We Admire Heroes

2020 ◽  
pp. 164-194
Author(s):  
James M. Jasper ◽  
Michael P. Young ◽  
Elke Zuern
Keyword(s):  
Financial Support ◽  
John Mccain ◽  
Willingness To Sacrifice ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Character Work

Opening with a discussion of eulogies for John McCain, this chapter presents heroes as part of a typology of primary characters including heroes, villains, victims, and minions. Strong, good, and active, heroes are the players who must set things right and protect others. Heroes struggle, which is why they are admirable—and also why they need others’ cooperation, votes, or financial support. The combination of good and strong leads to bravery, actions that run the risk or reality of self-sacrifice. Hero portraits can remind people of the hero’s past victories, but also of the powerful forces arrayed against her. Strong enough to protect herself, the hero’s goodness requires that she act on behalf of others as well. This is the difference between heroism and success: an individual’s accomplishments, such as earning a fortune, may not help anyone else. Because strong figures can be threatening, character work on a hero highlights her goodness and willingness to sacrifice herself for others.

scholarly journals Features of the methodology for assessing budget efficiency investment pro-jects

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (98) ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
R. M. Myniv ◽  
V. О. Ivashkiv ◽  
Н. M. Mokrytska
Keyword(s):  
Return On Investment ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Investment Project ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Bank Loans ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Main Indicator ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of

The analysis of current regulations shows that only a few indicators (budgetary effect) are used to assess the budget efficiency of investment projects in Ukraine, and the decision on financing is not made from it. As a result, it is necessary to raise the issue of introducing an additional system of indicators for assessing the effectiveness of investment projects, which characterize the return on investment of budget funds. Thus, the purpose of this study is to develop proposals for improving the methodology for assessing the budget effectiveness of investment projects. The main indicator for assessing the effectiveness of projects that provide state or regional financial support is the budgetary effect. Budget effect is the main indicator of budget efficiency used to justify the decision to finance the project, which is often defined as the difference between inflows and outflows of budget funds, taking into account discounting. The paper proposes to introduce additional indicators to assess the budget efficiency of the investment project, in addition to the payback period of state support. Absolute budget effect. which will be calculated in the form of two indicators: taking into account and without taking into account loans to banks under government guarantees. This calculation is justified, as the budget effect may be understated by including bank loans in the definition of this indicator, while the state budget may not incur costs under its guarantee obligations. Absolute budgetary effect, which characterizes the total amount of funds that the country's budget will receive as a result of the project. Relative budget effect, which characterizes the ratio of budget investments to the investment project and additional revenues to the budget. Budget profitability – shows how many monetary units the project implementation brings per unit of budget funds spent. Due to the fact that this indicator is based on the indicator of the absolute budgetary effect, the calculation of this indicator will be calculated taking into account and without taking into account bank loans issued under government guarantees. The authors have developed some modifications to the calculations for assessing the budget efficiency of investment projects, as well as the calculation of indicators of budget efficiency of projects that characterize the return on investment: absolute budget effect, relative budget effect (indirect and direct), budget profitability.

scholarly journals Non-Financial Support Provided to Parents in Stepfamilies: Empirical Examination of Europeans 50+

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5151
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Kalbarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Financial Support ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Empirical Examination ◽  
Older Parents ◽  
Intact Families ◽  
Relationship Closeness ◽  
Biological Children ◽  
Secondary Objective ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Natural Child

The aging of the population, coupled with increasing divorce and remarriage rates, are changing the structure of potential non-financial support for older parents. The purpose of this study was to examine support provided to parents aged 50+ in stepfamilies and to determine if the difference existed between help provided by natural children and stepchildren. The primary objective was to investigate whether blood ties were a significant determinant of the support if the quality of the relationship between the parent and a natural child or a stepchild was taken into account. The secondary objective was to answer the question to what extent the reciprocal exchange motive of support was observed in stepfamilies. The probability of non-financial support from children and stepchildren was estimated based on the sixth wave of the SHARE (Survey on Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe) database for European countries. Children in stepfamilies provided less non-financial help to parents than those in intact families. Stepchildren were less likely to be in stepparents’ social networks, and stepparents provided less help with childcare for grandchildren than they did to their biological children. Relationship closeness and looking after grandchildren increased the probability of non-financial support to older parents, regardless of whether the donor was a natural child or a stepchild.

