, time, inoculum concentration, and their binary interactions on both microbiome and volatilome data. All the ASCA submodels pointed out a consistent association between indole and Escherichia–Shigella, and the relationship of butyric, 3-methyl butanoic, and benzenepropanoic acids with some bacterial taxa that were major determinants of cultures at 6 h, such as Lachnoclostridiaceae (Lachnoclostridium), Clostridiaceae (Clostridium sensu stricto), and Sutterellaceae (Sutterella and Parasutterella). The metagenome reconstruction with PICRUSt2 and its functional annotation indicated that enrichment in a protein-based medium affected the richness and diversity of functional profiles, in the face of a decrease of richness and evenness of the microbial community. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size indicated a positive differential abundance (p < 0.05) for the modules of amino acid catabolism that may be at the basis of the changes of VOC profile. In particular, predicted genes encoding functions belonging to the superpathways of ornithine, arginine, and putrescine transformation to GABA and eventually to succinyl-CoA, of methionine degradation, and various routes of breakdown of aromatic compounds yielding succinyl-CoA or acetyl-CoA became significantly more abundant in the metagenome of the bacterial community.

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