scholarly journals The Current View on Redistribution of Subsidies in the Agricultural Sector in Slovakia

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (36) ◽  
pp. 440-446
Author(s):  
Ivana Kravčáková Vozárová
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Current View ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual

Abstract The essential way of realization of the Common Agricultural Policy in EU is through the financial support. One of the basic ways of financial support are subsidies. The huge segment affecting the agricultural sector is necessary to define, describe or classify so that we can might it to best analyse and understand. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the development of agricultural subsidies granted per hectare of agricultural land in Slovakia in terms of territory. The difference between the individual regions was evaluated using one-way analysis of variance. This analysis confirmed the existence of statistically significant differences between the amounts of subsidies per hectare of agricultural land provided to agricultural entities in terms of individual regions. This fact shows that firms in regions with worse natural and climatic conditions achieved a higher amount of financial support than companies in regions where agricultural production has better conditions and a long-term tradition.

scholarly journals Impact of Corporate Culture on the Universities’ Achievements in the “5-100” Project

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
V. A. Pushnykh ◽  
N. S. Gulius ◽  
E. Yu. Yatkina
Keyword(s):  
Federal Government ◽  
Corporate Culture ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
State University ◽  
Culture Study ◽  
The World ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The City ◽  
Foreign Universities ◽  
Russian Universities

The project called “5-100” has been established in Russia in 2013 for the period of time from 2013 up to 2020. It was supposed that this project would be resulted in entry of 5 Russian universities into 100 highest positions of the world university ratings. 21 Russian universities were chosen as the participants of the project. To achieve the purpose of the project, every chosen university received considerable financial support from the Russian federal government. Among others, two universities from the city of Tomsk – Tomsk State University (TSU) and Tomsk Polytechnic University (TPU) were the participants of this project. In spite of the identical starting points, the universities have demonstrated substantially different results by the end of the project implementation. In this article, we attempted to explain the difference of the results through difference of the corporate cultures of both universities. The corporate culture study has been done using OCAI method. The study showed that TGU’s corporate culture looks like more competitive than TPU’s one. It was proved by the comparison of the TPU and TGU cultures with cultures of the foreign universities.

Conference Report Coercion and Consent: A Comparative Study of ‘Mass Dictatorship’

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
JIE-HYUN LIM
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Conference Report ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Masses

What is the difference between pre-modern despotism and modern dictatorship? The answer is simple: despotism does not need massive backing from below, but dictatorship presupposes the support of the masses. This simple distinction is the starting point of the three-year ‘mass dictatorship’ project, launched in December 2002 with the financial support of the Korea Research Foundation and Hanyang University, Seoul. The project aims to position Korean debates about coming to terms with its dictatorial past in the context of other countries' experiences with dictatorship.

scholarly journals Who Benefits from Secondary Education Bursary Fund in Kenya?

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 337
Author(s):  
John Mugun Boit
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Education ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Educational Opportunities ◽  
Difference Principle ◽  
Management Information ◽  
Justice As Fairness ◽  
Presidential Decree ◽  
Equity In Access ◽  
The Difference

<p>This study examined the effectiveness of the Secondary Education Bursary Fund SEBF in<br />enhancing equity in access to secondary school educational opportunities. The discussion is<br />guided by Rawls’ theory of social justice as fairness (1971) upon which the concept of equity is<br />grounded. The study is specifically influenced by the Difference Principle and the Criterion of<br />Reciprocity on the basis of reasonable citizenship as espoused by Rawls. The Secondary<br />Education Bursary Fund (SEBF) was established in 1994 by a presidential decree to help the<br />socio-economically disadvantaged groups to access secondary education. The findings indicate<br />that the bursary beneficiaries transcend all socio-economic boundaries and that the allocation<br />mechanism did not, as was intended, effectively target bursary support to students from poor<br />and vulnerable socio-economic groups. As a result, the fund has had little impact on equity in<br />access to secondary education. There is therefore an urgent need to make necessary structural<br />and management adjustments to the bursary fund to make it more responsive and selective to<br />those in need of financial support. Of significance is adoption of management information<br />systems to enable effective and efficient administration of the fund. The findings will inform<br />management decisions geared towards revitalizing the fund as well as informing policy<br />formulation and review and aid scholarly debate on issues of educational financial subsidies.</p>

scholarly journals Three aspects of litigation funding

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-369
Author(s):  
David Capper
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Common Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Public Enterprise ◽  
Institutional Trust ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Digital Telephony

This comment reviews three decisions of the Supreme Court of Ireland from the last three years which concern different aspects of litigation funding. Persona Digital Telephony Ltd v Minister for Public Enterprise is about the direct provision of financial support for litigation, something which the Supreme Court invalidated as contravening the ancient principles of maintenance and champerty. In SPV Osus v HSBC Institutional Trust Services the Supreme Court unsurprisingly struck down an assignment of a right to litigate as also savouring of maintenance and champerty. Finally in Moorview Development Ltd v First Active plc the Supreme Court considered when a third party supporting litigation in circumstances not covered by Persona Digital might be required to pay the costs of the defendant should the litigation supported be lost. Persona Digital is a decision of mainly Irish significance, but the other decisions have implications for the wider common law in relation to two matters. The first is whether the difference between financing a claim and buying it is more than a matter of form. The second is the appropriate approach of courts wherever situated to making a non-commercial funder of civil litigation liable to pay the costs of an opposing litigant.

Development Agencies, Grant System, and Financial Support for SMEs in Turkey

2015 ◽  
pp. 130-150
Author(s):  
Hasan Dinçer ◽  
Ümit Hacıoğlu ◽  
Abdullah Önder Özkul
Keyword(s):  
Financial Support ◽  
Real Sector ◽  
Financial Instruments ◽  
The Real ◽  
Commercial Potential ◽  
Commercial Activities ◽  
Common Problems ◽  
Development Agencies ◽  
The Difference

SMEs form 90% of commercial businesses in Turkey and the support given to SMEs means support directly given to the real sector in a vast scale. SMEs have some problems currently that are accepted as structural throughout Turkey, such as that they were constituted in form of family companies, that they do not use financial instruments sufficiently, that they do not work with professional executives, their commercial activities without invoice, etc. There could be other common problems that SMEs can meet with as related to sector or location. The main duties of Development Agencies is to mobilize commercial potential in region, to support sectors that have the potential to grow, and thus, to decrease the difference of development between regions. This chapter explores SMEs in Turkey.

scholarly journals The Effect of COVID-19 on the Efficiency of Intercity Bus Operation: The Case of Chungnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 5958
Author(s):  
Wonchul Kim ◽  
Sunghyo Hong
Keyword(s):  
Financial Support ◽  
Tobit Model ◽  
Support Needs ◽  
Line Frequency ◽  
Capital Region ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Operating Distance

This paper estimates the efficiency of operating intercity bus lines in Chungnam province over the period 2017–2020, and then empirically analyzes the determinants of the efficiency. In particular, it evaluates to what extent the efficiency in 2020 decreased due to COVID-19 and which characteristics of lines (length of a line, frequency of operation, whether a line operates via highways and includes the capital region or not) affected the efficiency during the pandemic through a tobit model. The empirical results show that the efficiency in the operation of intercity bus lines in Chungnam was higher in 2018 and 2019 compared to 2017, but dropped in 2020 by 15.8%. It appears that the efficiency is higher when a line operates more frequently and covers a longer distance, but the efficiency increases at a decreasing rate as the operating distance becomes longer. In addition, the difference in the efficiency according to operating distance due to COVID-19 seems to be statistically significant. Given that intercity bus lines are heavily dependent upon a (local) government’s financial support and the amount of this support needs to reflect the degree to which the efficiency has decreased due to COVID-19 as an external shock, it is important to precisely estimate the magnitude of the efficiency reduction from both a policy and academic standpoint.

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